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At least 145 records · Page 8

Early Precambrian crustal evolution in Eastern India: The ages of the Singhbhum granite and included remnants of older gneiss

Geochronology of samples from the Indian Shield was discussed. New Sm-Nd data was given for the Singhbhum granite, which give model ages (T sub DM of 3.36 to 3.40 Ga, essentially equivalent to ages of included gneissic remnants of the older metamorphic group (OMG) (T sub DM = 3.35 to 3.41 Ga). Lead-lead and Rb-Sr ages of the granite and OMG range between 3.28 to 3.38 Ga. These results are considerably younger than the 3775 + or - 89 Ma Sm-Nd isochron of Basu et al., which Taylor and colleagues interpret as an artifact caused by regressing two suites of unrelated rock samples.

Moorbath, Stephen↗

Initial Sr-87/Sr-86 and Sm-Nd chronology of chondritic meteorites

Isotopic analyses of the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd systems in phosphates from ordinary chondritic meteorites (Bjurbole, Mocs, Menow, Elenovka, Ambapur Nagla, and St. Severin) are presented. The Sm-Nd data yield an isochron of age 4.55 + or - 0.45 Ga and an initial Nd-143/Nd-144 consistent with that of Juvinas. Initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios are characteristically (possibly excepting St. Severin) elevated with respect to BABI or ALL. Considering both presently and previously reported data, elevation of initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios corresponding to metamorphism intervals of the order of 10 to the 8th years seems quite characteristic of chondrites of metamorphic grade 4 or higher. These formation intervals, however, do not correlate with either degree of metamorphism or with I-Xe ages, hence such data for metamorphic chronologies should be interpreted with caution.

Brannon, J. C.↗

Age of eucrite clast from the Bholghati howardite

The age of the 'large' eucrite clast from the Bholghati howardite (described by Reid et al., 1990) was estimated from Ar-39/Ar-40 age data obtained for a portion of this clast. The Ar-39/Ar-40 age and isotopic systematics of the clast are found to be consistent with those of other eucrites and support the assumption of a common parent body for howardites and eucrites. The Ar-39/Ar-40 data and some of the Rb-Sr data show that Bholghati was affected by a major thermal event about 2-3 Ga ago.

Nyqist, L. E.↗

Orientation of late Precambrian sutures in the Arabian-Nubian shield

Recent tectonic models have resulted in conflicting descriptions of how the late Precambrian sutures of the Arabian-Nubian shield extend into northeast Africa. The Hamisana shear zone in northeastern Sudan is critical to this discussion because it truncates and disrupts two sutures, the Allaqi-Heiani and the Onib-Sol Hamed. Analysis of field structural data, Thematic Mapper imagery, and Rb-Sr and U-Pb geochronology suggests that the Allaqi-Heiani suture is the western extension of the Onib-Sol Hamed suture and that both make up the exposed parts of a far-traveled, polydeformed ophiolitic nappe complex. Subsequent deformation localized in the Hamisana shear zone disrupted this nappe and displaced the suture between 660 and 550 Ma during regional deformation associated with the Najd fault system. These results indicate that at least one suture extends westward into the interior of northern Africa.

Stern, Robert J.↗

Correlated study of initial Sr-87/Sr-86 and Al-Mg isotopic systematics and petrologic properties in a suite of refractory inclusions from the Allende meteorite

The abundance and the distribution of Al-26, and the initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios were determined in a suite of six coarse-grained Ca-Al-rich inclusions from the Allende meteorite, using, respectively, petrographic and chemical characterizations and ion-probe mass spectrometric analyses of the Al-Mg isotopic system, and thermal emission spectrometric analyses of the Rb-Sr system. Results establish a firm association between primitive Al-26/Al-27 and primitive Sr-87/Sr-86 found in each of these inclusions. None of the results required interpretation in terms of heterogeneously distributed Al-26.

