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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

A numerical evaluation of the ambient air temperature in the Electron-Ion Collider tunnel

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a next-generation collider-accelerator that may require consistent operating temperature conditions for the beams within the accelerator tunnels to maintain stable operation. Variations in ambient temperature within the tunnel can cause thermal expansion of beampipe and component supports and can negatively affect the tunnel equipment, impacting the stability of the beamline. Modifications will be made to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to create the EIC, which necessitates a temperature model that addresses these modifications. To approach this problem, the consistency of temperature changes in different tunnel sections was first evaluated by plotting RHIC tunnel temperature data at various times of the day and year. From this data, a tunnel section was selected and a 2D temperature model was created for RHIC, EIC, and EIC with added cooling configurations. Soil temperature data was analyzed to determine the maximum, average, and mode soil temperatures, which were used as boundary conditions in different temperature scenarios. Computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to create 2D temperature profiles for the configurations. From this model, the predicted temperatures indicate that further analysis is required to validate the boundary conditions and benchmark the current conditions to allow the prediction of the tunnel ambient conditions at EIC. This research can be used as a preliminary model to create an EIC tunnel cooling system that will increase the operational stability of the EIC. As a result of my work this summer, I have become familiar with computational fluid dynamics, including creating fluid dynamic simulations using ANSYS Fluent and related software. I have also learned about the project process required for planning large-scale engineering projects.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Availability and redundancy design considerations for Electron-Ion Collider cooling water systems and components

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is composed of several large-scale systems, which all require highly available cooling systems based on the Conceptual Design Report. Since the overall EIC availability goal is 85%, all the subsystems will contribute. Availability is defined by the time that a component or system is functional given a required or scheduled run time. The focus of the project was to determine if redundant or extra cooling water and deionized water pumps were needed in a subsystem to increase the overall EIC availability. The largest subsystem in the ring is the 10 o’clock cooling system, so this was used for redundancy analysis. Relationships between the components were defined as parallel, series, or m-out-of-n for the cooling towers, valves, pumps and heat exchangers to perform calculations. A comparison between an original system versus a redundant one was then done using component availability from industry standards. Cost analysis was also performed to see how much the availability and cost would decrease if the redundancy application was not chosen. The Collider-Accelerator Department (CAD) also has a calculation in place for the Relativistic-Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), so cooling water failure data was collected from their operational log and analyzed for real-life component availability. A comparison of component availability from the CAD data to the industry standards was made through the 10 o’clock cooling system layout. The results showed that the subsystems need to have over a 98% availability for an 85% goal, and that the CAD data is very close to the industry component standards. The cost differential is miniscule compared to the potential availability increase. Therefore, redundant systems can increase the overall EIC availability by a sizable amount and are worth implementing.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

[Accelerator] R&D for Future Colliders

In this talk I will discuss accelerator R&D topics critical for future colliders. These colliders include circular and linear e+e- Higgs factories, and longer-term options such as muon and hadron high energy colliders. Emphasis will be placed on describing R&D for activities prioritized in the recent P5 report. The talk will cover radio frequency technology, high-filed superconducting magnets, muon cooling, energy efficiency, and other R&D topics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

2 Kelvin helium distribution system for the Electron Ion Collider’s 10 o’clock satellite refrigerator

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) will involve superfluid helium cooling of superconducting magnets and Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities at several sites around the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) accelerator tunnel. While the majority of the cooling power for these loads is provided by BNL’s central cryogenic plant, Jefferson Lab is designing satellite equipment which augments the central plant and enables 2 Kelvin operation. The 2 K cryogenic distribution system for the collider’s 10 o’clock location (Interaction Region 10 or IR10) includes all necessary interfaces to the IR10 Satellite Refrigerator, to the overall EIC cryogenic distribution system, and to 12 SRF cryomodules for the electron and hadron storage rings. In addition to providing the required cooling capacities in all operating modes, the IR10 2 K cryogenic distribution system also stabilizes the supply temperature and enables safe connection and disconnection of individual IR10 cryomodules. Moreover, the layout of the IR10 2 K cryogenic distribution system copes with challenging spatial constraints and adapts to the process configuration and routing of existing RHIC cryogenic distribution components which will be re-used for EIC. This paper gives a full overview of the IR10 satellite cryogenic distribution system design, and highlights some of the challenges encountered.

Laverdure, Nathaniel [Thomas Jefferson National Ac↗
DOE OSTI2025

A space-time tracking algorithm for high occupancy events at future colliders

We propose to explore the potential advantages of a newclass of tracking algorithms loosely inspired by the Hough transformconcept and where we include the time of arrival of each hit as anadditional coordinate to be treated in the same way as a spatialcoordinate. A remarkable property of this algorithm is that theexecution time is proportional to the total number of hits to beprocessed, making it particularly attractive for high occupancysituations expected at future colliders. The particular structureof the algorithm also lends itself naturally to parallel hardwareimplementations which, combined to its intrinsic flexibility, shouldprovide a powerful tool for triggering at future colliders. To probethe effectiveness of the algorithm, we apply it to a quasi-realisticsimulated environment of a possible future muon collider experimentand report the performance.

