Performance Monitoring by Simultaneous Sensing of Internal Gas Exchange and Respiration Patterns-Pythia Phase III
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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Risk-based Area of Review Delineation, Leakage Risk Assessment, and Corrective Action for San Juan Basin CarbonSAFE Phase III
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Earth Sciences↗
Principle Findings from Development of a Recirculated Exhaust Gas Intake Sensor (REGIS) Enabling Cost-Effective Fuel Efficiency Improvement
Kick-off of the Bosch scope of work for the REGIS project started in October 2012. The primary work-packages included in the Bosch scope of work were the following: overall project management, development of the EGR sensor (design of sensor element, design of protection tube, and design of mounting orientation), development of EGR system control strategy, build-up of prototype sensors, evaluation of system performance with the new sensor and the new control strategy, long-term durability testing, and development of a 2nd generation sensor concept for continued technology development after the REGIS project. The University of Clemson was a partner with Bosch in the REGIS project. The Clemson scope of work for the REGIS project started in June 2013. The primary work-packages included in the Clemson scope of work were the following: development of EGR system control strategy, and evaluation of system performance with the new sensor and new control strategy. This project was split into phase I, phase II and phase III. Phase I work was completed by the end of June 2014 and included the following primary work packages: development of sensor technical requirements, assembly of engine testbench at Clemson, design concept for sensor housing, connector, and mounting orientation, build-up of EGR flow test benches at Bosch, and build-up of first sensor prototypes. Phase II work was completed by the end of June 2015 and included the following primary work pack ages: development of an optimizing function and demonstration of robustness of sensor, system control strategy implementation and initial validation, completion of engine in the loop testing of developed control algorithm, completion of sensor testing including characteristic line, synthetic gas test stand, and pressure dependency characterization, demonstration of benefits of control w/o sensing via simulation, development of 2nd generation sensor concept. Notable technical achievements from phase II were the following: publication of two new technical papers by Clemson detailing the control strategies used for the EGR system control. The two papers was published in the 2016 SAE World Congress in April 2016. The titles of each paper are, “Physics-Based Exhaust Pressure and Temperature Estimation for Low Pressure EGR Control in Turbocharged Gasoline Engines,” by K. Siokos, and “A Control Algorithm for Low Pressure – EGR Systems using a Smith Predictor with Intake Oxygen Sensor Feedback”, by R. Koli. All phase III work packages have been completed. The primary work packages in phase III were the following: completion of long-term sensor durability testing, final demonstration of benefits of EGR control w/o sensing, final decision of the second generation sensor development path.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Metallization and superconductivity of BeH{sub 2} under high pressure
Pressure-induced metallization and potential superconductivity of BeH{sub 2} has been a topic of interest. In the present study, we extensively explored the crystal structures of BeH{sub 2} in a wide pressure range of 0–300 GPa using an unbiased structure searching method coupled with first-principles density functional calculations. A series of pressure-induced structural transformations are predicted for BeH{sub 2}, as Ibam (α phase) → P-3m1 (phase II) → R-3m (phase III) → Cmcm (phase IV). Calculated pressures of phase transition are 25, 140, and 202 GPa, respectively. The phase II is isostructural to the well-known 1T structure of transition metal dichalcogenides, which is composed of covalent bonded BeH{sub 2} slabs stacked along the perpendicular direction by van der Waals forces. The phase III is constructed by the same BeH{sub 2} slabs, but differs from the phase II in the stacking sequence. The α phase, phase II, and phase III all have insulating electronic states while their band gaps decrease as pressure increases. We predicted that BeH{sub 2} reaches a metallic state by a III → IV phase transition, instead of a direct band gap closure in phase III. The phase IV has a three-dimensional extended Be-H network formed by edge-sharing BeH{sub 8} polyhedrons with delocalized electrons. Electron-phonon coupling calculations implemented using linear response theory on the metallic BeH{sub 2} predict a large electron-phonon coupling parameter of 0.63, leading to an estimation of superconducting transition temperature (T{sub c}) of ∼38 K at 250 GPa.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Hypersonic Research Facilities Study - Volume III, Part 2: Phase II Parametric Studies Flight Vehicle Synthesis
Airbreathing hypersonic aircraft employing liquid hydrogen fuel have the potential of satisfying a number of mission requirements in the 1980-2000 time period. However, major advances in the technological state of the art are necessary before such aircraft can be considered either feasible or practical. The objective was to assess the research and development requirements for hypersonic aircraft and based on these requirements, to provide the NASA with characteristics of a number of desirable hypersonic research facilities. The study is organized in three phases. Phase I was a preliminary analysis of a broad group of concepts which were reduced to seven flight research facilities and eleven ground research facilities for Phase II study. The purpose of Phase II was to perform parametric studies to refine the facility designs and obtain sensitivity information in the neighborhood of "near optimum" designs, and to select those facilities that appear most attractive in the sense of research potential vs cost for further refinement in Phase III. This part of Volume III presents the results of the synthesis of the flight research facilities.