Podosek, Frank A.↗

Aqueous alteration of the Nakhla meteorite

Interior samples of three different Nakhla specimens contain an iron-rich silicate 'rust' (which includes a tentatively identified smectite), Ca-carbonate (probably calcite), Ca-sulfate (possibly gypsum or bassanite), Mg-sulfate (possibly epsomite or kieserite), and NaCl (halite); the total abundance of these phases is estimated as less than 0.01 weight percent of the bulk meteorite. Rust veins are truncated and decrepitated by fusion crust and are preserved as faulted segments in partially healed olivine crystals, indicating that the rust is preterrestrial in origin. Because Ca-carbonate and Ca-sulfate are intergrown with the rust, they are also indicated to be of preterrestrial origin. Similar textural evidence regarding origins of the NaCl and Mg-sulfate is lacking. Impure and poorly crystallized sulfates and halides on the fusion crust of the meteorite suggest leaching of interior (preterrestrial) salts from the interior after Makhla arrived on earth, but coincidental addition of these same salts by terrestrial contamination cannot be exluded. At least the clay-like silicate 'rust', Ca-carbonate, and Ca-sulfate were formed by precipitation from water-based solutions on the Nakhla parent planet, although temperature and pressure conditions of aqueous precipitation are unconstrained by currently available data. It is possible that aqueous alteration on the parent body was responsible for the previously observed disturbance of the Rb-Sr geochronometer in Nakhla at or near 1.3 Ga.

Gooding, James L.↗

Chondrite chronology by initial Sr-87/Sr-86 in phosphates?

New data are presented on Rb-Sr isotope analyses of phosphates from nine ordinary chondrites, including accurate identification of initial Sr-87/Sr-86. The initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios found in this study were generally significantly higher than the more primitive initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios inferred for carbonaceous chondrite refractory inclusions, basaltic achondrites, or bulk ordinary chondrites. Such elevation of initial Sr-87/Sr-86 is generally considered to reflect isotopic redistribution during metamorphism. However, in this study, no evident correlation was found between the phosphate initial Sr-87/Sr-86 compositions and the metamorphic grade. Two possible alternative hypotheses for high initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios are considered.

Podosek, Frank A.↗

A strontium and neodymium isotopic study of Apollo 17 high-Ti mare basalts - Resolution of ages, evolution of magmas, and origins of source heterogeneities

The geochronological and compositional differences between previously identified magma types (A, B1, B2, and C) were investigated using high-precision Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data for a set of Apollo 17 high-Ti mare basalt samples chosen to span the range of each of the magma types. These data, combined with previously reported geochemical ages, suggest that Apollo 17 volcanism was initially dominated by an eruption of Type B basalts. Data obtained from new whole-rock Sr and Nd isotopic analyses exhibited distinct differences in initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions between Types A, B1, B2, and C basalts and were found to be consistent with existing petrogenetic models.

Paces, James B.↗

Ar-39-Ar-40 of achondrites: Evidence for a lunar-like cataclysm

The observation that the K-Ar, Pb-Pb, and Rb-Sr ages of a significant number of lunar highland rocks were reset in the interval of 4.1-3.8 Ga ago led to the concept of a cataclysmic bombardment of the moon during this period. An important consideration for understanding the early bombardment history of the solar system, including the moon, is whether evidence also exists in meteorites for resetting of radiometric ages by cataclysmic bombardment of their parent bodies. A comparison of Ar-39-Ar-40 ages of achondritic meteorites with ages of lunar highland rocks should help elucidate the nature of the early bombardment of the solar system. We are participating in various consortia studies of primarily Antarctic eucrites and howardites for which we measured Ar-39-Ar-40 ages of various clasts and matrix samples. The results of these studies are presented.

Bogard, D. D.↗

Nd-142/Nd-144 in SNCs and early differentiation of a heterogeneous Martian mantle

Sm/Nd correlated variations in Nd-142/Nd-144 have been observed for mineral phases of achondrites from decay of live Sm-146 in the early solar system. Crystallization ages of shergottites-nakhlites-Chassigny (SNC) meteorites are less than or = 1.3 Ga, so variations of Nd-142/Nd-144 among mineral phases of the SNC's are not expected. However, if SNC's were derived from source reservoirs of differing Sm/Nd ratios, established while Sm-146 was still alive, and which remained isolated except for magma extraction, then variations in Nd-142/Nd-144 would exist among individual SNC meteorites. Rb-Sr and U-Pb isotopic data for the shergottites imply differentiation of their parent planet approximately 4.6 Ga ago. The confirmation of the conclusion that the nakhlites and shergottites were derived from different source regions, and that, consequently, the shergottite parent body (SPB) mantle was heterogeneous is presented.

