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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

LLNL SFA OBER FY23 Program Management and Performance Report: BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces

The focus of the BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces SFA has been to identify and quantify the biogeochemical processes and the underlying mechanisms that control actinide mobility in an effort to reliably predict and control the cycling and migration of actinides in the environment. The research approach has included: (1) Field Studies that capture actinide behavior on the timescale of decades (Research Thrust 1), and (2) Fundamental Laboratory Studies that isolate specific biogeochemical processes observed in the field (Research Thrust 2). These Research Thrusts are underpinned by the unique capabilities and staff expertise at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, allowing the BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces SFA to advance our understanding of actinide migration behavior in the environment, and serve as a resource for environmental radiochemistry research internationally (Figure 1). In FY23, our SFA research focused on transient redox gradients across stratified waters, sediment-water interfaces, and mineral-water interfaces to address processes controlling cycling of redox-sensitive metals. Nevertheless, Research Thrusts 1 and 2 are guided by the following broad central hypotheses that were developed during our last program review held at the end of FY18: Thrust 1 Hypothesis: Biogeochemical processes occurring on the timescale of years to decades lead to greater actinide recalcitrance in sediments and limits their migration in surface and groundwater. Thrust 2 Hypothesis: Long-term biogeochemical processes include mineral and surface alteration, which leads to stabilization of actinide surface associations or incorporation into mineral precipitates. Our strategic goal is to use the knowledge gained from our Science Plan to advance our understanding of the behavior of actinides and other radionuclides (e.g. Cs) and provide DOE with the scientific basis for remediation and long-term stewardship of DOE’s legacy sites. More broadly, we are improving our understanding of transport phenomena in environmental systems sciences with a particular emphasis on environmentally relevant (long-term) timescales. While we retained some of our historical focus on actinide biogeochemistry this past fiscal year, biogeochemical processes occurring at unique Test Bed locations associated with this SFA provide fundamental information on abiotic and biotic redox processes that control the cycling of redox sensitive metals under dynamic and transient conditions. Furthermore, in collaboration with SFA teams at Argonne National Laboratory, our SFA has begun to transition away from the current research focus and develop a new research program in terrestrial wetland systems. The Terrestrial Wetland Function and Resilience SFA program plan will be delivered to the Environmental System Science (ESS) program within BER at the end of FY23.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces (LLNL SFA OBER FY22 Program Management and Performance Report)

The focus of the BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces SFA is to identify and quantify the biogeochemical processes and the underlying mechanisms that control actinide mobility in an effort to reliably predict and control the cycling and migration of actinides in the environment. The research approach includes: (1) Field Studies that capture actinide behavior on the timescale of decades (Research Thrust 1), and (2) Fundamental Laboratory Studies that isolate specific biogeochemical processes observed in the field (Research Thrust 2). These Research Thrusts are underpinned by the unique capabilities and staff expertise at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, allowing the BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces SFA to advance our understanding of actinide migration behavior in the environment, and serve as an resource for environmental radiochemistry research internationally. In the past year, our greater focus on transient redox gradients across stratified waters, sediment-water interfaces, and mineral-water interfaces extended our research beyond actinides to address processes controlling cycling of redox-sensitive metals more broadly. Nevertheless, Research Thrusts 1 and 2 are guided by the following broad central hypotheses that were developed during our last program review held at the end of FY18: Thrust 1 Hypothesis: Biogeochemical processes occurring on the timescale of years to decades lead to greater actinide recalcitrance in sediments and limits their migration in surface and groundwater. Thrust 2 Hypothesis: Long-term biogeochemical processes include mineral and surface alteration, which leads to stabilization of actinide surface associations or incorporation into mineral precipitates. Our strategic goal is to use the knowledge gained from our Science Plan to advance our understanding of the behavior of actinides and other radionuclides (e.g. Cs) and provide DOE with the scientific basis for remediation and long-term stewardship of DOE’s legacy sites. More broadly, we will enhance our understanding of transport phenomena in environmental systems sciences with a particular emphasis on environmentally relevant (long-term) timescales. While we retain our focus on actinide biogeochemistry, our increased focus on overall biogeochemical processes occurring at unique Test Bed locations associated with this SFA provides fundamental information on abiotic and biotic redox processes that control the cycling of redox sensitive metals under dynamic and transient conditions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

LLNL SFA OBER SBR FY17 Program Management and Performance Report: Subsurface Biogeochemistry of Actinides

A major scientific challenge in environmental sciences is to identify the dominant processes controlling actinide transport in the environment. It is estimated that currently, over 2200 metric tons of anthropogenic plutonium (Pu) has accumulated worldwide, a number that increases yearly with additional spent nuclear fuel (Ewing et al., 2010). Plutonium has been shown to migrate on the scale of kilometers, giving way to a critical concern that the fundamental biogeochemical processes that control its behavior in the subsurface are not well understood (Kersting et al. 1999; Novikov et al. 2006; Santschi et al. 2002). Neptunium (Np) is less prevalent in the environment; however, it is predicted to be a significant long-term dose contributor in high-level nuclear waste. Our focus on Np chemistry in this Science Plan is intended to help formulate a better understanding of Pu redox transformations in the environment and clarify the differences between the two long-lived actinides. The research approach of our Science Plan combines (1) Fundamental Mechanistic Studies that identify and quantify biogeochemical processes that control actinide behavior in solution and on solids, (2) Field Integration Studies that investigate the transport characteristics of Pu and test our conceptual understanding of actinide transport, and (3) Actinide Research Capabilities that allow us to achieve the objectives of this Scientific Focus Area (SFA) and provide new opportunities for advancing actinide environmental chemistry. These three Research Thrusts form the basis of our SFA Science Program.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2018

