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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Ionic Liquid-Mediated Interfacial Polymerization for Fabrication of Reverse Osmosis Membranes

This study revealed the effects of incorporating ionic liquid (IL) molecules: 1-ethyl, 1-butyl, and 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chlorides with different alkyl chain lengths, in interfacial polymerization (IP) on the structure and property (i.e., permeate-flux and salt rejection ratio) relationships of resulting RO membranes. The IL additive was added in the aqueous meta-phenylene diamine (MPD; 0.1% w/v) phase, which was subsequently reacted with trimesoyl chloride (TMC; 0.004% w/v) in the hexane phase to produce polyamide (PA) barrier layer. The structure of resulting free-standing PA thin films was characterized by grazing incidence wide-angle X-rays scattering (GIWAXS), which results were correlated with the performance of thin-film composite RO membranes having PA barrier layers prepared under the same IP conditions. Additionally, the membrane surface properties were characterized by zeta potential and water contact angle measurements. It was found that the membrane prepared by the longer chain IL molecule generally showed lower salt rejection ratio and higher permeation flux, possibly due to the inclusion of IL molecules in the PA scaffold. This hypothesis was supported by the GIWAXS results, where a self-assembled surfactant-like structure formed by IL with the longest aliphatic chain length was detected.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Switchable Polarity Solvent Forward Osmosis Water Purification Technology for Treatment of Produced Water

Process and economic modeling suggest that the SPS-FO water treatment process can purify approximately 90% of a produced water feed stream with salinity similar to that of seawater. If the produced water feed stream is supplied at a temperature of ~100°C, SPS-FO process thermal energy requirements could be met entirely through use of heat provided by the feed stream. If the produced water feed stream is supplied at a temperature in excess of ~120°C, SPS-FO process electrical and thermal energy requirements could be met using energy in the feed stream. Though this process is likely to have higher costs than RO, it has an advantage in that it can recover a larger fraction of the feed stream over a wider range of salinity. This can make it economically attractive in offsetting disposal costs of co-produced waters. Bench scale testing currently being performed at the Idaho National Laboratory is advancing SPS-FO technology with the goal of field testing a prototype system in coming years.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