Nyquist, L. E.↗

Neodymium and strontium isotopic study of Australasian tektites - New constraints on the provenance and age of target materials

The Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of Australasian tectites (including two flanged Australian tectites, two low-SiO2 Muong Nong-type tectites, and three high-SiO2 Muong Nong-type tectites) and the Nd, Sm, Sr, and Rb concentrations were investigated by isotope-dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry, and the Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope systematics were used to study the characteristics of the parental material. It is shown that the Nd and Sr isotopic data provide evidence that all Australasian tektites were derived from a single sedimentary formation with a narrow range of stratigraphic ages close to 170 Ma. It is suggested that all of the Australasian tektites were derived from a single impact event and that the australites represent the upper part of a melt sheet ejected at high velocity, whereas the indochinites represent melts formed at a lower level in the target material distributed closer to the area of the impact.

Blum, Joel D.↗

Sudbury project (University of Muenster-Ontario Geological Survey): Petrology, chemistry, and origin of breccia formations

Within the Sudbury Project of the University of Muenster and the Ontario Geological Survey special emphasis was put on the breccia formations exposed at the Sudbury structure (SS) because of their crucial role for the impact hypothesis. They were mapped and sampled in selected areas of the north, east, and south ranges of the SS. The relative stratigraphic positions of these units are summarized. Selected samples were analyzed by optical microscopy, SEM, microprobe, XRF and INAA, Rb-Sr and SM-Nd-isotope geochemistry, and carbon isotope analysis. The results of petrographic and chemical analysis for those stratigraphic units that were considered the main structural elements of a large impact basin are summarized.

Stoeffler, D.↗

Ages of pristine noritic clasts from lunar breccias 15445 and 15455

The Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic ages were determined for two Apollo 15 pristine lunar breccias, 15445 and 15455, collected near Spur Crater on the Apennine Front. The analyses of mineral separates from two norite samples in breccia 15445 showed that the Sm-Nd isotopic system for both norites from the large Clast B of 15445 was well defined, yielding precise ages of 4.28 +/- 0.03 Ga and 4.46 +/- 0.07 Ga, suggesting that the Cast B is a mixture of two or more lithologies. The overall age results indicate that some Mg-suite rocks are as old as ferroan-anorthosite-suite rocks. Moreover, age data of three major crustal rocks (a Mg suite, a ferroan-anorthosite suite, and an evolved suite) show that they all have variable ages.

Shih, C.-Y.↗

Antarctic polymict eucrite Yamato 792769 and the cratering record on the HED parent body

Compared to most other Yamato polymict eucrites, Yamato Y792769 eucrite includes fewer and smaller eucritic clasts with homogenized pyroxenes, and its fine-grained matrix is shock-compacted and sintered. In this work, the relationships between the Antarctic eucrite Y792769, monomict eucrites, polymict eucrites, and isotopic ages are investigated, using results of Ar-39/Ar-40 method to date the time of the major thermal event on the Y792769 body and the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd methods to determine whether relict older ages might have been preserved in some of the breccia materials. The Ar-39/Ar-40 time of the last thermal event which produced the Y792769 texture is 3.99 +/- 0.04 Ga. The complete resetting of the Ar-39/Ar-40 age is consistent with the texture of Y792769 observed in TEM, suggesting that shock compaction converted part of the matrix plagioclase to maskelynite. The Sm-Nd data give an age of 4.23 +/- 0.12 Ga, reflecting partial resetting of the Sm-Nd system during breccia formation. The 3.9 Ga Ar-39/Ar-40 age probably reflects a period of intense meteoroid bompardment which affected the entire inner solar system.

Bogard, D.↗

Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics of Group 2A and Group 4A iron meteorites

We are investigating the Re-Os isotope systematics of two groups of magmatic iron meteorites (2A, 4A) in an attempt to establish precise 'total rock' isochrons by the Re-Os system. The Re-187/Os-187 isotope system is recognized as a method by which the ages of iron meteorites can be directly determined and that can provide information on the timing of FeNi segregation and core formation in planetesimals. The Re-Os isotope system permits the direct absolute dating of the metal phase in iron meteorites. Indirect dating of iron meteorites has been achieved in the past through the Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and most recently, Sm-Nd for silicate inclusions, where present. Relative dating has been obtained directly by extensive studies of the short-lived system Pd-107/Ag-107 for the metal and sulfide phases and indirectly using I-129/Xe-129 in silicate and sulfide inclusions.

