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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Establishing Maximal Core Excess Reactivity Envelope for TREAT Test Vehicle Insertion

The Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) Facility is an air-cooled reactor composed of graphite-urania fuel encapsulated in zirconium alloy canisters and surrounded by ~2 ft (~61 cm) of nuclear grade graphite. The primary role of TREAT is to provide in-pile nuclear-heated safety research via transient testing [1]. The following work represents further analyses building upon previously reported work to support larger volume test vehicles within TREAT [2]. The Broad Use Specimen Transient Experiment Rig (BUSTER) provides ample versatility for numerous transient test concepts. However, future testing and experiment needs will require testing environments of different in-core footprints. The versatility of TREAT allows for the development of variegated core layouts with key limitations emplaced as operational safety temperature restrictions and available core reactivity. The focus of this current effort is to gauge core arrangements for TREAT core loadings to support centralized experimental testing of varying dimensional capacity. The total core excess reactivity (ER) was computed for different arrangements to establish comparison tables that enable ready assessment of core ER available for future experiment concepts. Test vehicle worths would then be necessary to establish available ER to support transient testing requirements and to perform reactor performance and safety calculations [3,4].

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Multi-level Layout Optimization for Efficient Spatio-temporal Queries on ISABELA-compressed Data

The size and scope of cutting-edge scientific simulations are growing much faster than the I/O subsystems of their runtime environments, not only making I/O the primary bottleneck, but also consuming space that pushes the storage capacities of many computing facilities. These problems are exacerbated by the need to perform data-intensive analytics applications, such as querying the dataset by variable and spatio-temporal constraints, for what current database technologies commonly build query indices of size greater than that of the raw data. To help solve these problems, we present a parallel query-processing engine that can handle both range queries and queries with spatio-temporal constraints, on B-spline compressed data with user-controlled accuracy. Our method adapts to widening gaps between computation and I/O performance by querying on compressed metadata separated into bins by variable values, utilizing Hilbert space-filling curves to optimize for spatial constraints and aggregating data access to improve locality of per-bin stored data, reducing the false positive rate and latency bound I/O operations (such as seek) substantially. We show our method to be efficient with respect to storage, computation, and I/O compared to existing database technologies optimized for query processing on scientific data.

Computer Science↗
DOE OSTI2025

Data Structure Alchemy

In an increasingly more data-driven world, the project set out to uncover the first principles of data-structure design, chart the immense design space they form, and build automation that can synthesize an optimal structure, or even a whole storage engine, for any given workload, hardware platform, and cost target. Data structures are at the center of every computational system and are directly responsible for its performance. Two core technical thrusts were defined: 1) Mapping design spaces for key data-centric abstractions (filters, hash functions, storage-engine layouts, neural-network topologies, blockchain protocols, image layouts, etc.). 2) Developing search & synthesis algorithms, initially analytical cost models, later neural-guided bi-level optimisers that navigate sextillions of candidate designs in seconds and materialise the best one as ready‐to-run code. This report distills the key insights, accomplishments, and impact.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS2002

The StarLight Space Interferometer: Optical design and performance modeling

The StarLight mission aimed to place the first formation flying optical interferometer into space in year 2006. Utilizing two spacecraft to form a long baseline Michelson interferometer, it would measure white light fringes on a number of partially resolved stars of magnitudes >5 in the wavelength range 600 to 1000nm. The interferometer baseline is variable between 30 and 125 m, and also has a fixed 1 m mode. The spacecraft are flown in a parabolic geometry which requires an optical delay line to build up more than 14m of delay on one arm of the interferometer. To obtain high fringe visibility, starlight wavefront, pointing and intensity must be preserved through 22 reflections from mirrors and beamsplitters. The alignment of a total of 27 optics is maintained through careful thermal design and the use of two actuated mirrors on each arm. This paper describes the optical layout in depth, including the beam combiner design which allows star tracking, optical system alignment and fringe formation on a single CCD. The effects of diffraction of the starlight transferred from a distant spacecraft and from optical surface imperfections are modeled. Other contributors to the visibility budget and the resulting variation of fringe visibility across the focal plane are discussed .