Interdigital Capacitance Local Non-Destructive Examination of Nuclear Power Plant Cable for Aging Management Programs

This Pacific Northwest National Laboratory milestone report describes progress to date on the investigation of non-destructive test methods focusing on local cable insulation and jacket testing using an interdigital capacitance (IDC) approach. Earlier studies have assessed a number of non-destructive examination (NDE) methods for bulk, distributed, and local cable tests. A typical test strategy is to perform bulk assessments of the cable response using dielectric spectroscopy, Tan , or partial discharge followed by distributed tests like time domain reflectometry or frequency domain reflectometry to identify the most likely defect location followed by a local test that can include visual inspection, indenter modulus tests, or Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) or Near Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR (FTNIR). If a cable is covered with an overlaying jacket, the jacket’s condition is likely to be more severely degraded than the underlying insulation. None of the above local test approaches can be used to evaluate insulation beneath a cable jacket. Since the jacket’s function is neither structural nor electrical, a degraded jacket may not have any significance regarding the cable’s performance or suitability for service. IDC measurements offer a promising alternative or complement to these local test approaches including the possibility to test insulation beneath an overlaying jacket.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Extraction of Pm-147 from savannah river site nuclear material management programs

The Savannah River Site (SRS) processes used-nuclear fuel to recover uranium. There are many interesting fission products lost in the raffinate from this separation including 147 Pm. Here, the goal of this work was to recover 147 Pm from SRS waste solutions. A radiochemical separation method typically used for the determination of 147 Pm and 151 Sm was modified to purify significant quantities of 147 Pm from the H Canyon waste solutions. The developed scheme was tested on a small aliquot of waste solution from the processing of used fuel from the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2023

Segmenting the target audience for transportation demand management programs: An investigation between mode shift and individual characteristics

Understanding the characteristics of travelers and situations that are more likely to switch from single occupancy vehicles (SOV) to more sustainable mobility options can help transportation agencies develop better behavior change strategies. Existing mode shift programs, however, rarely identify their target audience, which could make the programs less effective. Here, to investigate the demographics and trip characteristics of those who are more likely to shift from SOV to carpooling, public transit, and micromobility (e.g. walking, biking), a matrix decomposition audience segmentation method is proposed and applied on travel survey data. The results of this research show that for short-distance leisure or social trips, young and middle-income people are more likely to shift to these mobility options from SOV. This study provides a comprehensive and profound understanding of the characteristics of the target audience that can inform policies to create more targeted behavior change strategies to reach their sustainability goals.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Program Managers Questions for LL13-MatModelRadDetect-2Jf

The major project goals are three-fold: 1) to determine the mechanisms of polarization of TlBr detectors related to electrical contact materials, and enable the rational design of optimal contact stacks for maximum detector longevity; 2) to elucidate the carrier trapping propensity of dislocations in CdTe/CZT and determine whether this depends on type and decoration of the dislocations; evaluate whether dislocation engineering (out of scope of this project) can optimize CZT detector performance; 3) to discover if (and how) a glass material can make a high-performance host for a scintillator, by understanding how atomic structure differences associated with composition and forming conditions affect carrier transport.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Groundwater Protection Program Management Plan for the U.S. Department of Energy Y-12 National Security Complex, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Revision 4

The area under Y-12 administrative control is divided into three hydrogeologic regimes for the purposes of groundwater monitoring. The following sections provide background information regarding the groundwater system at Y-12, the history of groundwater quality monitoring in each hydrogeologic regime, and the status of ongoing groundwater monitoring activities.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2019

Stockpile Stewardship and Management Program

The history of nuclear testing, the treaties associated with the decline and eventual elimination of testing, the inception of Stockpile Stewardship, how the enterprise conducts the program, and its future are explored in this paper. All the events that bring us to present time play in to how the nuclear enterprise will map out the future of our weapons stockpile.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2019

LLNL SFA OBER–SBR FY19 Program Management and Performance Report: Biogeochemistry of Actinides

Over 2,600 metric tons of plutonium (Pu) are estimated to have been produced worldwide, with approximately 70-90 metric tons added to this inventory each year from spent nuclear fuel. A subset of this Pu inventory has been released into the environment as a result of nuclear weapons production, weapons testing, poor waste management practices, and nuclear accidents. The migration of low levels of Pu released in the environment has been documented on the scale of kilometers. Due to its long half-life, toxicity, and its ability to migrate, Pu represents a potentially significant risk to humankind and the environment. Their fate depends on the nature of the release, the biogeochemical processes controlling mobilization, and the eventual exposure pathways. Understanding their behavior in the environment is critical for managing environmental contamination and planning for the safe, long-term isolation of nuclear waste from the biosphere.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

