Development of a Climatology of Vertically Complete Wind Profiles from Doppler Radar Wind Profiler Systems
No abstract available
Barbre, B. J.↗
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Results for “Wind system”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A Comparison of Boundary Layer Wind Profiling Systems for Use with Space Launch Vehicles
No abstract available
Orcutt, John M.↗
A brief summary of the attempts to develop large wind-electric generating systems in the U.S.
Interest in developing large wind-electric generating systems in the United States was stimulated primarily by one man, Palmer C. Putnam. He was responsible for the construction of the largest wind-power system ever built - the 1250 kilowatt Smith-Putnam wind-electric plant. The existence of this system prompted the U.S. Federal Power Commission to investigate the potential of using the winds as a source energy. Also, in 1933 prior to Putnam's effort, there was an abortive attempt by J. D. Madaras to develop a wind system based on the Magnus effect. These three projects comprise the only serious efforts in America to develop large wind driven plants. In this paper, the history of each project is briefly described. Also discussed are some of the reasons why wind energy was not seriously considered as a major source of energy for the U.S.
Savino, J. M.↗
Soil moisture gradients strengthen mesoscale convective systems by increasing wind shear
Mesoscale convective systems are a class of storm linked to extensive flooding and other destructive hazards in many regions globally. In West Africa, soil moisture impacts provide a valuable source of predictability for mature storm hazards, but little is known about mature storm sensitivity to soil moisture in other climatic regions. Here we use a storm track dataset, satellite observations and reanalysis fields to investigate the response of mature storms to soil moisture in seven global storm hotspots—West Africa, India, South America, South Africa, Australia and the United States Great Plains. We demonstrate that mesoscale soil moisture gradients (~500 km) can enhance storms by driving increased vertical wind shear conditions, a crucial ingredient for storm organization, through the strengthening of atmospheric temperature gradients. This is evidenced by a 10–30% increase in precipitation feature size and rainfall for the largest storms on days with favourable soil moisture gradients compared with unfavourable gradients. Global simulations confirm that soil moisture gradients influence wind shear. The results demonstrate the importance of soil moisture feedbacks for accurate forecasting of mesoscale convective systems and future projections of extreme events under climate change.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Distributed Wind Hybrid Energy Systems for Rural Applications
Distributed-wind-based hybrid energy systems can smooth the power output from renewable energy resources. The number of these systems is growing because of their ability to contribute to local energy and resilience needs. Distributed wind hybrid systems offer major benefits for industrial loads, including enhanced energy reliability, cost efficiency, and sustainability. This fact sheet describes those benefits and considerations in detail.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Performance and Feasibility Analysis of a Wind Turbine Power System for Use on Mars
A wind turbine power system for future missions to the Martian surface was studied for performance and feasibility. A C++ program was developed from existing FORTRAN code to analyze the power capabilities of wind turbines under different environments and design philosophies. Power output, efficiency, torque, thrust, and other performance criteria could be computed given design geometries, atmospheric conditions, and airfoil behavior. After reviewing performance of such a wind turbine, a conceptual system design was modeled to evaluate feasibility. More analysis code was developed to study and optimize the overall structural design. Findings of this preliminary study show that turbine power output on Mars could be as high as several hundred kilowatts. The optimized conceptual design examined here would have a power output of 104 kW, total mass of 1910 kg, and specific power of 54.6 W/kg.
Lichter, Matthew D.↗
Design and evaluation of low-cost stainless steel fiberglass foam blades for large wind driven generating systems
A low cost wind turbine blade based on a stainless steel fiberglass foam Budd blade design concept, was evaluated for its principle characteristics, low cost features, and its advantages and disadvantages. A blade structure was designed and construction methods and materials were selected. A complete blade tooling concepts, various technical and economic analysis, and evaluations of the blade design were performed. A comprehensive fatigue test program is conducted to provide data to verify the design stress allowables.
Eggert, W. S.↗
Hardening Doppler Global Velocimetry Systems for Large Wind Tunnel Applications
The development of Doppler Global Velocimetry from a laboratory curiosity to a wind tunnel instrumentation system is discussed. This development includes system advancements from a single velocity component to simultaneous three components, and from a steady state to instantaneous measurement. Improvements to system control and stability are discussed along with solutions to real world problems encountered in the wind tunnel. This on-going development program follows the cyclic evolution of understanding the physics of the technology, development of solutions, laboratory and wind tunnel testing, and reevaluation of the physics based on the test results.