StarLight↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thermal analysis to determine acceptable package loading and spatial configurations of high-heat-generating wastes - 15411

The inventory of radioactive materials planned for geological disposal in the UK is diverse. This inventory includes a range of high-heat-generating wastes and other radioactive materials not currently declared as waste including some spent nuclear fuel and separated uranium and plutonium. To ensure that safe disposal solutions can be developed, it will be necessary to understand the influence of this heat on engineered barrier systems for the range of generic disposal concepts being considered in the UK. For these reasons, Radioactive Waste Management Limited has established a dedicated project to enhance understanding of the factors affecting geological disposal of high-heat-generating wastes with a view to supporting future decision making and concept selection. One of the priority areas to be addressed within the High-heat-generating Waste Project (Project Ankhiale) concerns the effect of heat on the engineered barrier systems. The core focus of the work is to identify the thermal constraints on specific outline conceptual designs, building upon the findings of other work activities aimed at understanding the influence of heat on buffer materials. The constraints on the design relate to important features of the engineered barrier system and parameters such as waste package loading, package dimensions and package spacing. Work is underway to identify an acceptable range of designs and parameters for waste package disposal concepts and layout of the GDF. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1994

Simulation in a dynamic prototyping environment: Petri nets or rules?

An evaluation of a prototyped user interface is best supported by a simulation of the system. A simulation allows for dynamic evaluation of the interface rather than just a static evaluation of the screen's appearance. This allows potential users to evaluate both the look (in terms of the screen layout, color, objects, etc.) and feel (in terms of operations and actions which need to be performed) of a system's interface. Because of the need to provide dynamic evaluation of an interface, there must be support for producing active simulations. The high-fidelity training simulators are delivered too late to be effectively used in prototyping the displays. Therefore, it is important to build a low fidelity simulator, so that the iterative cycle of refining the human computer interface based upon a user's interactions can proceed early in software development.

Moore, Loretta A.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Low SWaP Onboard Satellite Navigation, Guidance, and Control Technology

Onboard autonomy is a necessity for responsive space operations. Autonomous navigation, guidance, and control (NGC) enables space missions to reduce their dependence on high demand ground assets and costly ground personnel. It also allows for in-situ decision making and higher return on mission data. A flight software and hardware system providing this capability, called “autoNGC,” is currently being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for infusion into multiple future missions. The first build of autoNGC, providing autonomous navigation for lunar orbiting spacecraft, is targeted for completion by Fall 2024. It provides sensor fusion of multiple measurement types including pseudo-range from a weak signal Global Navigation Satellite Service (GNSS) receiver, 1-way and 2-way direct to Earth (DTE) range and Doppler, bearing and range from optical camera sensed images, and an accelerometer. AutoNGC is also being targeted for future missions that involve small body proximity operations, Sun Earth Libration point orbits, and distributed systems missions (DSMs) including those at outer planets. AutoNGC flight software is being built upon the plug-and-play architecture of the core Flight System (cFS) [Ref. 1]. Figure (Slide 7) shows the message-based software bus layout of various software applications (“apps”) consisting of the standard cFS apps and autoNGC interface apps and libraries. Accurate onboard navigation and timing is obtained through the Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS) software library [Ref. 2], which fuses different measurement types through an extended Kalman filter (EKF) framework. Optical measurements that are ingested in GEONS are provided by the cFS Goddard Image Analysis and Navigation Tool (cGIANT) app [Ref. 3]. This app processes optical images to extract the bearing angles of the centroid of the imaged body (near or far), the range to the imaged body, and/or of the features on the surface of a body to perform terrain relative navigation (TRN). Measurement of range to the body’s center of mass can also be derived from the detection of the limb. The first build of autoNGC for a lunar orbiting spacecraft is a minimal size, weight, and power (SWaP) hardware design allowing for inclusion into CubeSats and SmallSat-size class buses. Advancements in miniaturized space processors, such as the SpaceCube 3.0 Mini and the SpaceCube Mini-Z [Ref. 4] are utilized for low SWaP while maintaining a high level of performance. Figure (Slide 11) shows the composition of the first autoNGC build. The current enclosure design has dimensions 12 cm x 17 cm x 13.5 cm. The box mass is expected to be less than 2 kg, and the nominal power is 21 W. The hardware interfaces are designed for flexibility with a variety of sensor inputs. The achievable navigation performance depends on the sensors utilized, including the onboard clock for 1-way pseudo-range measurements. Analysis using a configuration that consists of weak signal GPS, TRN, and 1-way DTE has shown position and velocity accuracies of 10 meters and 2 cm/s (3-σ ) RSS, respectively, with onboard time knowledge estimated to better than 13 ns (3-σ ), for a spacecraft in a representative 12-hour eccentric lunar orbit. Other measurement types such as x-rays from known pulsars (called XNAV) and cross-links can also be processed in GEONS. With the plug-and-play architecture of autoNGC, cFS apps can easily be added and replaced, even after launch. Goddard is actively seeking partners to collaborate in the development of additional capabilities for autoNGC, including industry, academia, and others across the US Government. Plans are being formulated to make the autoNGC software platform available for use by any US government organization to leverage the non-recurring engineering associated with the development of onboard autonomous NGC 3 capabilities. As advancements in space qualified sensors, microprocessors, and algorithms are made, the autoNGC platform provides a ready starting point for inclusion of these technologies.