Casarsa, Massimo [INFN, Trieste; Royal Inst. Tech.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Status of the International Linear Collider

This paper is not a proposal for a CERN future project but provides information on the International Linear Collider (ILC) considered for Japan in order to facilitate the European Strategy discussion in a global context. It describes progress to date, ongoing engineering studies, updated cost estimate for the machine at $\sqrt{s}=250~\rm GeV$ and the situation in Japan. The physics of the ILC is not presented here, but jointly for all Linear Collider projects in a separate document ``A Linear Collider Vision for the Future of Particle Physics'' submitted for the forthcoming European Strategy deliberations.

Abe, Y. [KEK, Tsukuba]↗
DOE OSTI2025

A data-driven method to estimate contamination from light ion beam transmutation at colliders

Collisions of relativistic light ions such as oxygen, neon, and magnesium, have been proposed as a way to examine the system-size dependence of dynamics typically associated with the quark-gluon plasma produced in collisions of heavier ions such as xenon, gold, or lead. Recent efforts at both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have produced large datasets of proton-oxygen, oxygen-oxygen, and neon-neon collisions, catalyzing intense interest in experimental backgrounds associated with light ion collisions. In particular, electromagnetic dissociation of light ions while they are circulating in a collider can result in beam contamination that is difficult to simulate precisely. Here we propose a data-driven method for evaluating the potential impact of beam contaminants on physics analyses. The method exploits the time-dependence and smaller size of contaminant ion species to define control regions that can be used to quantify potential contamination effects. A simple mode

Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design of the Electron–Ion Collider

The Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) is under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory partnering with Jefferson Laboratory. The collider is designed for collisions of 70% polarized electrons and ions with luminosi ties up to $L$ = 1 × 10 34 cm -2 sec -1 at the center-of-mass energies up to 140 GeV. The report summarizes the requirements, describes the design of the collider, and presents the present status of the project.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Future Circular Hadron Collider FCC-hh: Overview and Status

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. Its goal is to push the field to the next energy frontier beyond LHC, increasing by an order of magnitude the mass of particles that could be directly produced, and decreasing by an order of magnitude the subatomic distances to be studied. The FCC study covers two accelerators, namely, an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh) and a highest luminosity, high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee). Both rings are hosted in the same 100 km tunnel infrastructure, replicating the CERN strategy for LEP and LHC, i.e. developing a lepton and a hadron ring sharing the same tunnel. This paper is devoted to the FCC-hh and summarizes the key features of the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and underlying technologies. The material presented in this paper builds on the conceptual design report published in 2019, and extends it, including also the progress made and the results achieved since then.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Strategic Approach to Advance Magnet Technology for Next Generation Colliders

Colliders are built on a foundation of superconducting magnet technology that provides strong dipole magnets to maintain the beam orbit and strong focusing magnets to enable the extraordinary luminosity required to probe physics at the energy frontier. The dipole magnet strength plays a critical role in dictating the energy reach of a collider, and the superconducting magnets are arguably the dominant cost driver for future collider facilities. As the community considers opportunities to explore new energy frontiers, the importance of advanced magnet technology - both in terms of magnet performance and in the magnet technology's potential for cost reduction - is evident, as the technology status is essential for informed decisions on targets for physics reach and facility feasibility.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Muon Collider Physics Summary

The perspective of designing muon colliders with high energy and luminosity, which is being investigated by the International Muon Collider Collaboration, has triggered a growing interest in their physics reach. We present a concise summary of the muon colliders potential to explore new physics, leveraging on the unique possibility of combining high available energy with very precise measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improving Di-Higgs Sensitivity at Future Colliders in Hadronic Final States with Machine Learning

One of the central goals of the physics program at the future colliders is to elucidate the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking, including precision measurements of the Higgs sector. This includes a detailed study of Higgs boson (H) pair production, which can reveal the H self-coupling. Since the discovery of the Higgs boson, a large campaign of measurements of the properties of the Higgs boson has begun and many new ideas have emerged during the completion of this program. One such idea is the use of highly boosted and merged hadronic decays of the Higgs boson ($\mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}$, $\mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W}\to\mathrm{q}\bar{\mathrm{q}}\mathrm{q}\bar{\mathrm{q}}$) with machine learning methods to improve the signal-to-background discrimination. In this white paper, we champion the use of these modes to boost the sensitivity of future collider physics programs to Higgs boson pair production, the Higgs self-coupling, and Higgs-vector boson couplings. We demonstrate the potential improvement possible at the Future Circular Collider in hadron mode, especially with the use of graph neural networks.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

