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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Generation of polarization entanglement via the quantum Zeno effect

The quantum Zeno effect reveals that continuous observation of a quantum system can significantly alter its evolution. Here, we present a method for establishing polarization entanglement between two initially unentangled photons in coupled waveguides via the quantum Zeno effect. We support our analytical investigation with numerical simulations of the underlying Schrodinger equation describing the system. Further, we extend our technique to three coupled waveguides in a planar configuration and determine the parameters required to generate three-qubit W-states. In contrast to existing schemes based on a vacuum and single-photon encoding, the polarization encoding in our approach is compatible with quantum information protocols that remove photon loss through post-selection. Our findings offer a powerful quantum state engineering approach for photonic quantum information technologies.

Nodurft, Ian C.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Artificial dynamical effects in quantum field theory

In Newtonian mechanics, studying a system in a non-Galilean reference frame can lead to inertial pseudoforces appearing, such as the centrifugal force that seems to arise in dynamics analysed in a rotating frame. Likewise, artificial effects may arise in relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) if a system is studied in a framework that violates Poincaré invariance. Here, we highlight how such issues complicate the traditional canonical quantization of QFTs and can lead to a subjective description of natural phenomena. By contrast, the treatment of the same problem using light-front quantization is free from spurious pseudoeffects because Poincaré invariance is effectively preserved for all practical intents and purposes. We illustrate these statements using several examples: the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) relation, a fundamental feature of QFT; the absence of any measurable impact of Lorentz contraction in high-energy collisions; and the fictitious character of vacuum fluctuation contributions to the cosmological constant.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quantum Hall effect in HgTe quantum wells at nitrogen temperatures

We report on the observation of quantized Hall plateaus in a system of two-dimensional Dirac fermions, implemented in a 6.6 nm HgTe quantum well at magnetic fields up to 34 T at nitrogen temperatures. The activation energies determined from the temperature dependence of the longitudinal resistivity are found to be almost equal for the filling factors ν of 1 and 2. This indicates that the large values of the g-factor (about 30–40) remain unchanged at very strong magnetic fields.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Geometric quench in the fractional quantum Hall effect: Exact solution in quantum Hall matrix models and comparison with bimetric theory

In this work, we investigate the recently introduced geometric quench protocol for fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states within the framework of exactly solvable quantum Hall matrix models. In the geometric quench protocol, a FQH state is subjected to a sudden change in the ambient geometry, which introduces anisotropy into the system. We formulate this quench in the matrix models and then we solve exactly for the postquench dynamics of the system and the quantum fidelity (Loschmidt echo) of the postquench state. Next, we explain how to define a spin-2 collective variable g ' a b ( t ) in the matrix models, and we show that for a weak quench (small anisotropy), the dynamics of g ' a b ( t ) agrees with the dynamics of the intrinsic metric governed by the recently discussed bimetric theory of FQH states. We also find a modification of the bimetric theory such that the predictions of the modified bimetric theory agree with those of the matrix model for arbitrarily strong quenches. Finally, we introduce a class of higher-spin collective variables for the matrix model, which are related to generators of the W ∞ algebra, and we show that the geometric quench induces nontrivial dynamics for these variables.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

On kinetic description of electromagnetic processes in a quantum plasma

A nonlinear kinetic equation for nonrelativistic quantum plasma with electromagnetic interaction of particles is obtained in the Hartree's mean-field approximation. It is cast in a convenient form of Vlasov-Boltzmann-type equation with ''quantum interference integral'', which allows for relatively straightforward modification of existing classical Vlasov codes to incorporate quantum effects (quantum statistics and quantum interference of overlapping particles wave functions), without changing the bulk of the codes. Such modification (upgrade) of existing Vlasov codes may provide a direct and effective path to numerical simulations of nonlinear electrostatic and electromagnetic phenomena in quantum plasmas, especially of processes where kinetic effects are important (e.g., modulational interactions and stimulated scattering phenomena involving plasma modes at short wavelengths or high-order kinetic modes, dynamical screening and interaction of charges in quantum plasma, etc.) Moreover, numerical approaches involving such modified Vlasov codes would provide a useful basis for theoretical analyses of quantum plasmas, as quantum and classical effects can be easily separated there.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Quantum Hall effect in semiconductor systems with quantum dots and antidots

The integer quantum Hall effect in systems of semiconductor quantum dots and antidots is studied theoretically as a factor of temperature. It is established that the conditions for carrier localization in quantum-dot systems favor the observation of the quantum Hall effect at higher temperatures than in quantum-well systems. The obtained numerical results show that the fundamental plateau corresponding to the transition between the ground and first excited Landau levels can be retained up to a temperature of T ∼ 50 K, which is an order of magnitude higher than in the case of quantum wells. Implementation of the quantum Hall effect at such temperatures requires quantum-dot systems with controllable characteristics, including the optimal size and concentration and moderate geometrical and composition fluctuations. In addition, ordered arrangement is desirable, hence quantum antidots are preferable.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cosmic Signatures of Fundamental Physics (Final Technical Report)

Cosmology is the study of the history of the Universe. Major topics of current cosmology research include the nature of the dark energy which today is causing the Universe to accelerate, and the nature of cosmic inflation which is our best theory of the very early evolution of the Universe. Each of these topics can be explored with modern cosmological data, and rely on our theories of fundamental physics to operate. Research supported by this grant has led to advances in all these areas. We developed specific models of cosmic inflation and explored potential observations signatures. We explored observational constraints on the number of dimensions of space, which in certain modern theories can take in different values, and developed the specific “brane theories” of dark energy. The possibility that novel quantum effects (“quantum entanglement”) during cosmic inflation could lead to interesting observable phenomena was also explored.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Quantum eye: Lattice plasmon effect on quantum fluctuations and photon detection

