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At least 145 records · Page 8

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DOE OSTI2024

Characterization of Stress-Corrosion-Cracking in Plutonium-Bearing Storage Containers

Introduction • The Integrated Surveillance Program, under the Department of Energy, is responsible for the periodic surveillance of storage containers containing plutonium-bearing materials. • The container-packages are designed to isolate the materials for 50 to 100 years with minimal surveillance. • During monitoring, corrosion-pitting and stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) has been identified in some of the inner-cans near the weld regions. • SCC through wall penetration would result in an undesired increased risk of leakage. • An investigation is in progress to identify and characterize corrosion events to determine the prevalence of corrosion features and the likelihood of a throughwall breach. • Here, we discuss the characterization efforts carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), including 3D-tomography by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) methods.

Perez, Emmanuel E.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Containers on Switches: A Cluster School Experience

Network switches, such as those from Arista and Mellanox, often have underutilized computational resources in the form of built-in processors and memory. By leveraging these untapped resources, we can optimize functionality and efficiency of computational cluster networks. Our research focuses on deploying containers directly onto these switches to execute various auxiliary tasks ranging from metric logging to system-wide management via post-boot configuration. By doing so, we can significantly enchance the capabilities of the cluster without the need for additional dedicated hardware. Our research involved five distinct scenarios where switch utilization could have a profound impact on HPC Clusters: run cloud-init services via link-local connection; configuring a Telegraf container to export metrics; deploying a caching proxy; creating a reconfigurable IPv6 DHCP/DNS provider for VLAN; and implementing a client detection with Magellan discovery. These scenarios were containerized with podman and docker, and tested both physically on the switch virtually on a QEMU VM both running SONiC OS. Testing and findings indicate that network switches can indeed be used for these scenarios. They offer a wide range of possibilities beyond these applications. They run as expected as containers on the switches, and although there were some minor issues, work-arounds were implemented. Overall, this is a positive result that can be further explored with more scenarios.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2025

Novel Relativistic Electronic Structure Theories for Actinide-Containing Compounds

Actinides of importance to basic energy sciences contain electrons moving at speed comparable to the speed of light. Reliable computational simulation of these electrons and hence actinide chemistry requires accurate description of relativistic effects. The present project advances computational actinide chemistry with development of new methodologies, algorithms, and computer programs in relativistic quantum chemistry, as well as applications to actinide chemistry and spectroscopy. A new “electrons-only” exact two-component approach has been developed to provide efficient treatments of relativistic effects, while maintaining chemical accuracy. New computational algorithms developed here extend the applicability of relativistic electron-correlation methods to larger molecules. The method-development work in this project also features the first implementation of analytic gradient technique for relativistic electron-correlation methods, which provides significantly enhanced ability to compute properties for molecules containing actinides. The applicability and usefulness of these new methods and computer programs have been demonstrated in calculations of actinide-containing molecules to facilitate understanding of actinide chemistry and spectroscopy.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2025

Testing a Hazmatpac Can with Locking Ring as a Secondary Shipping Container for Radium-224/Lead-212 Generators

A Hazmatpac can, paint can style shipping container with locking ring, was tested for use as an alternative shipping configuration for shipment of radium- 224 /lead- 212 generators. 224 Ra ( t 1/2 = 3.63 d) decays by alpha emission to radon-220 ( t 1/2 = 55.6 s). The potential for the radioactive radon gas to escape the generator column and the shipping container is of particular concern for the safe delivery of 224 Ra/ 212 Pb generators to customers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the Hazmatpac can is a suitable shipping configuration, capable of containing the radon gas that may escape the generator column during transit. A 17.3 mCi 224 Ra/ 212 Pb generator was built and packaged into a Hazmatpac can. The can was smeared by a Radiological Control Technician (RCT) every day for seven days to analyze for radioactive contamination on the outside of the can. Over the course of the study, no radioactive contamination was found on the outside of the can. Therefore, the Hazmatpac can was approved as an alternative shipping configuration for shipment of 224 Ra/ 212 Pb generators.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Final Technical Report: Transport of Complex Mixtures in Ion-Containing Polymer Membranes

