Sulfur isotopic studies of Archean slate and graywacke from northern Minnesota - Evidence for the existence of sulfate reducing bacteria
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Ripley, E. M.↗
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Comparison of the CEAS and Williams-type barley yield models for North Dakota and Minnesota
The CEAS and Williams type models were compared based on specified selection criteria which includes a ten year bootstrap test (1970-1979). Based on this, the models were quite comparable; however, the CEAS model was slightly better overall. The Williams type model seemed better for the 1974 estimates. Because that year spring wheat yield was particularly low, the Williams type model should not be excluded from further consideration.
Leduc, S.↗
Evaluation of the Williams-type model for barley yields in North Dakota and Minnesota
The Williams-type yield model is based on multiple regression analysis of historial time series data at CRD level pooled to regional level (groups of similar CRDs). Basic variables considered in the analysis include USDA yield, monthly mean temperature, monthly precipitation, soil texture and topographic information, and variables derived from these. Technologic trend is represented by piecewise linear and/or quadratic functions of year. Indicators of yield reliability obtained from a ten-year bootstrap test (1970-1979) demonstrate that biases are small and performance based on root mean square appears to be acceptable for the intended AgRISTARS large area applications. The model is objective, adequate, timely, simple, and not costly. It consideres scientific knowledge on a broad scale but not in detail, and does not provide a good current measure of modeled yield reliability.
Barnett, T. L.↗
Evaluation of the CEAS model for barley yields in North Dakota and Minnesota
The CEAS yield model is based upon multiple regression analysis at the CRD and state levels. For the historical time series, yield is regressed on a set of variables derived from monthly mean temperature and monthly precipitation. Technological trend is represented by piecewise linear and/or quadriatic functions of year. Indicators of yield reliability obtained from a ten-year bootstrap test (1970-79) demonstrated that biases are small and performance as indicated by the root mean square errors are acceptable for intended application, however, model response for individual years particularly unusual years, is not very reliable and shows some large errors. The model is objective, adequate, timely, simple and not costly. It considers scientific knowledge on a broad scale but not in detail, and does not provide a good current measure of modeled yield reliability.
Barnett, T. L.↗
Comparison of CEAS and Williams-type models for spring wheat yields in North Dakota and Minnesota
The CEAS and Williams-type yield models are both based on multiple regression analysis of historical time series data at CRD level. The CEAS model develops a separate relation for each CRD; the Williams-type model pools CRD data to regional level (groups of similar CRDs). Basic variables considered in the analyses are USDA yield, monthly mean temperature, monthly precipitation, and variables derived from these. The Williams-type model also used soil texture and topographic information. Technological trend is represented in both by piecewise linear functions of year. Indicators of yield reliability obtained from a ten-year bootstrap test of each model (1970-1979) demonstrate that the models are very similar in performance in all respects. Both models are about equally objective, adequate, timely, simple, and inexpensive. Both consider scientific knowledge on a broad scale but not in detail. Neither provides a good current measure of modeled yield reliability. The CEAS model is considered very slightly preferable for AgRISTARS applications.
Barnett, T. L.↗
Use of Landsat data to predict the trophic state of Minnesota lakes
Near-concurrent Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and ground data were obtained for 60 lakes distributed in two Landsat scene areas. The ground data included measurement of secchi disk depth, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorous, turbidity, color, and total nitrogen, as well as Carlson Trophic State Index (TSI) values derived from the first three parameters. The Landsat data best correlated with the TSI values. Prediction models were developed to classify some 100 'test' lakes appearing in the two analysis scenes on the basis of TSI estimates. Clouds, wind, poor image data, small lake size, and shallow lake depth caused some problems in lake TSI prediction. Overall, however, the Landsat-predicted TSI estimates were judged to be very reliable for the secchi-derived TSI estimation, moderately reliable for prediction of the chlorophyll-a TSI, and unreliable for the phosphorous value. Numerous Landsat data extraction procedures were compared, and the success of the Landsat TSI prediction models was a strong function of the procedure employed.