C. J. Gramling↗
NASA NTRS1994

Simulation in a dynamic prototyping environment: Petri nets or rules?

An evaluation of a prototyped user interface is best supported by a simulation of the system. A simulation allows for dynamic evaluation of the interface rather than just a static evaluation of the screen's appearance. This allows potential users to evaluate both the look (in terms of the screen layout, color, objects, etc.) and feel (in terms of operations and actions which need to be performed) of a system's interface. Because of the need to provide dynamic evaluation of an interface, there must be support for producing active simulations. The high-fidelity training simulators are normally delivered too late to be effectively used in prototyping the displays. Therefore, it is important to build a low fidelity simulator, so that the iterative cycle of refining the human computer interface based upon a user's interactions can proceed early in software development.

Moore, Loretta A.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Vibro-Acoustic Response of Buildings Due to Sonic Boom Exposure: July 2007 Field Test

During the month of July 2007, a series of structural response measurements were made on a house on Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) property that was exposed to sonic booms of various amplitudes. The purpose of this report is to document the measurements that were made, the structure on which they were made, the conditions under which they were made, the sensors and other hardware that were used, and the data that were collected. To that end, Chapter 2 documents the house, its location, the physical layout of the house, the surrounding area, and summarizes the transducers placed in and around the house. Chapter 3 details the sensors and other hardware that were placed in the house during the experiment. In addition, day-to-day variations of hardware configurations and transducer calibrations are documented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 documents the boom generation process, flight conditions, and ambient weather conditions during the test days. Chapter 5 includes information about sub-experiments that were performed to characterize the vibro-acoustic response of the structure, the acoustic environment inside the house, and the acoustic environment outside the house. Chapter 6 documents the data format and presents examples of reduced data that were collected during the test days.