Permselective ion-containing membranes are an integral component for many applications from water treatment, fuel cells, and solar fuels devices where the selective transport of molecules and ions is desired. In solar fuels devices, ion-containing polymer membranes are responsible for permitting selective transport of ions between electrodes to maintain overall charge neutrality yet limit transport of reaction products produced at the electrodes. While the transport of single solutes through such membranes has been fairly well described, binary and multicomponent transport is poorly understood due to the myriad of interactions that occur in these systems (i.e. between co-permeants and between permeants and the membrane). Solar fuels devices are just one example of an application where understanding the transport of multiple simultaneous species is critically important to improving device performance as product crossover leads to reductions in overall device performance. The objectives of this research was to improve our understanding of the complex array of factors that influence transport behavior of multiple solutes within ion-containing polymer membranes. This experimental project addressed the lack of fundamental understanding of multicomponent transport behavior by synthesizing ion exchange membranes with varied incorporation of comonomers (ionic and neutral moieties) to investigate fundamental relationships between membrane structure, membrane physiochemical properties, and transport behavior of solutes and complex solute mixtures through dense, hydrated membranes.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

NASA NTRS1966

Seal-off assembly permits rapid evacuation of air from containers

Seal-off assembly which permits rapid container evacuation using large diameter tubing has a vacuum valve that permits sealing plate transfer from the vacuum valve stem to the container after evacuation. The sealing plate can be reused repeatedly. This device can repump in case of a small leak without exposing the container to the atmosphere.

Demers, R. R.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Effect of baffles on inflow patterns in spherical containers during weightlessness

An experimental investigation of isothermal liquid inflow patterns in a spherical container during weightlessness was conducted in a 2.2-Second Zero-Gravity Facility. The test liquids employed exhibited an essentially zero-degree static contact angle on the surface of the container. Qualitative results are presented for both baffled and unbaffled containers describing the uniformity of tank wall wetting and the liquid loss through two symmetrically located vents.

Labus, T. L.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Factors affecting the thermal shock resistance of several hafnia based composites containing graphite or tungsten

The thermal shock resistance of hafnia based composites containing graphite powder or tungsten fibers was investigated in terms of material properties which include thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, compressive fracture stress, modulus of elasticity, and phase stability in terms of the processing parameters of hot pressing pressure and/or density, degree of stabilization of the hafnia, and composition. All other parameters were held constant or assumed constant. The thermal shock resistance was directly proportional to the compressive fracture stress to modulus of elasticity ratio and was not affected appreciably by the small thermal expansion or thermal conductivity changes. This ratio was found to vary strongly with the composition and density such that the composites containing graphite had relatively poor thermal shock resistance, while the composites containing tungsten had superior thermal shock resistance.

Lineback, L. D.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Binary signaling over channels containing quadratic nonlinearities

This paper examines the transmission of binary data signals over channels which contain quadratic nonlinearities and additive Gaussian noise. We consider the case where the channel is nonlinear with memory and where the signal is passed through an input receiver filter and sampled once every signaling interval. The samples are represented by a discrete Volterra series and a special case where the received sample contains a single quadratic distortion term is examined. The optimum (maximum-likelihood) receiver (processor) is derived and upper and lower performance bounds obtained. The performance of a practical, suboptimum receiver is examined by means of computer simulation and is shown to be very close to the lower bound of the optimum receiver. Next we examine the case where the received sample contains two quadratic distortion terms. Again, upper and lower performance bounds are obtained.

Lawless, W. J.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Axial jet mixing of ethanol in spherical containers during weightlessness

An experimental program was conducted to examine the liquid flow patterns that result from the axial jet mixing of ethanol in 10-centimeter-diameter spherical containers in weightlessness. Complete liquid circulation flow patterns were easily established in containers that were less than half full of liquid, while for higher liquid fill conditions, vapor was drawn into the inlet of the simulated mixer unit. Increasing the liquid-jet or lowering the position at which the liquid jet entered the container caused increasing turbulence and bubble formation.

Audelott, J. C.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Crack propagation and arrest in pressurized containers

The problem of crack propagation and arrest in a finite volume cylindrical container filled with pressurized gas is considered. It is assumed that the cylinder contains a symmetrically located longitudinal part-through crack with a relatively small net ligament. The net ligament suddenly ruptures initiating the process of fracture propagation and depressurization in the cylinder. Thus the problem is a coupled gas dynamics and solid mechanics problem the exact formulation of which does not seem to be possible. The problem is reduced to a proper initial value problem by introducing a dynamic fracture criterion which relates the crack acceleration to the difference between a load factor and the corresponding strength parameter. The results indicate that generally in gas filled cylinders fracture arrest is not possible unless the material behaves in a ductile manner and the container is relatively long.