Lillesand, T. M.↗
Pre-Keweenawan anorthosite inclusions in the Keweenawan Beaver Bay and Duluth Complexes, northeastern Minnesota
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Morrison, D. A.↗
Nonparametric analysis of Minnesota spruce and aspen tree data and LANDSAT data
The application of nonparametric methods in data-intensive problems faced by NASA is described. The theoretical development of efficient multivariate density estimators and the novel use of color graphics workstations are reviewed. The use of nonparametric density estimates for data representation and for Bayesian classification are described and illustrated. Progress in building a data analysis system in a workstation environment is reviewed and preliminary runs presented.
Scott, D. W.↗
Correlations and contrasts in structural history and style between an Archaean greenstone belt and adjacent gneiss belt, NE Minnesota
An analysis of the deformation along the boundary between the Vermilion Granitic Complex (VGC) and the Vermilion district indicates that the two terranes have seen a similar deformation history since the earliest stages of folding in the area. Despite this common history, variations in structural style occur between the two terranes, such as the relative development of D sub 1 fabrics and D sub 2 shear zones, and these can be attributed to differences in the crustal levels of the two terranes during the deformation. Similarly, the local development of F sub 3 folds in the VGC, but not in the Vermilion district, is interpreted to be a result of later-D sub 2 pluton emplacement which was not significant at the level of exposure of ther Vermilion district.
Bauer, R. L.↗
Transpression as the main deformational event in an Archaean greenstone belt, northeastern Minnesota
Deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Vermilion district constitute an Archean greenstone belt trending east-west between higher grade rocks of the Vermilion Granitic Complex to the north and the Giants Range batholith to the south. Metamorphic grade is low throughout, being lowest in the center of the belt (chlorite zone of the greenschist facies). All the measured strain, a cleavage or schistosity, and a mineral lineation in this belt are attributed to the main phase of deformation D sub 2 that followed an earlier nappe-forming event D sub 1, which left little evidence of penetrative fabric. Previous work assumed that the D sub 2 deformation resulted from north-south compression across the district. It is now believed that a significant component of this deformation resulted from dextral shear across the whole region. Thus the Vermilion fault, a late-state largely strike-slip structure that bounds the Vermilion district to the north, may simply be the latest, most brittle expression of a shear regime that was much more widespread in space and time. Features that are indicative of shear include ductile shear zones with sigmoidal foliation patterns, highly schistose zones with the development of shear bands, feldspar clasts or pyrite cubes with asymmetric pressure shadows, and the fact that the asymmetry of the F sub 2 folds is predominantly Z for at least 15 km south of the Vermilion fault.
Hudleston, P. J.↗
Separability of boreal forest species in the Lake Jennette area, Minnesota
In order to exploit the use of thematic mapper (TM) data to obtain vegetation and net primary productivity maps in the boreal forest, three aircraft flights were undertaken over the area near Ely, MN, with the NS 001 Thematic Mapper Simulator. Attention is presently given to an analysis of these 1983 data, which attempted to separate coniferous trees from deciduous ones. Canopy reflectance models and measured optical properties of the scattering elements have been used to deepen understanding of this separability, and to relate the ratio of nadir view reflectances in TM bands 4 and 3 to the overstory leaf area index. A map that is proportional to the leaf area index for deciduous species is presented.
Shen, S. S.↗
The University of Minnesota oscillating flow experiments
Hot-wire anemometry techniques used to document laminar-to-turbulent transition in oscillating flow are discussed, and two transition mechanisms proposed by Seume (1988) are reviewed. Reliable near-wall data, and the convergence of ensemble-averaged velocities and rms velocity fluctuations will aid in evaluating wall shear stresses and calculating various boundary-layer parameters. Special consideration was given to a detailed measurement program which documents transition at different axial positions for the space power research engine (SPRE) operating point. Future work on the effect of entry geometry and measurements of heat transfer are outlined. In order to better simulate flow conditions in actual Stirling engine heat exchangers, the effects of various inflow geometries are investigated. Once the hydrodynamic conditions in the test section are documented, a measurement program to assess the effect of flow oscillation on heat transfer will commence.