Klos, Jacob↗
NASA NTRS2012

XHAB 2012 Final Report Habitat Demonstration Unit Lite

The University of Maryland Space Systems Laboratory (SSL) was awarded a NASA X-Hab 2012 grant for the design and construction of a new Earth analogue habitat for habitability research. This work builds on the past ECLIPSE and X-Hab projects at the SSL, by combining these elements with a new habitat module in order to create a single research platform for habitability studies. The “Crew Habitat Evaluator for Long-duration Orbital, Near-earth, and Interplanetary Applications” (CHELONIA) will deliver a much more flexible architecture than the previously developed mock-ups, allowing facilitating faster modification of the interior layouts and available total volume. This will enable the investigators to evaluate crew assessments and task performance as a function of the interior layout, functional area allocation and total available volume. This paper documents the design of this new infrastructure, and includes the details of the manufacturing of a new habitat mock-up module and modifications to the existing elements. The paper also includes a brief discussion of possible future research goals. Initial layouts are implemented using foam-core volumetric mock-ups for internal equipment and outfitting. These low fidelity mock-ups constitute a “library” that will allow a very rapid evaluation of a multitude of layouts. CHELONIA is also suitable for higher fidelity functional mock-ups, as well as short to medium-duration mission simulations. This new facility will enable the examination of habitat layouts for both partial gravity and microgravity environments. While partial gravity systems will be easily evaluated with the habitat currently in development, microgravity subsystems will be studied by utilizing low fidelity volumetric neutral buoyancy mock-ups in order to determine if commonality in the design for these two environments is appropriate. Finally, this new facility is being integrated into the SSL Moonyard planetary surface simulation center. The Moonyard simulates a planetary surface by means of a large sandbox, and is used primarily for rover field trials and suit systems evaluation. This new facility will be a prime element in future Earth analog simulations at the University of Maryland in support of NASA exploration objectives.

Kevin Davis↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-G-JeP1-13: Innovative Tracking Detector for Dose Monitoring in Hadron Therapy: Realization and Monte Carlo Simulations

Purpose: Development of strategies to monitor range uncertainties is necessary to improve treatment planning in Charged Particle Therapy (CPT) and fully exploit the advantages of ion beams. Our group developed (within the framework of the INSIDE project funded by the Italian research ministry) and is currently building a compact detector Dose Profiler (DP) able to backtrack charged secondary particles produced in the patient during the irradiation. Furthermore we are studying monitoring strategy exploiting charged secondary emission profiles to control the range of the ion beam. Methods: This contribution reports on the DP detector design and construction status. The detector consists of a charged secondary tracker composed of scintillating fiber layers and a LYSO calorimeter for particles energy measurement.The detector layout has been optimized using the FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) simulation software. The simulation of a 220 MeV Carbon beam impinging on a PMMA target has been performed to study the detector response, exploiting previous secondary radiation measurements performed by our group. The emission profile of charged secondary particles was reconstructed backtracking the particles to their generation point to benchmark the DP performances. Results: The DP construction status, including the technological details will be presented. The feasibility of range monitoring with DP will be demonstrated by means of MC studies. The correlation of the charged secondary particles emission shape with the position of the Bragg peak (BP) will be shown, as well as the spatial resolution achievable on the BP position estimation (less than 3 mm) in the clinical like conditions. Conclusion: The simulation studies supported the feasibility of an accurate range monitoring technique exploiting the use of charged secondary fragments emitted during the particle therapy treatment. The DP experimental tests are foreseen in 2016, at CNAO particle therapy center in Pavia.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

CFDbuilder

Computational Fluid Dynamics is an important area in scientific computing where, despite the use of multi-threading, obtaining good performance at each core is still extremely challenging. The challenges are primarily due to memory bandwidth limitations and difficulties in using short SIMD engines effectively. One strategy to improve in-core performance involves using a hierarchical data layout made of small cubical structures of the problem states that can fit well in the cache hierarchy. Even for such a hierarchical data layout, finite-differencing equations can be easily expressed but at the expense of some inefficiency. The transformations to overcome the inefficiencies are highly tedious and error-prone. Therefore, we built a source-to-source translator called CFDbuilder to automate the transformations using directives. We see up to 6.92x performance improvement with one of our advection codes using such an approach. We believe such an approach could enable library and application writers to build efficient CFD libraries.

Lin, Pei-Hung↗
DOE OSTI2025

Serpentine Magnet Designs for the Interaction Region of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC)

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), hosted by Brookhaven National Laboratory, is designed to deliver a peak luminosity of 1 × 10 34 cm −2 sec −1 . The interaction region (IR) of the EIC imposes several constraints in terms of field quality, aperture, and spatial layout, which necessitates the development of several unique superconducting serpentine direct wind magnets. These magnets are constructed using either a single strand or a small-diameter 6-around-1 NbTi cable, presenting unique challenges for design and optimization. This paper introduces a new computational code specifically developed to streamline and integrate the design process for these magnets, enabling faster design iterations while addressing their complex requirements. Here, in this paper, we first introduce the code, which builds on established electromagnetic fundamentals. The code incorporates tools for optimizing winding patterns and for correcting magnetic multipoles; additionally, it interfaces with established magnet design software. We also present the design of several serpentine magnets for the EIC IR, demonstrating the code’s capability to deliver precise and efficient solutions. These designs highlight the code’s ability to accelerate the development cycle, ensuring the serpentine magnets meet the demanding specifications of the EIC project.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2020