Source record↗
Water ice phases II, III, and V - Plastic deformation and phase relationships
The ordinary water phase I was transformed to the ice phases that are known to exist in the interiors of large ice moons, such as Ganymede and Callisto for the purpose of investigating plastic deformation behavior of these ices. Ices II, III, and V were prepared using an apparatus and techniques similar to those described by Durham et al. (1983) and subsequently deformed in a gas deformation apparatus, and their deformation data were obtained. It was found that ice II was the strongest of the high-pressure phases, with a strength that was comparable to that of ice I; ice III was very weak, with the flow rate 100 to 1000 times higher than that of ice II at the same levels of stress. It was also found that ices III and V can exist metastably within the ice II field and that they may be deformed plastically within much of the metastable region without reverting to ice II. It is suggested that the weakness of the ice III phase may have profoundly influenced the evolution and the present-day behavior of the icy moons.
Durham, W. B.↗
US-UK Collaboration on Fossil Energy Advanced Materials: Task 1—Steam Oxidation
This presentation goes over the following from the US-UK collaboration on Fossil Energy Advanced Materials: Task 1, Steam Oxidation: US-led or co-led deliverables, Phase II products (US), 2011-present, Phase III products, Phase III Plan, an explanation of sCO 2 compared with sH 2 O, an explanation of Ni-base Alloys, an explanation of 300 Series (18Cr-8Ni)/E-Brite, an explanation of the typical Microchannel HX Fabrication process, and an explanation of diffusion bonded Ni-base superalloys.
02 PETROLEUM↗
Pilot Scale Operation and Testing of Syngas Chemical Looping For Hydrogen Production
The Syngas Chemical looping (SCL) process provides efficient and economic means to utilize the abundant fossil reserve of coal. The main problem associated with coal utilization is the CO 2 emissions resulting from its combustion. Even though CO 2 regulation or carbon tax is currently not in place, its enforcement is expected in the near future. Such a greenhouse gas emission control, if adopted in current power plant systems, will drive the efficiency down and increase the cost of electricity, due to the energy and capital-intensive nature of current CO 2 separation techniques. This highlights the need to develop technologies that present a solution to the rising cost of electricity in the future. The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) presents an improvement to the above predicament, but it is capital intensive due to the extensive unit operations involved. The efficiency for a CO 2 capture incorporated IGCC system is around ~32%, resulting in approximately 45% increase in cost of electricity. This is definitely a better path to traverse than the conventional pulverized coal (PC) power plants as it has improved economics and efficiencies accompanied by product flexibility. The SCL process advances the benefits even further when integrated with the IGCC process. The SCL process removes the expensive WGS system and CO 2 separation columns, thereby saving on capital and operational expenses. This integration results in a 12 – 21% increase in efficiency accompanied by a reduction in cost of electricity by 15 – 28%, over conventional IGCC systems. Therefore, SCL process provides the best route to harness the energy from coal. The overall project objective was to construct and operate a syngas chemical looping pilot scale test unit at the NCCC. The project scope of work was divided into 3 phases. In Phase I, cold flow model studies using a 1:1 scale acrylic test unit constructed at Particulate Solids Research, Inc. (PSRI) was successfully completed confirming robust solid flow control is achievable in the non-mechanical system design. In Phase II, the high pressure, high temperature, chemical looping reactor was successfully designed with all necessary equipment and safety instrumentation/controls specified to allow for fabrication, site construction, and assembly to commence in Phase III. In Phase III, the SCL pilot plant was successfully assembled and all necessary functional checks and pre-startup safety reviews completed. During unit commission over the course of 200 hours of testing, operational issues were observed with premix burner used for system startup. With the grants awarded by the National Energy Laboratory (NETL) and the Ohio Development Services Agency (ODSA) under awards DE-FE0023915 and D-14-18, the SCL pilot unit underwent three auxiliary equipment modifications to resolve all of the startup operational issues encountered. The unit was successfully demonstrated with 300+hr continuous operation. Key results obtained include high syngas conversion of 97.95% with 16.03% oxygen carrier conversion in the moving bed reducer and >99% purity H 2 produced from the moving bed oxidizer.