Friedman, G. T.↗
Minnesota College of Design and NASA Johnson Space Center Functional Apparel Design Collaboration
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Lucy Dunne↗
Pathways Toward Electric Mobility in Hennepin County, Minnesota
This fact sheet presents the findings from a comprehensive community engagement initiative focused on advancing equitable transportation electrification in Hennepin County. This initiative responds to the critical need for inclusive and sustainable mobility solutions in the face of rising environmental and financial challenges in the transportation sector. This project has two goals. First, to learn what each community's priorities are and share them with the city, county, and state government to inform transportation plans and projects. Second, to bridge divides between government and community, building pathways for community-guided decision making on future transportation plans.
ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗
MCCCS-MN
The MCCCS‒MN (Monte Carlo for Complex Chemical Systems‒Minnesota) software is developed by the Siepmann research group at the University of Minnesota. MCCCS‒MN allows for the simulation of multi-component molecular systems in the canonical, isobaric-isothermal (including constant stress for solids), grand-canonical, semi-grand, and Gibbs (NVT, NPT, and more than two simulation boxes) ensembles. It uses the configurational-bias Monte Carlo method to efficiently sample phase space for linear, branched and cyclic chain molecules, the adiabatic nuclear and electronic sampling Monte Carlo method to treat many-body polarization effects, and the aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo algorithm to efficiently sample the spatial distribution of associating molecules. MCCCS-MN employs a molecular representation of the system where force fields contain bonded and non-bonded terms. Funding for the development of MCCCS-MN through grants from the National Science Foundation (simulation of fluid phase equilibria and chromatography) and the Department of Energy (simulation of adsorption equilibria) is gratefully acknowledged.
Siepmann, J.Ilja [University of Minnesota - Twin C↗
Pollinator habitat in solar facilities has potential to support high diversity of bee species
Conversion of agricultural and degraded lands to solar energy production provides opportunities to support diverse bee communities—and their pollination services—by creating habitat at solar facilities. Habitat restoration for bees at solar facilities follows the general principle of installing a diverse flowering plant community and assuming bees will come. However, selecting seed mixes for solar facilities is challenging because selected plants need to establish in the unique abiotic conditions of solar facilities and not interfere with solar energy production (tall plants may shade panels). Recent research tested commercially available and bespoke pollinator mixes for establishment success in Minnesota solar facilities and identified 14 forb species that established successfully over three years of the experiment. We ask an important follow-up question: how many native bee species, and which bee species, are these 14 plant species capable of supporting? We used a plant-bee interaction data set from Minnesota to calculate the number of bee species that would be supported by the 14 plant species for the duration of their flight seasons using a published bee species richness function. We found 122 unique bee species (24% of Minnesota diversity) may be supported for their entire flight seasons by the 14 focal plants.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
An Integration of a GIS with Peatland Management
The complexities of peatland management in Minnesota and the use of a geographic information system, the Minnesota Land Management Information System (MLMIS) in the management process are examined. General information on the nature of peat and it quantity and distribution in Minnesota is also presented.
Hoshal, J. C.↗
Solar Potential Analysis for the MISO Region
As part of the Minnesota Solar Pathways project, funded in part by the Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office, Clean Power Research completed a scenario-based analysis that estimates and optimizes the levelized cost of capacity for high renewables penetrations across the entirety of the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) region. The analysis concludes that it can be cheaper to overbuild solar + wind and curtail surplus than to store all generation. The analysis described in this report was preceded by an analysis completed in 2018 that used the same modeling framework to optimize generation resources located only in Minnesota.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