BioGeoChemistry of Actinides (LLNL SFA OBER - SBR FY20 Program Management and Performance Report)

The focus of the BioGeoChemistry of Actinides SFA is to identify and quantify the biogeochemical processes and the underlying mechanisms that control actinide mobility in an effort to reliably predict and control the cycling and migration of actinides in the environment. The research approach includes: (1) Field Studies (Research Thrust 1) that capture actinide behavior on the timescale of decades and (2) Fundamental Laboratory Studies (Research Thrust 2) that isolate specific biogeochemical processes observed in the field. These research thrusts are underpinned by the unique capabilities and staff expertise at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), allowing the BioGeoChemistry of Actinides SFA to advance our understanding of actinide migration behavior in the environment, and serve as an international resource for environmental radiochemistry research (Figure 1). Research Thrusts 1 and 2 are guided by broad central hypotheses: Thrust 1 Hypothesis: Biogeochemical processes occurring on the timescale of years to decades lead to greater actinide recalcitrance in sediments and limit their migration in surface and groundwater. Thrust 2 Hypothesis: Long-term biogeochemical processes include mineral and surface alteration, which leads to stabilization of actinide surface associations or incorporation into mineral precipitates. Our strategic goal is to use the knowledge gained from our Science Plan to advance our understanding of the behavior of actinides, providing DOE with the scientific basis for remediation and long-term stewardship of DOE’s legacy sites and, more broadly, increasing our understanding of transport phenomena in environmental systems sciences with a particular emphasis on environmentally relevant (long-term) timescales. Although our focus is on actinide biogeochemistry, the increased focus on biogeochemistry at unique Test Bed locations associated with this SFA is providing fundamental information on redox processes and associated microbiological processes that control the cycling of redox sensitive metals under dynamic and transient biogeochemical conditions.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces (LLNL SFA OBER FY21 Program Management and Performance Report)

The focus of the BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces (formerly BioGeoChemistry of Actinides) SFA is to identify and quantify the biogeochemical processes and the underlying mechanisms that control actinide mobility in an effort to reliably predict and control the cycling and migration of actinides in the environment. The research approach includes: (1) Field Studies (Research Thrust 1) that capture actinide behavior on the timescale of decades and (2) Fundamental Laboratory Studies (Research Thrust 2) that isolate specific biogeochemical processes observed in the field. These Research Thrusts are underpinned by the unique capabilities and staff expertise at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, allowing the BioGeoChemistry at Interfaces SFA to advance our understanding of actinide migration behavior in the environment, and serve as an international resource for environmental radiochemistry research (Figure 1).

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2018

Program Manager’s Questions and Project’s Answers for the GEOVIS Project

The current project goal is to assess GeoVisipedia technology using the prototype developed during FY18. The assessment will consist of two phases, one in a single-user configuration, and one in multi-user configuration, and will consider two types of users, casual and subject matter expert.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1975

Utilizing Skylab data in on-going resources management programs in the state of Ohio

The author has identified the following significant results. The use of Skylab imagery for total area woodland surveys was found to be more accurate and cheaper than conventional surveys using aerial photo-plot techniques. Machine-aided (primarily density slicing) analyses of Skylab 190A and 190B color and infrared color photography demonstrated the feasibility of using such data for differentiating major timber classes including pines, hardwoods, mixed, cut, and brushland providing such analyses are made at scales of 1:24,000 and larger. Manual and machine-assisted image analysis indicated that spectral and spatial capabilities of Skylab EREP photography are adequate to distinguish most parameters of current, coal surface mining concern associated with: (1) active mining, (2) orphan lands, (3) reclaimed lands, and (4) active reclamation. Excellent results were achieved when comparing Skylab and aerial photographic interpretations of detailed surface mining features. Skylab photographs when combined with other data bases (e.g., census, agricultural land productivity, and transportation networks), provide a comprehensive, meaningful, and integrated view of major elements involved in the urbanization/encroachment process.

Baldridge, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Remote-sensing applications as utilized in Florida's coastal zone management program

Land use maps were developed from photomaps obtained by remote sensing in order to develop a comprehensive state plan for the protection, development, and zoning of coastal regions. Only photographic remote sensors have been used in support of the coastal council's planning/management methodology. Standard photointerpretation and cartographic application procedures for map compilation were used in preparing base maps.

Worley, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Status report: Data management program algorithm evaluation activity at Marshall Space Flight Center

An algorithm evaluation activity was initiated to study the problems associated with image processing by assessing the independent and interdependent effects of registration, compression, and classification techniques on LANDSAT data for several discipline applications. The objective of the activity was to make recommendations on selected applicable image processing algorithms in terms of accuracy, cost, and timeliness or to propose alternative ways of processing the data. As a means of accomplishing this objective, an Image Coding Panel was established. The conduct of the algorithm evaluation is described.

Jayroe, R. R., Jr.↗