HELEN: A Linear Collider Based On Advanced SRF Technology

This paper discusses recently proposed Higgs Energy LEptoN (HELEN) $e+e-$ linear collider based on advances in superconducting radio frequency technology. The collider offers cost and AC power savings, smaller footprint (relative to the ILC), and could be built at Fermilab with an interaction region within the site boundaries. After the initial physics run at 250 GeV, the collider could be upgraded either to higher luminosity or to higher (up to 500 GeV) energies.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Statement from the American Linear Collider Committee to the P5 subpanel

This statement from the American Linear Collider Committee to the P5 subpanel has three purposes. It presents a brief summary of the case for an $e^+e^-$ Higgs factory that has emerged from Snowmass 2021. It highlights the special virtues of the ILC that are shared with other linear colliders but not with circular colliders. Finally, it calls attention to the resources available in the ILC White Paper for Snowmass (arXiv:2203.07622). The ALCC urges P5 to move the Higgs factory forward as a global project by assigning the idea of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs factory high priority, initiating a global discussion of the technology choice and cost sharing, and offering the option of siting the Higgs factory in the U.S.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

United States Early Career Researchers in Collider Physics input to the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update

This document represents a contribution of the United States early career collider physics community to the 2025--2026 update to the European Strategy for Particle Physics. Preferences with regard to different future collider options and R&D priorities were assessed via a survey. The early career community was defined as anyone who is a graduate student, postdoctoral researcher, untenured faculty member, or research scientist under 40 years of age. In total, 105 participants responded to the survey between February and March 10th, 2025. Questions were formulated primarily to gauge the enthusiasm and preferences for different collider options in line with the recommendations of the United States' P5 report, relevant to the European Strategy Update.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Large Neutrino "Collider"

We propose using current and future large-volume neutrino telescopes as ``Large Neutrino Colliders" (L$ν$Cs) to explore TeV-scale physics beyond the Standard Model. Cosmic neutrinos with energies above 100 PeV colliding with nucleons in the detector reach center-of-mass energies beyond the 14 TeV limit of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Using recently predicted and measured high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrino fluxes from IceCube and KM3NeT, we estimate mass-scale sensitivities for representative new physics scenarios at 1--30 km$^3$ L$ν$Cs. Our results demonstrate that L$ν$Cs provide a novel avenue to probe multi-TeV particles with sensitivities comparable to, or even surpassing, those of the LHC.

Bai, Yang [Wisconsin U., Madison; Argonne]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Learning to Trigger: Reinforcement Learning at the Large Hadron Collider

High-throughput scientific facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider depend on real-time event filtering (\textit{triggering}) under tight constraints on bandwidth, latency, and storage. In practice, trigger menus are largely static and hand-tuned and can become suboptimal as detector conditions, pileup, and background composition drift over time. We cast online threshold tuning as a sequential decision-making problem: a reinforcement learning agent ingests streaming summaries of recent rates and signal-sensitive features and updates trigger thresholds to maximize signal efficiency while tracking a target background rate within a tolerance band. We adapt Group-Filtered Policy Optimization (GFPO) to streaming control and introduce two variants (GFPO-F, GFPO-FR) that enforce background rate feasibility during training. On a benchmark that emulates realistic collider operation, we study two representative triggers: a total transverse energy ($H_{T}$) trigger sensitive to pileup variation, and an anomaly-detection (AD) trigger based on reconstruction loss for rare or non-standard signatures. On Monte Carlo streams, our agent increases the fraction of in-tolerance time intervals by 48% ($H_T$) and 28% (AD), with a cumulative gain of up to 2% in signal efficiency on those in-tolerance intervals. Transferring from simulation to \emph{real} collision data (CMS Run 283408), the same agent, without fine-tuning, achieves a 56% ($H_T$) and 28% (AD) in-tolerance improvement over baselines, with further signal-efficiency gain on both triggers. To our knowledge, this is the \emph{first} demonstration of RL-based trigger control on real Large Hadron Collider collision data. Code is available at https://github.com/Zixind/GFPO_LHC (see repo for details).

Ding, Zixin [Chicago U.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

On-Detector Machine Learning for Beam-Induced Background Rejection at a 10 TeV Muon Collider

A 10 TeV Muon Collider is a compelling candidate for a future energy-frontier facility, offering unprecedented opportunities to explore the fundamental laws of particle physics. Muon decays in the collider ring produce intense beam-induced background (BIB) that can overwhelm detector occupancy and exceed readout bandwidth constraints. We investigate the potential of on-detector Machine Learning for BIB rejection in the vertex detector, exploiting pixel cluster shapes to distinguish background from collision products. We study three classes of lightweight neural-network architectures, and evaluate their implementation feasibility using high-level synthesis. Selected architectures achieve 88 to 90% data reduction at 99% signal efficiency, while requiring hardware resources compatible with potential ASIC implementation. These results demonstrate the potential of performing substantial BIB rejection directly in the pixel readout, providing a strategy for meeting the tracker readout requirements at a future Muon Collider.

Abadjiev, Daniel [Chicago U.]↗