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
The superionic phase transitions in (NH{sub 4}){sub 3}H(SeO{sub 4}){sub 2} under hydrostatic pressure up to 400 MPa
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on proton conductivity of (NH{sub 4}){sub 3}H(SeO{sub 4}){sub 2} superionic crystal was studied in a wide temperature range and different isobaric conditions by means of impedance spectroscopy method. The measurements were performed along the trigonal c axis of the crystal, i.e., along the direction perpendicular to the plane in which, in the superionic phases, a dynamically disordered H-bond network is formed. The obtained pressure-temperature phase diagram is linear with increasing pressure. The triple point, which is the point of coexistence of the three phases: ferroelastic phase IV, ferroelastic phase III, and superionic phase II was found at p = 116.3 MPa and T = 287.3 K. High pressure leads to increase in the temperature range of stability of both superionic phases and to a drastic decrease in the temperature width of the ferroelastic phase III. With increasing pressure, the range of the superionic phase II expands at the expense of the range of the ferroelastic phase III, which is unstable and vanishes at the triple point.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
H2O Electrolysis with Impure Water Source - Final Report
This Phase III final report summarizes the Phase I research and development work performed during the IRAD FY 2018-Cycle 1, Stage C-Phase I project March 15, 2018 through August 17, 2018 and during the Phase II continuation request which funded the research and development November 26, 2018 through September 30, 2019. A Phase III proposal was accepted to continue the technology development, but due to the unavailability of the Principal Investigators to complete the proposed PhasE III work, the Phase III project was re-scoped to complete a final report on the research and development work that was previously completed as a wrap-up of this IRAD project
Electrolysis↗
Integrated Monitoring Volume: A Summary of Monitoring Studies Conducted in Niagaran Carbonate Pinnacle Reefs During Enhanced Oil Recovery with CO 2
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) was founded in 2003 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership initiative. Since its founding, MRCSP has made significant strides toward making CCUS a viable option for states in the region. The public/private consortium, funded through the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Initiative, brings together nearly 40 industry partners and 10 states. Battelle, as the project lead, oversees research, development and operations and coordinates activities among the partners. The incremental, phased approach has built a valuable knowledge base for the industry and paved the way for commercial-scale adoption of CCUS technologies. From 2008 to 2020, MRCSP Phase III focused on the development of large-scale injection projects. This report is part of a series of reports prepared under the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase III (Development Phase). These reports summarize and detail the findings of the work conducted under the Phase III project. During the MRCSP Phase III monitoring period, over 1 million metric tons of CO 2 was injected into ten Silurian-age (Niagaran) pinnacle reef reservoirs in Otsego County, Michigan that are operated by Core Energy, LLC. There are over 800 pinnacle reefs in northern Michigan, and collectively, these geologic features have sufficient capacity to store several hundred million metric tons of CO 2 . Moreover, most of the reefs are oil-bearing and went through primary production in the 1970s and 1980s; therefore, by injecting CO 2 into the reefs, there is a real opportunity to realize additional (enhanced) oil recovery (EOR) and to permanently store CO 2 after EOR. A key objective of the MRCSP Phase III project is to evaluate the effectiveness of various technologies for monitoring CO 2 that has been injected into deep geologic formations. Monitoring may be required at CO 2 storage sites for a variety of reasons, including to meet UIC Class II (EOR sites) or Class VI (storage only sites) permit requirements or EPA greenhouse gas reporting rule requirements or to qualify for tax credits under the 45Q tax credit rule. The results of this monitoring study should prove useful to operators considering using carbonate pinnacle reefs of Northern Michigan for CO 2 storage.