Creaser, R. A.↗

Petrologic models of 15388, a unique Apollo 15 mare basalt

Mare basalt 15388, a feldspathic microgabbro from the Apennine Front, is chemically and petrographically distinct from Apollo 15 picritic, olivine-normative (ON), and quartz-normative basalts. The evolved chemistry, coarse texture, lack of olivine, and occurrence of cristobalite in 15388 argue for derivation by a late-stage magmatic process that is significantly removed from parental magma. It either crystallized from a magma evolved from the more mafic Apollo 15 basalts, or it crystallized from a currently unrepresented magma. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic systematics yield isochron ages of 3.391 plus or minus 0.036 and 3.42 plus or minus 0.07 Ga, respectively, and epsilon(sub Nd) = 8.6 plus or minus 2.4, which is relatively high for Apollo 15 mare basalts. In contrast to chemical patterns of average Apollo 15 ON basalts and Apollo 15 picritic basalt, 15388 has a strongly positive LREE slope, high Ti, shallower HREE slope and a slightly positive Eu anomaly. These features argue against 15388 evolution by simple olivine fractionation of a parental ON or picritic basalt magma, although olivine is a dominant liquidus phase in both potential parents.

Hughes, S. S.↗

On the composition of neuKREEP: QMD contamination at Apollo 11?

The Group A basalts of Apollo 11 differ in many respects from other high-Ti basalts of the region. Chemically, they are the only high-K (greater than 2000 ppm K) variety of high-Ti basalt and are enriched in incompatible trace elements relative to other basalts from both the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 sites. In addition, Group A basalts are the youngest of all high-Ti basalts, with an age of 3.56 +/- 0.02 Ga. The cluster of compositions is consistent with the Apollo 11 Group A basalts representing a single flow. Papanastassiou et al. have also indicated the uniqueness of these basalts, based particularly on relatively young Rb-Sr model ages (3.8 - 3.9 Ga). A model for the formation of the Group A basalts was presented by Jerde et al., wherein the Apollo 17 orange volcanic glass is the parent liquid. Fractionation of this composition, coupled with the assimilation of incompatible-element-rich material, results in compositions akin to those of the Apollo 11 Group A basalt population. Orange glass of similar major-element composition is present at the Apollo 11 site as well, although complete trace element analyses are not available. New modelling results using the Apollo 11 orange glass major elements are grossly similar to those obtained using the Apollo 17 orange glass, indicating approximately 30 percent fractionation.

Jerde, Eric A.↗

Fragments of ancient lunar crust: Ferroan noritic anorthosites from the descartes region of the Moon

Noritic anorthosite clasts from breccia 67016 have bulk compositions similar to that of the upper crust of the Moon and petrogenetic affinities with pristine ferroan anorthosites. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of mineral separates from one of these clasts suggest very old (greater than or = 4.4 Ga) ages, but interpretation of these data is complicated by the multi-stage history of the clasts which involved magmatic crystallization, brecciation, subsolidus recrystallization, and sulfide metasomatism. These clasts record some of the earliest events on the Moon, including early crust formation, accretionary bombardment, and degassing of the lunar interior. Modal analyses of these clasts show they are now composed of about 70 percent plagioclase, 28 percent pyroxene, 2 percent troilite, and minor amounts of ilmenite and chromite. No metallic iron, phosphates, or other trace phases were observed. Olivine is very rare, occurring only as relicts within secondary troilite+pyroxene intergrowths which may reflect reaction of olivine with sulfurous vapors. PIXE proton microprobe analyses of the sulfides show that the metasomatism was accompanied by enrichments of Cu, Zn, Ni, Se, and Sb. The clasts have been only mildly shocked since the observed texture was established. Major and minor element mineral compositions are very homogeneous and strikingly similar to those of pristine ferroan anorthosites. Pyroxene compositions indicate equilibration temperatures of 850-900 C. Except for the sulfide and chalcophile element metasomatism, these clasts appear to be essentially monomict and probably represent a noritic member of the ferroan anorthosite suite. Their low Ni contents and Ni/Co ratios are consistent with the interpretation of these clasts as igneous rocks which have escaped mixing with meteoritic material.

Norman, M. D.↗