In this work, arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles coupled to a detector are designed and considered as a quantum eye. In the designed system, the plasmonic nanoparticles have a role like an ommatidium in the artificial compound eye; however, the quantum eye ommatidium acts with different functionality. To better understand this system, we analyze it with the full quantum theory, quantize lattice plasmon generated by the array of plasmonic nanoparticles, and finally derive bosonic operators using Heisenberg–Langevin equations. Moreover, we theoretically derive the radiative and non-radiative losses introduced by this system and examine lattice plasmon effect on spontaneous emission of the quantum dot (Purcell factor). The main goal of this article is to investigate the quantum eye’s quantum properties such as quantum fluctuations, which is modeled and analyzed by studying the second-order correlation function. This function exhibits a significant bunching as a function of lattice plasmon optical properties. We can easily manipulate and improve the lattice plasmon optical properties, which dramatically depend on the array geometry. Finally, we study the quantum eye photon detection by a quantum measuring approach and show that the lattice plasmon has a strong effect on quantum properties after the one-count process.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Temperature scaling in the quantum-Hall-effect regime in a HgTe quantum well with an inverted energy spectrum

The longitudinal and Hall magnetoresistances of HgTe/HgCdTe heterostructures with an inverted energy spectrum (the HgTe quantum well width is d = 20.3 nm) are measured in the quantum-Hall-effect regime at T = 2–50 K in magnetic fields up to B = 9 T. Analysis of the temperature dependences of conductivity in the transition region between the first and second plateaus of the quantum Hall effect shows the feasibility of the scaling regime for a plateau–plateau quantum phase transition in 2D-structures on the basis of mercury telluride.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

SU(N) fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands

We study N-component interacting particles (hardcore bosons and fermions) loaded in topological lattice models with SU(N)-invariant interactions based on exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group method. By tuning the interplay of interspecies and intraspecies interactions, we demonstrate that a class of SU(N) fractional quantum Hall states can emerge at fractional filling factors nu=N/(N+1) for bosons [nu=N/(2N+1) for fermions] in the lowest Chern band, characterized by the nontrivial fractional Hall responses and the fractional charge pumping. Moreover, we establish a topological characterization based on the K matrix and discuss the close relationship to the fractional quantum Hall physics in topological flat bands with Chern number N.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

First-principle study of quantum confinement effect on small sized silicon quantum dots using density-functional theory

Density functional theory (DFT), as a first-principle approach has successfully been implemented to study nanoscale material. Here, DFT by numerical basis-set was used to study the quantum confinement effect as well as electronic properties of silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) in ground state condition. Selection of quantum dot models were studied intensively before choosing the right structure for simulation. Next, the computational result were used to examine and deduce the electronic properties and its density of state (DOS) for 14 spherical Si-QDs ranging in size up to ∼ 2 nm in diameter. The energy gap was also deduced from the HOMO-LUMO results. The atomistic model of each silicon QDs was constructed by repeating its crystal unit cell of face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, and reconstructed until the spherical shape obtained. The core structure shows tetrahedral (T{sub d}) symmetry structure. It was found that the model need to be passivated, and hence it was noticed that the confinement effect was more pronounced. The model was optimized using Quasi-Newton method for each size of Si-QDs to get relaxed structure before it was simulated. In this model the exchange-correlation potential (V{sub xc}) of the electrons was treated by Local Density Approximation (LDA) functional and Perdew-Zunger (PZ) functional.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Quantum interference effects on the intensity of the G modes in double-walled carbon nanotubes

The effects of quantum interferences on the excitation dependence of the intensity of G modes have been investigated on single-walled carbon nanotubes [Duque et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 117404 (2012)]. In this work, by combining optical absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering on individual index identified double-walled carbon nanotubes, we examine the experimental excitation dependence of the intensity of longitudinal optical and transverse optical G modes of the constituent inner and outer single-walled carbon nanotubes. The observed striking dependencies are understood in terms of quantum interference effects. Considering such effects, the excitation dependence of the different components of the G modes permit to unambiguously assign each of them as originating from the longitudinal or transverse G modes of inner and outer tubes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Controlling atomistic processes on Pb films via quantum size effects and lattice rotation

The two main techniques used to record the data in this dissertation were Spot Profile Analysis - Low Energy Electron Diffraction (SPA-LEED) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). A specific data analysis technique for LEED data called G(S) curves is described in depth. G(S) curves can provide a great deal of structural information about the surface; including step heights, island size, and island separation. The effects of quantum size effects (QSE) on the diffusion and critical island sizes of Pb and In on Pb films are reported. Pb depositions on the 2D In phases {radical}3 and {radical}31 to see how the phases affect the Pb growth and its strong QSE are reported.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Wake potential with exchange-correlation effects in semiconductor quantum plasmas

Using the non-relativistic quantum hydrodynamic model, wake potential has been studied in a magnetized semiconductor quantum plasma in the presence of upper hybrid wave which is excited via externally injected electron beam. The quantum effect contains electron exchange and correlation potential, Fermi degenerate pressure, and Bohm potential. It is found that the contribution of quantum mechanical electron exchange and correlation potential significantly modifies the amplitude and the effective length of the oscillatory wake potential. In the electron-hole plasma systems, electron exchange-correlation effects tend to increase the magnitude of the wake potential and are much effective at the distances of the order of Debye-length. The application of the work in context of the semiconductor plasmas have also been analyzed graphically.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