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Regional Geology Capstone Report for the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (Volume V)
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) was founded in 2003 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership initiative. Since its founding, MRCSP has made significant strides toward making CCUS a viable option for states in the region. The public/private consortium, funded through the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Initiative, brings together nearly 40 industry partners and 10 states. Battelle, as the project lead, oversees research, development and operations and coordinates activities among the partners. The incremental, phased approach has built a valuable knowledge base for the industry and paved the way for commercial-scale adoption of CCUS technologies. From 2008 to 2020, MRCSP Phase III focused on the development of large-scale injection projects. This report is part of a series of reports prepared under the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase III (Development Phase). These reports summarize and detail the findings of the work conducted under the Phase III project. The MRCSP regional geology Capstone report summarizes the regional characterization of geologic storage subtasks performed under MRCSP Phase III. The regional characterization work was completed by the state geological surveys of Delaware, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia along with Western Michigan University and Rutgers University. Building on the Phases I and II, the Phase III research was focused on key research topics identified in previous MRCSP efforts: [1] Regional Geologic Cross Sections for Potential Storage and Containment Zones; [2] Appalachian Basin: Enhanced Recovery Opportunities; [3] Michigan Basin: Assessment of Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Carbon Dioxide in Silurian Pinnacle Reefs; [4] Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and Adjacent Offshore Region: Characterization of Carbon Storage Targets; [5] Ordovician-Cambrian Units: Hierarchical Evaluation of Geologic Carbon Storage Resource Estimates; [6] Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian Strata of Ohio: Structural Characterization of Potential CO 2 Reservoirs and Adjacent Strata; [7] Triassic Rift Basins: Preliminary Study of Long-Term CO 2 Storage Potential Together, the regional characterization effort developed useful products to support project developers, policy makers and other stakeholders in the MRCSP region seeking to understand where potential storage exists relative to large stationary sources of CO 2 emissions.
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
Present Early Test Results at SECARB Industry Briefing [Slides]
Contents include the following presentations: 1) SECARB Phase III Early Test Cranfield, MS; 2) SECARB Phase III Early Test at Cranfield, March 9, 2010; 3) Update on Results of SECARB "Early" Test of Monitoring Large Volume Injection at Cranfield; 4) Progress Update SECARB "Early" Test Monitoring 3.5 Million Tons at Cranfield, March 7, 2012; 5) Cranfield Geophysical Monitoring Status and Results, March 8, 2012; 6) Large Volume CO 2 Injection at Cranfield, Early Field Test of the SECARB Phase III–Near-Surface Monitoring, March 7, 2012; 7) Shallow Groundwater Study at the Cranfield Site, March 12, 2013; 8) Subsurface Monitoring Studies–Results and Integration, March 12, 2013; 9) Review of the Petrophysics for the Cranfield Phase III Project, March 12, 2013; 10) Geomechanics at Cranfield, March 5, 2014; 11) Gulf Coast Carbon Center Near-Surface Update, March 4-5, 2014; 12) Monitoring Design Best Practices, March 5, 2014; 13) Assessing Impacts of CO 2 Leakage on Groundwater Quality and Monitoring Network Efficiency–Case Study at a CO 2 -EOR site, March 11, 2013; 14) Near-surface Stratigraphy and Geophysics, March 11, 2015; 15) Update on Reservoir Modeling and Final Testing and P&A Underway, March 11, 2013; 16) SECARB Early Test Retrospective; 17) Fluid Source Attribution at CCS and CO 2 -EOR Sites, March 8, 2016; 18) SECARB "Early Test" at Cranfield, March 8-9, 2017; 19) Analysis of Seismic Time-Lapse Observations at Cranfield; 20) SECARB Phase III Cranfield Project (Early Test), March 8, 2018; 21) Enhanced Analytical Simulation Tool (EASiTool) Dynamic Capacity Estimation; 22) Net Carbon Negative Oil Mass Accounting–Cranfield Case Study; 23) Knowledge Sharing; 24) Advancing Toward Commercialization Final Stages of the Early Test; 25) CO 2 EOR Feasibility in SECARB Region Limited by CH 4 ; 26) Understanding of CO2 Migration and Entrapment–Cranfield Site
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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Seismic Monitoring of CO 2 Injected for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Northern Michigan (Volume II.C)
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) was founded in 2003 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership initiative. Since its founding, MRCSP has made significant strides toward making CCUS a viable option for states in the region. The public/private consortium, funded through the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Initiative, brings together nearly 40 industry partners and 10 states. Battelle, as the project lead, oversees research, development and operations and coordinates activities among the partners. The incremental, phased approach has built a valuable knowledge base for the industry and paved the way for commercial-scale adoption of CCUS technologies. From 2008 to 2020, MRCSP Phase III focused on the development of large-scale injection projects. This report is part of a series of reports prepared under the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase III (Development