Feasibility Study of SDAS Instrumentation's Ability to Identify Mobile Launcher (ML)/Crawler-Transporter (CT) Modes During Rollout Operations

The Space Launch System (SLS) and its Mobile Launcher (ML) will be transported to the launch pad via the Crawler-Transporter (CT) system. Rollout (i.e., transportation) loads produce structural loads on the integrated SLS/Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) launch vehicle which are of a concern with respect to fatigue. As part of the risk reduction process and in addition to the modal building block test approach that has been adopted by the SLS Program, acceleration data will be obtained during rollout for use in modal parameter estimation. There are several occurrences where the ML/CT will be transported either into the Vertical Assembly Building (VAB) or to the launch pad and back without the SLS stack as part of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) Integrated Test and Checkout (ITCO). NASA KSC EGS has instrumentation installed on both the ML and CT to record data during rollout, at the launch pad, and during liftoff. The EGS instrumentation on the ML, which includes accelerometers, is referred to as the Sensor Data Acquisition System (SDAS). The EGS instrumentation on the CT, which also includes accelerometers, is referred to as the CT Data Acquisition System (CTDAS). The forces and accelerations applied to the ML and CT during a rollout event will be higher than any of the planned building block modal tests. This can be very beneficial in helping identify nonlinear behavior in the structure. Developing modal parameters from the same test hardware in multiple boundary conditions and under multiple levels of excitation is a key step in developing a well correlated FEM. The purpose of this study was three fold. First, determine the target modes of the ML/CT in its rollout configuration. Second, determine if the test degrees of freedom (DOF) corresponding to the layout of the SDAS/CTDAS accelerometers (i.e. position and orientation) is sufficient to identify the target modes. Third, determine if the Generic Rollout Forcing Functions (GRFF's) is sufficient for identifying the ML/CT target modes accounting for variations in CT speed, modal damping, and sensor/ambient background noise levels. The finding from the first part of this study identified 28 target modes of the ML/CT rollout configuration based upon Modal Effective Mass Fractions (MEFF) and engineering judgement. The finding from the second part of this study showed that the SDAS/CTDAS accelerometers (i.e. position and orientation) are able to identify a sufficient number of the target modes to support model correlation of the ML/CT FEM. The finding from the third part of this study confirms the GRFFs sufficiently excite the ML/CT such that varying quantities of the defined target modes should be able to be extracted when utilizing an Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) analysis approach. An EMA analysis approach was used because Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) tools were not available and the GRFFs were sufficiently uncorrelated. Two key findings from this third part of the study are that the CT speed does not show a significant impact on the ability to extract the modal parameters and that keeping the ambient background noise observed at each accelerometer location at or below 30 µgrms is essential to the success of this approach.

Winkel, James P.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Active vibration damping using smart material

We consider the modeling and active damping of an elastic beam using distributed actuators and sensors. The piezoelectric ceramic material (PZT) is used to build the actuator. The sensor is made of the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). These materials are glued on both sides of the beam. For the simple clamped beam, the closed loop controller has been shown to be able to extract energy from the beam. The shape of the actuator and its influence on the closed loop system performance are discussed. It is shown that it is possible to suppress the selected mode by choosing the appropriate actuator layout. It is also shown that by properly installing the sensor and determining the sensor shape we can further extract and manipulate the sensor signal for our control need.