Meyers, James F.↗
A brief summary of the attempts to develop large wind-electric generating systems in the US
Interest in developing large wind-electric generating systems in the United States was simulated primarily by one man, Palmer C. Putnam. He was responsible for the construction of the 1250 kilowatt Smith-Putnam wind-electric plant. The existence of this system prompted the U. S. Federal Power Commission to investigate the potential of using the winds as a source energy. Also, in 1933 prior to Putnam's effort, there was an abortive attempt by J. D. Madaras to develop a wind system based on the Magnus effect. These three projects comprise the only serious efforts in America to develop large wind driven plants. In this paper the history of each project is briefly described. Also discussed are some of the reasons why wind energy was not seriously considered as a major source of energy for the U. S.
Savino, J. M.↗
Remote, PCM-controlled, multi-channel radio frequency FM telemetry system for cryogenic wind tunnel application
A telemetry system used in the NASA-Langley cryogenic transonic wind tunnel to obtain rotational strain and temperature data is described. The system consists of four FM transmitters allowing for a remotely controlled PCM combination. A rotating four-contact mercury slip-ring is used as an interface between the fixed and rotating mechnical structures. Over 60 channels of data on the main fan disk and blade structures have been obtained. These data are studied to verify computer predictions and mechanical life. A series of block diagrams are included.
Diamond, John K.↗
SIMWEST - A simulation model for wind energy storage systems
This paper describes a comprehensive and efficient computer program for the modeling of wind energy systems with storage. The level of detail of SIMWEST (SImulation Model for Wind Energy STorage) is consistent with evaluating the economic feasibility as well as the general performance of wind energy systems with energy storage options. The software package consists of two basic programs and a library of system, environmental, and control components. The first program is a precompiler which allows the library components to be put together in building block form. The second program performs the technoeconomic system analysis with the required input/output, and the integration of system dynamics. An example of the application of the SIMWEST program to a current 100 kW wind energy storage system is given.
Edsinger, R. W.↗
A simulation model for wind energy storage systems. Volume 2: Operation manual
A comprehensive computer program (SIMWEST) developed for the modeling of wind energy/storage systems utilizing any combination of five types of storage (pumped hydro, battery, thermal, flywheel, and pneumatic) is described. Features of the program include: a precompiler which generates computer models (in FORTRAN) of complex wind source/storage/application systems, from user specifications using the respective library components; a program which provides the techno-economic system analysis with the respective I/O the integration of system dynamics, and the iteration for conveyance of variables; and capability to evaluate economic feasibility as well as general performance of wind energy systems. The SIMWEST operation manual is presented and the usage of the SIMWEST program and the design of the library components are described. A number of example simulations intended to familiarize the user with the program's operation is given along with a listing of each SIMWEST library subroutine.
Warren, A. W.↗
Data Acquisition and Processing System for Airborne Wind Profiling with a Pulsed, 2-Micron, Coherent-Detection, Doppler Lidar System
A data acquisition and signal processing system is being developed for a 2-micron airborne wind profiling coherent Doppler lidar system. This lidar, called the Doppler Aerosol Wind Lidar (DAWN), is based on a Ho:Tm:LuLiF laser transmitter and 15-cm diameter telescope. It is being packaged for flights onboard the NASA DC-8, with the first flights in the summer of 2010 in support of the NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) campaign for the study of hurricanes. The data acquisition and processing system is housed in a compact PCI chassis and consists of four components such as a digitizer, a digital signal processing (DSP) module, a video controller, and a serial port controller. The data acquisition and processing software (DAPS) is also being developed to control the system including real-time data analysis and display. The system detects an external 10 Hz trigger pulse and initiates the data acquisition and processing process, and displays selected wind profile parameters such as Doppler shift, power distribution, wind directions and velocities. Doppler shift created by aircraft motion is measured by an inertial navigation/GPS sensor and fed to the signal processing system for real-time removal of aircraft effects from wind measurements. A general overview of the system and the DAPS as well as the coherent Doppler lidar system is presented in this paper.