Erdogan, F.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Crack propagation and arrest in pressurized containers

The problem of crack propagation and arrest in a finite volume cylindrical container filled with pressurized gas is considered. It is assumed that the cylinder contains a symmetrically located longitudinal part-through crack with a relatively small net ligament. The net ligament suddenly ruptures initiating the process of fracture propagation and depressurization in the cylinder. The problem is formulated by making two major assumptions, namely, that the shell problem is quasi-static and the gas dynamics problem is one-dimensional. The problem is reduced to a proper initial value problem by introducing a dynamic fracture criterion which relates the crack acceleration to the difference between a load factor and the corresponding strength parameter. The main results are demonstrated by considering two examples, an aluminum cylinder which may behave in a quasi-brittle manner, and a steel cylinder which undergoes ductile fracture. The results indicate that generally in gas-filled cylinders fracture arrest is not possible unless the material behaves in a ductile manner and the container is relatively long.

Erdogan, F.↗

NASA NTRS1978

A numerical study of capillary stability in a circular cylindrical container with a concave spheroidal bottom

The paper describes a theoretical investigation of the stability under gravitational and surface forces of a liquid in a circular cylindrical container with a concave spheroidal bottom for the case in which the volume of the liquid is sufficiently small so that the bottom is not covered completely. The gravitational field is assumed to be directed along the symmetry axis of the container, and for a specific container shape the critical Bond number is calculated as a function of liquid volume for contact angles of gamma = 0, 1, 2, and 4 deg. For gamma = 0 deg, some critical equilibrium configurations and corresponding perturbation modes are presented.

Concus, P.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Curable liquid hydrocarbon prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups and process for producing same

Production of hydroxyl containing curable liquid hydrocarbon prepolymers by ozonizing a high molecular weight saturated hydrocarbon polymer such as polyisobutylene or ethylene propylene rubber is discussed. The ozonized material is reduced using reducing agents, preferably diisobutyl aluminum hydride, to form the hydroxyl containing liquid prepolymers having a substantially lower molecular weight than the parent polymer. The resulting curable liquid hydroxyl containing prepolymers can be poured into a mold and readily cured, with reactants such as toluene diisocyanate, to produce highly stable elastomers having a variety of uses such as binders for solid propellants.

Rhein, R. A.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Composite containment systems for jet engine fan blades

The use of composites in fan blade containment systems is investigated and the associated structural benefits of the composite system design are identified. Two basic types of containment structures were investigated. The short finned concept was evaluated using Kevlar/epoxy laminates for fins which were mounted in a 6061 T-6 aluminum ring. The long fin concept was evaluated with Kevlar/epoxy, 6Al4V titanium, and 2024 T-3 aluminum fins. The unfinned configurations consisted of the base-line steel sheet, a circumferentially oriented aluminum honeycomb, and a Kevlar cloth filled ring. Results obtained show that a substantial reduction in the fan blade containment system weight is possible. Minimization of damage within the engine arising from impact interaction between blade debris and the engine structure is also achieved.

Smith, G. T.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Application of the line-spring model to a cylindrical shell containing a circumferential or axial part-through crack

An approximate solution was obtained for a cylindrical shell containing a part-through surface crack. It was assumed that the shell contains a circumferential or axial semi-elliptic internal or external surface crack and was subjected to a uniform membrane loading or a uniform bending moment away from the crack region. A Reissner type theory was used to account for the effects of the transverse shear deformations. The stress intensity factor at the deepest penetration point of the crack was tabulated for bending and membrane loading by varying three dimensionless length parameters of the problem formed from the shell radius, the shell thickness, the crack length, and the crack depth. The upper bounds of the stress intensity factors are provided by the results of the elasticity solution obtained from the axisymmetric crack problem for the circumferential crack, and that found from the plane strain problem for a circular ring having a radial crack for the axial crack. The line-spring model gives the expected results in comparison with the elasticity solutions. Results also compare well with the existing finite element solution of the pressurized cylinder containing an internal semi-elliptic surface crack.

Delale, F.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Containment materials: Status and summary

The hydrogen containment materials are studied. The safe, reliable, and economic containment of hydrogen is essential to the success of virtually any hydrogen energy transport and storage scheme. The potential problems associated with hydrogen containment are presented.

Nelson, H. G.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Conductive Container for Semiconductor Devices

Container for semiconductor components not only protects them against mechanical damage but ensures they are not harmed by electrostatic discharges. Container holds components in fixed positions so they can be serialized and identified from their locations. Suitable for holding components during both storing and shipping. Originally developed for microwave diodes, container concept readily adaptable to transistors and integrated circuits.

Rice, J. T.↗