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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Congenital blindness does not protect against a schizophrenia-related phenotype in rodents
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Performance of Continuous Emission Monitoring Solutions under a Single-Blind Controlled Testing Protocol
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Assessing the Progress of the Performance of Continuous Monitoring Solutions under a Single-Blind Controlled Testing Protocol
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Illuminating a blind spot in SARS-CoV-2 immunity
Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, but are rarely studied. Here an investigation of the immune response of Australian First Nations people to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection shows a major effect of comorbidities.
RNA-Puzzles Round V: blind predictions of 23 RNA structures
RNA-Puzzles is a collective endeavor dedicated to the advancement and improvement of RNA three-dimensional structure prediction. With agreement from structural biologists, RNA structures are predicted by modeling groups before publication of the experimental structures. We report a large-scale set of predictions by 18 groups for 23 RNA-Puzzles: 4 RNA elements, 2 Aptamers, 4 Viral elements, 5 Ribozymes and 8 Riboswitches. We describe automatic assessment protocols for comparisons between prediction and experiment. Our analyses reveal some critical steps to be overcome to achieve good accuracy in modeling RNA structures: identification of helix-forming pairs and of non-Watson–Crick modules, correct coaxial stacking between helices and avoidance of entanglements. Three of the top four modeling groups in this round also ranked among the top four in the CASP15 contest.
Blind Benchmark Exercise for Spent Nuclear Fuel Decay Heat
The decay heat rate of five spent nuclear fuel assemblies of the pressurized water reactor type were measured by calorimetry at the interim storage for spent nuclear fuel in Sweden. Calculations of the decay heat rate of the five assemblies were performed by 20 organizations using different codes and nuclear data libraries resulting in 31 results for each assembly, spanning most of the current state-of-the-art practice. The calculations were based on a selected subset of information, such as reactor operating history and fuel assembly properties. The relative difference between the measured and average calculated decay heat rate ranged from 0.6% to 3.3% for the five assemblies. The standard deviation of these relative differences ranged from 1.9% to 2.4%.
Status of CME Search Before Isobar Collisions and Methods of Blind Analysis From STAR
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The unseen: revealing the blind production procedure and experience for NP data
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Recursive Blind Forecasting of Photovoltaic Generation and Consumer Load for Microgrids
Existing forecasting frameworks that predict time-series photovoltaic (PV) generation and consumer load for micro-grids' operation and control assume near-continuous availability of real-time predictors from the field. The incoming data are used to periodically re-train the models and update forecast snapshots over a moving horizon window. However, such frameworks are not resilient to disruptions in data availability caused by losses in communications between the field sensors and data loggers. This paper bridges the shortcoming by leveraging a previously proposed forecasting framework that is resilient to abrupt changes in data quality caused by communication losses. Assuming no availability of real-time field system data, which is typical in extreme weather events such as hurricanes, the framework uses lightweight recursive time-series models to independently forecast solar irradiance, ambient temperature, PV power, and consumer load for three horizon windows: 24 hours, 12 hours, and 1 hour. Four types of ensemble-based regression trees-simple gradient boosted trees (GBR), GBR with an adaptive component (A-GBR), random forests (RF), and extra trees (ExTR)-are leveraged and their performances are compared against a simple historical weekly mean. Numerical results show that A-GBR performs better on average by 32% for 24-hour horizon and 39% for 12-hour horizon, whereas ExTR outdoes the other models on average by 10% for 1-hour horizon.
Investigation of AlGaN-Delta–GaN-Based UV Photodiodes in a Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Configuration for Efficient and Fast Solar Blind UV Sensing
Metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) configured UV photodiodes (PD’s) were designed and fabricated on an AlGaN/GaN–based substrate for efficient and ultrafast UV detection. The purpose was to investigate the feasibility of obtaining efficient and ultrafast temporal response from these devices in the UV given the challenges associated with the formation of Schottky contacts on laterally oriented AlGaN/GaN thin films. Two sets of devices were implemented using Pt and Au as metal contacts with 5-µm finger width, 5-µm finger spacing, and a 50-µm x 50-µm active area. Spectral and voltage bias studies were done to establish the spectral profile and the effect of bias voltage on the responsivity of the detectors at 265 nm. Here, the best vertical MSM PD’s produced 0.6-A/W responsivity under 10-V bias voltage at 265 nm. Peak spectral responsivities were recorded as 1.35 A/W and 1.25 A/W at 240 nm for Pt and Au PD’s, respectively.
Pleural homocysteine for malignant pleural effusion: A prospective and double‐blind diagnostic test accuracy study
Abstract Objective To assess the accuracy of pleural fluid homocysteine for discriminating malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and benign pleural effusion (BPE). Methods A total of 194 patients from two cohorts (Hohhot and Changshu) with undiagnosed pleural effusion were prospectively enrolled. Their pleural homocysteine was measured, and its diagnostic accuracy and net benefit for MPE were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis, respectively. Results In the Hohhot cohort ( n = 136) and the Changshu cohort ( n = 58), MPE patients had significantly higher homocysteine levels than BPE patients. The areas under the ROC curves of homocysteine for the diagnosis of MPE were 0.61 ( p = 0.027) and 0.59 ( p = 0.247), respectively. The decision curves of homocysteine were close to the reference line in both the Hohhot cohort and the Changshu cohort. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid homocysteine for MPE was low.
Exploration for Blind Geothermal Resources in the State of Hawaii Utilizing Dissolved Noble Gasses in Well Waters
This study is an extension of the Hawaii Play Fairway Analysis (PFA), a statewide geothermal exploration project funded by the United States Department of Energy. Based on results from prior phases of the PFA, this project targeted 66 wells on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Lanai, Oahu, and Kauai for sampling of dissolved noble gases, trace metals, common ions, and the stable isotopes 2H and 18O. Ultimately, 23 of the 66 well targets were sampled. The noble gas helium is used as an indicator of geothermal heat when excess 3He and/or 4He is present when compared to the atmospheric ratio of those isotopes (R/Ra). R/Ra is minimally affected by dilution and transport, allowing even those wells not perfectly situated over a geothermal system to indicate a geothermal anomaly. R/Ra anomalies are present on every island in this study. There is a strong correlation between R/Ra anomalies and proximity to rift zones and calderas. Across the islands R/Ra ranged from 15-16 on Kilauea's lower east rift zone, which is a mantle plume value, to 0.37 on Lanai, which is a crustal value. The majority of anomalous well samples had R/Ra values consistent with an upper mantle source. Mixing between upper mantle and crustal helium is evident on all islands. Geographically, R/Ra decreases from the high at Kilauea to upper mantle values at Mauna Loa, and remains at upper mantle values for all wells across the other volcanoes, with the exception of two of four sampled wells on Lanai.
Blind Modeling Validation Exercises Using the Horizontal Dry Cask Simulator.
Abstract not provided.
Experiment Logistics for an International Blind Intercomparison Exercise for Nuclear Accident Dosimetry at Godiva-IV
This document is the Experimental Set-up and Design (CED-3A) Report for IER-538, “Full Dosimetry Exercise Around Godiva Reactors” The report discusses the structure of the exercise consisting of two critical excursions, identifying the participating laboratories and their points of contact. The report also includes details of all dosimetry each laboratory will submit to be placed in proximity to Godiva-IV on aluminum plates or BOMAB phantoms. Each laboratory list the counting and spectroscopy equipment to be utilized at the LLNL NAD Laboratory in Mercury. The exercise is tentatively scheduled for one week in fiscal year 2022.