Beyon, J. Y.↗
FAD-Toolset (Floating Array Design Toolset) [SWR-26-056]
The Floating Array Design (FAD) Toolset is a collection of tools for modeling and designing arrays of floating offshore structures. It was originally designed for floating wind systems but has applicability for many offshore applications. A core part of the FAD Toolset is the floating array model, which serves as a high-level library for efficiently modeling a floating array, such as a floating wind array. It combines site condition information and a description of the floating array design, and contains functions for evaluating the array's behavior considering the site conditions. For example, it combines information about site soil conditions, mooring line loads, and an array's anchor characteristics to estimate the holding capacity of each anchor. The library works in conjunction with the tools RAFT, MoorPy, and FLORIS to model floating platforms, wind turbines, mooring systems, power cables, and array wakes respectively. Layered on top of the floating array model is a set of design tools that can be used for algorithmically adjusting or optimizing parts of the a floating array. Specific tools existing for mooring lines, shared mooring systems, dynamic power cables, static power cable routing, and overall array layout. These capabilities work with the design representation and evaluation functions in the floating array model, and they can be applied by users in various combinations to suit different purposes. In addition to standalone uses of the FAD Toolset, a coupling has been made with Ard, (https://github.com/NLRWindSystems/Ard) a sophisticated and flexible wind farm optimization tool. This coupling allows Ard to use certain mooring system capabilities from FAD to perform layout optimization of floating wind farms with Ard's more advanced layout optimization capabilities. The FAD Toolset works with the IEA Wind Task 49 Ontology (https://github.com/IEAWindTask49/Ontology), which provides a standardized format for describing floating wind farm sites and designs. See example use cases in our examples folder (https://github.com/NLRWindSystems/FAD-Toolset/blob/main/examples/README.md) For working with the library, it is important to understand the floating array model structure, which is described more here: https://github.com/NLRWindSystems/FAD-Toolset/blob/main/fad/README.md.
Sirkis, Leah [National Laboratory of the Rockies (↗
Airfoil flutter model suspension system
A wind tunnel suspension system for testing flutter models under various loads and at various angles of attack is described. The invention comprises a mounting bracket assembly affixing the suspension system to the wind tunnel, a drag-link assembly and a compound spring arrangement comprises a plunge spring working in opposition to a compressive spring so as to provide a high stiffness to trim out steady state loads and simultaneously a low stiffness to dynamic loads. By this arrangement an airfoil may be tested for oscillatory response in both plunge and pitch modes while being held under high lifting loads in a wind tunnel.
Reed, Wilmer H.↗
Variable Curvature Pultruded Vertical Axis Wind Blades
XFlow Energy is developing a floating offshore vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) enabling a 70% reduction in the levelized cost of energy compared to floating horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). While the wind industry has historically been successful at lowering the cost of terrestrial wind systems, there are no scalable, economically viable floating wind solutions on the market with the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of current floating offshore solutions is $200/MWh (Musial 2022). Low-cost blade production is one of the key technologies for realizing this target LCOE reduction. The proposed design uses a constant cross-section blade, enabling the use of pultrusion, a continuous, automated, mold-free production method. By employing blades with variable curvature, XFlow can minimize the bending stresses in the blades, allowing for light-weighting. Constant curvature pultrusion has been demonstrated on hollow sections. Variable curvature pultrusion has been demonstrated on solid sections. This project aims to develop a method of variable curvature pultrusion for hollow sections, as required for mass-optimal VAWT blades.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Variable Curvature Pultruded Vertical Axis Wind Blades
XFlow Energy is developing a floating offshore vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) enabling a 70% reduction in the levelized cost of energy compared to floating horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). While the wind industry has historically been successful at lowering the cost of terrestrial wind systems, there are no scalable, economically viable floating wind solutions on the market with the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of current floating offshore solutions is $\$$200/MWh (Musial 2022). Low-cost blade production is one of the key technologies for realizing this target LCOE reduction. The proposed design uses a constant cross-section blade, enabling the use of pultrusion, a continuous, automated, mold-free production method. By employing blades with variable curvature, XFlow can minimize the bending stresses in the blades, allowing for light-weighting. Constant curvature pultrusion has been demonstrated on hollow sections. Variable curvature pultrusion has been demonstrated on solid sections. This project aims to develop a method of variable curvature pultrusion for hollow sections, as required for mass-optimal VAWT blades.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Performance experience with the new jpl wind tunnel data acquisition system
Performance characteristics of data acquisition system for wind tunnel digital data function
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS↗