Phase). These reports summarize and detail the findings of the work conducted under the Phase III project. This report describes the monitoring study conducted to assess the effectiveness of DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) -based VSP (Vertical Seismic Profiling) technology for delineating CO 2 injected into the Silurian-age pinnacle reefs in northern Michigan, the host rocks for the MRCSP Phase III demonstration project. The DAS VSP study was conducted in the Chester 16 reef, one of several reefs in Otsego County Michigan that is operated by Core Energy, LLC of Traverse City, Michigan. Time-lapse DAS VSP was implemented at the Chester 16 reef to attempt to detect approximately 85,000 tonnes of CO 2 injected into the A-1 Carbonate and Brown Niagaran Formations. A baseline survey was conducted in February 2017 prior to injecting CO 2 and a repeat survey was conducted in August 2018. During the interim period between the baseline and repeat surveys, CO 2 was injected into the Chester 16 reef via the 6-16 injection well without production (withdrawal) of fluids from the reef. A grid of 181 source positions consisting of 44 vibrator positions, plus 137 dynamite shot locations, was used to give approximately continuous spatial coverage of the injection zone (A-1 Carbonate and upper Brown Niagaran) in the area between the two wells.
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
Chronology and pyroclastic stratigraphy of the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
The eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 can be subdivided into six phases: the paroxysmal phase I, the early Plinian phase II, the early ash flow phase III, the climactic phase IV, the late ash flow phase V, and phase VI, the activity of which consisted of a low-energy ash plume. These phases are correlated with stratigraphic subunits of ash-fall tephra and pyroclastic flow deposits. Sustained vertical discharge of phase II produced evolved dacite with high S/Cl ratios. Ash flow activity of phase III is attributed to decreases in gas content, indicated by reduced S/Cl ratios and increased clast density of the less evolved gray pumice. Climactic events are attributed to vent clearing and exhaustion of the evolved dacite.
Criswell, C. William↗
Metallic Environmentally Resistant Coating Rapid Innovation Initiative
Lightweight alloys such as aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) are often specified for space systems to minimize mass while maintaining structural integrity [1,2]. Such alloys however, have poor tribological response (high friction and wear), especially in extreme space environments, which becomes worse with the additional presence of lunar regolith. This leads to short lifetimes and premature failures that will ultimately limit long term operations on the lunar surface [2]. This project is addressing this technology gap by developing advanced wear- and radiation-resistant coatings for lightweight parts to extend the life-time and sustainability of both lunar and Martian assets. Ceramics were considered for their high wear resistance, but were rejected because of their low fracture toughness, which would be especially problematic for structural components. The novel and existing coating technologies and deposition methods are being tested in this project. The coating materials are Boron Nitride-Aluminum (BN-Al), Nickle Titanium (NiTi), Aluminum Oxide (AlO3), Ti64 with hBN at 2 and 10 vol percent (Ti-2vol%hBN and Ti-10vol%hBN), and the deposition techniques are high pressure cold-spray (CS) and ambient and vacuum plasma-spray (APS and VPS) [3,4,5]. BN-Al, NiTi, Ti-2vol%hBN, and Ti-10vol%hBN were applied with all three deposition techniques, and AlO3 was applied only using the APS deposition technique. A tungstenite (WS2) film was applied to the NiTi VPS coating. The coating and deposition technique configurations are being tested against several key end-use performance parameters. The parameters include the capabilities of the coatings under wear environments such as regolith simulant, thermal cycling from high (120°C) to cryogenic (-173°C), high vacuum (~10-7 torr), and pre- and post-exposure to ionizing particle radiation. Wear tests include pin on disk, three-body abrasion, and surface erosion by high velocity regolith impacts. The initial down selection is being performed using on virgin and environmental exposure samples using pin on disk and three body abrasion wear tests. From preliminary assessment of this testing, a few configurations were eliminated. Ti-10vol%hBN could not be applied using CS application and NiTi could not be applied using APS or CS application so these configurations did not get tested. Early pin on disk wear tests showed poor wear performance of BN-Al so this coating was eliminated early in the testing process. AlO3 on Al substrate did not survive thermal cycling, but wear testing is continuing for AlO3 on Ti substrate. A more detailed analysis is being con-ducted to further reduce the number of configuration for phase II and III. Phase II testing will include conventionally and additively manufactured substrates with surface erosion testing. In phase III, the coatings will be applied to three mechanism types: channel and slot, ball and socket, and a hinge joint. Each will demonstrate a different type of wear incidence. The mechanisms and their base materials are of direct interest to the end users and infusion points: the Human Landing System (HLS) and the Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative (sustained lunar surface operations). The technology development project is based out of Marshall Space Flight Center, has partnered with Florida International University (Miami, FL) and Plasma Processes (Huntsville, Al), and is supported by a group of NASA mentors from different centers.