Baras, John S.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design, Optimization, and Validation of GaN-Based DAB Converter for Active Cell Balancing in BTMS Applications: Preprint

This paper focuses on the design of a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter that utilizes Gallium Nitride (GaN) switches as active components. In the existing literature, MOSFET-based DAB for active cell balancing is available, but GaN-based DAB converter for active cell balancing is still new. The proposed modular isolated GaN-based DAB converter is designed as an individual module of active cell balancing for behind-the-meter storage (BTMS) applications, targeting high-power charging stations. Modular isolated converters are connected to each cell (low voltage bus), and each cell is connected in series to build up a battery module. According to the reference current command of supervisory control, each DAB converter can transfer power back and forth through the high voltage (HV) bus to balance the State of Charge (SoC) between the cells. Each module DAB converter is designed at a 50W power rating. Switch power and transformer losses are analyzed for different switching frequencies, showing the optimum switching frequency for minimum losses. Furthermore, the procedure to select the required gate driver and the PCB layout optimization are discussed. Finally, the DAB performance analysis of GaNbased DAB and Si-based DAB is provided for a battery module operating with a LiFeMnPO4 prismatic cell with 3.2V 20Ah rated values.

active cell balancing↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design, Optimization, and Validation of GaN-Based DAB Converter for Active Cell Balancing in BTMS Applications

This paper focuses on the design of a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter that utilizes Gallium Nitride (GaN) switches as active components. In the existing literature, MOSFET-based DAB for active cell balancing is available, but GaN-based DAB converter for active cell balancing is still new. The proposed modular isolated GaN-based DAB converter is designed as an individual module of active cell balancing for behind-the-meter storage (BTMS) applications, targeting high-power charging stations. Modular isolated converters are connected to each cell (low voltage bus), and each cell is connected in series to build up a battery module. According to the reference current command of supervisory control, each DAB converter can transfer power back and forth through the high voltage (HV) bus to balance the State of Charge (SoC) between the cells. Each module DAB converter is designed at a 50 W power rating. Switch power and transformer losses are analyzed for different switching frequencies, showing the optimum switching frequency for minimum losses. Furthermore, the procedure to select the required gate driver and the PCB layout optimization are discussed. Finally, the DAB performance analysis of GaN-based DAB and Si-based DAB is provided for a battery module operating with a LiFeMnPO4 prismatic cell with 3.2V 20Ah rated values.

active cell balancing↗
NASA NTRS2017

One Giant Leap to Protect All Mankind: An Overview of the Lunar Receiving Laboratory

Motivation. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy charged the nation "to land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth." Eight years later, the Apollo 11 astronauts splashed down in the Pacific Ocean after this first 8-day journey to the moon. As humans had never ventured to another extraterrestrial body, the U.S. government noted the great uncertainty associated with the unknown exposures related to this historic mission. Overview. With this uncertainty in mind, a newly formed Interagency Committee on Back Contamination (ICBC) was established to review the potential for lunar contaminants and establish the prevention of their escape into the biosphere during crew and sample recovery operations from the floating command module to the mobile quarantine facility on the recovery ship and return to the Johnson Space Center. Significance. As a result of the ICBC recommendations, in 1966 NASA planned and built the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. The LRL served a great role in service of human space exploration to quarantine Apollo crewmembers, their space vehicles, and the lunar samples collected. Almost an afterthought in the space race to the Moon, the 83,000-square-foot LRL was designed and completed in 1967 for $7.8 million. The core purpose of the LRL was "to protect the public's health, agriculture, and other living resources; to provide lunar sample distribution to approved scientific investigators; and to preserve the scientific integrity of the lunar samples at all times." Its layout was comprised of three major zones: a quarantined Crew Area, a separate but also quarantined Sample Operations Area, and a Support and Administration Area outside the controlled biological barrier. This facility required trained personnel to live and perform within it for several weeks post-flight, to include astronaut crewmembers, flight surgeons, scientists, and vehicle recovery engineers. The LRL holds memories of these historic events but has since been repurposed for NASA's medical and environmental sciences activities, in what is now known as Building 37. As we approach its 50th anniversary, the LRL story will end in demolition as NASA advances its facilities for the next steps in human exploration of space. Learning Objectives: 1. To capture the historical relevance of the NASA Lunar Receiving Laboratory 2. To understand the requirements of receiving crew and samples from the moon for the first time 3. To describe the facility capabilities in protection of public health.

Hayes, Judith↗