dust mitigation↗
Analysis of Transient Pressure and Rate Data in a Complex of Enhanced Oil Recovery Fields in Northern Michigan
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) was founded in 2003 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership initiative. Since its founding, MRCSP has made significant strides toward making CCUS a viable option for states in the region. The public/private consortium, funded through the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Initiative, brings together nearly 40 industry partners and 10 states. Battelle, as the project lead, oversees research, development and operations and coordinates activities among the partners. The incremental, phased approach has built a valuable knowledge base for the industry and paved the way for commercial-scale adoption of CCUS technologies. From 2008 to 2020, MRCSP Phase III focused on the development of large-scale injection projects. This report is part of a series of reports prepared under the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase III (Development Phase). These reports summarize and detail the findings of the work conducted under the Phase III project. A key activity of the MRCSP monitoring program was to continuously monitor the CO 2 injection and bottom-hole reservoir pressure in the injection wells and selected monitoring wells in the study reefs from 2013 through 2019. During the monitoring period, which varied from reef to reef, the reefs were undergoing one or more phases of development, such as CO 2 injection without hydrocarbon production, CO 2 injection with production Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), production without CO 2 injection, and idle (no injection or production) in pressure depleted condition. A multi-year record of reservoir pressure and injection rate data are available for one or more wells for each reef for analysis. This report discusses the methodology and results of various types of analyses performed with this data, with the primary objective of characterizing the in-situ permeability of the formation of interest.
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Integrated Modeling Report for CO 2 Storage with Enhanced Oil Recovery in Northern Michigan
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) was founded in 2003 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership initiative. Since its founding, MRCSP has made significant strides toward making CCUS a viable option for states in the region. The public/private consortium, funded through the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Initiative, brings together nearly 40 industry partners and 10 states. Battelle, as the project lead, oversees research, development and operations and coordinates activities among the partners. The incremental, phased approach has built a valuable knowledge base for the industry and paved the way for commercial-scale adoption of CCUS technologies. From 2008 to 2020, MRCSP Phase III focused on the development of large-scale injection projects. This report is part of a series of reports prepared under the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase III (Development Phase). These reports summarize and detail the findings of the work conducted under the Phase III project. MRCSP has been investigating various reservoir characterization and modeling technologies related to Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in conjunction with carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 -EOR) operations in multiple Silurian-age (Niagaran), oil-bearing, carbonate pinnacle reefs in northern Michigan, USA. This report provides a comprehensive discussion of reservoir modeling studies that were conducted for tracking oil production, forecasting CO 2 plume migration, and estimating associated storage in a number of reefs that were at different stages of their CO 2 -EOR life cycle. The modeling process for simulating oil production, CO 2 injection, and associated storage in these reefs entails two phases. The first phase, geologic framework modeling, integrates all pertinent geological and geophysical data (from logs, cores and seismic surveys) about reservoir structure, geometry, rock types, and property distributions (porosity, permeability, water saturation) into a 3-D distributed grid-based static earth model (SEM). The second phase, dynamic reservoir modeling, uses the SEM as a platform to simulate the movement of oil, gas, water, and CO 2 within the reservoir during primary hydrocarbon production, as well as during subsequent phases such as CO 2 -injection assisted EOR, plume migration, and associated storage. In addition, an assessment of coupled process effects is also carried out, where the impacts of geochemical and geo-mechanical processed induced by CO 2 injection are studied.
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