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Results for “MAGNETIC FIELD REVERSAL”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

In-situ studies of large magnetostriction in DyCo 2 compound by synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction

Synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction is used to explore the physical origin of large magnetostriction in DyCo 2 , an RT 2 compound (R = rare earth, T = Co, Fe), by tracing the crystal structural change as a function of temperature and magnetic field. When the DyCo 2 compound is zero-field cooled down below the Curie temperature T C , the high-temperature cubic lattice is distorted into a tetragonal structure, associated with an expansion of unit cell volume. When a magnetic field is applied gradually from 0 to 6 T below T C , no changes in the peak positions for tetragonal (800) T and (008) T peaks are observed, whereas their relative peak intensities are gradually changed. The intensity changes generated during magnetic field increasing are reversed stepwise with decreasing the magnetic field. Our experimental results suggest that the large magnetostriction in DyCo 2 is caused by the crystallographic domain-switch mechanism (or rearrangement of tetragonal domains). In conclusion, the diffraction elastic strain is not detected under the field up to 6 T. The present investigations provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of the large magnetostriction in RT 2 compounds with Laves phases.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

DYNAMO ACTIVITIES DRIVEN BY MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY AND THE PARKER INSTABILITY IN GALACTIC GASEOUS DISKS

We carried out global three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of dynamo activities in galactic gaseous disks without assuming equatorial symmetry. Numerical results indicate the growth of azimuthal magnetic fields non-symmetric to the equatorial plane. As the magnetorotational instability (MRI) grows, the mean strength of magnetic fields is amplified until the magnetic pressure becomes as large as 10% of the gas pressure. When the local plasma {beta} (=p {sub gas}/p {sub mag}) becomes less than 5 near the disk surface, magnetic flux escapes from the disk by the Parker instability within one rotation period of the disk. The buoyant escape of coherent magnetic fields drives dynamo activities by generating disk magnetic fields with opposite polarity to satisfy the magnetic flux conservation. The flotation of the azimuthal magnetic flux from the disk and the subsequent amplification of disk magnetic field by the MRI drive quasi-periodic reversal of azimuthal magnetic fields on a timescale of 10 rotation periods. Since the rotation speed decreases with radius, the interval between the reversal of azimuthal magnetic fields increases with radius. The rotation measure computed from the numerical results shows symmetry corresponding to a dipole field.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

An octahedral Mach B-dot probe for 3D flows and magnetic fields in the edge of reversed field pinches

Measurements and simulations show that plasma relaxation processes in the reversed field pinch drive and redistribute both magnetic flux and momentum. To examine this relaxation process, a new 3D Mach B-dot probe has been constructed. This probe collects ion saturation currents through six molybdenum electrodes arranged on the flattened vertices of an octahedron made of boron nitride (BN). The ion saturation current flows through configurable voltage dividers for measurement and returns through one of six selectable return electrodes equally spaced along the 12 cm BN probe arm. In addition, the probe arm houses three B-dot magnetic pickup coils in the BN stalk immediately below to the octahedron, to measure the local magnetic field. Inserted in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) during deuterium discharges with 220 kA plasma current, density of 0.8 × 10 13 cm –3 , the probe collects ion saturation currents with sawtooth-like peaks correlated with relaxation events. This compact octahedral design fitting six Mach electrode surfaces within a 1 cm3 cube will enable future multi-point, multi-field probes compatible with the 1.5 in. ports of MST. Such probes will allow for flow circulation, current, and canonical vorticity to be calculated in the center of the finite difference stencil formed by the measurement locations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Monte Carlo study of magnetization reversal in the model of a hard/soft magnetic bilayer

Magnetization reversal in the model of a hard/soft magnetic bilayer under the action of an external magnetic field has been investigated by the Monte Carlo method. Calculations have been performed for three systems: (i) the model without a soft-magnetic layer (hard-magnetic layer), (ii) the model with a soft-magnetic layer of thickness 25 atomic layers (predominantly exchange-coupled system), and (iii) with 50 (weak exchange coupling) atomic layers. The effect of a soft-magnetic phase on the magnetization reversal of the magnetic bilayer and on the formation of a 1D spin spring in the magnetic bilayer has been demonstrated. An inf lection that has been detected on the arch of the hysteresis loop only for the system with weak exchange coupling is completely determined by the behavior of the soft layer in the external magnetic field. The critical fields of magnetization reversal decrease with increasing thickness of the soft phase.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Magnetic and velocity fluctuations from nonlinearly coupled tearing modes in the reversed field pinch with and without the reversal surface

Here, we investigate the role of poloidal mode number m = 0 fluctuations on m = 1 velocity and magnetic field fluctuations in the Reversed Field Pinch (RFP). Removing the m = 0 resonant surface in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST), results in suppressed m = 0 activity without a reduction in m = 1 magnetic activity. However, the m = 1 velocity fluctuations and fluctuation-induced mean emf are reduced as m = 0 modes are suppressed. Velocity fluctuations are measured directly using fast Doppler spectroscopy. Similar results are seen in visco-resistive MHD simulation with the DEBS code. An artificial line-averaged velocity diagnostic is developed for DEBS simulations to facilitate direct comparisons with experimental measurements. The sensitivity of the m = 1 velocity fluctuations and corresponding emf to changes in m = 0 mode activity is a feature of tearing modes in the nonlinear regime with a spectrum of interacting modes. These results have implications for RFP sustainment strategies and inform our understanding of the role of magnetic turbulence in astrophysical contexts

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

High strain in polycrystalline Ni{sub 48.8}Mn{sub 31.4}Ga{sub 19.8} Heusler alloys under overlapped static and oscillating magnetic fields

Martensitic polycrystalline Ni{sub 48.8}Mn{sub 31.4}Ga{sub 19.8} Heusler alloys, with a stacking period of 14 atomic planes at room temperature, were innovatively processed by combining high-energy ball milling and powder metallurgy. Bulk samples were mechanically coupled to a piezoelectric material in a parallel configuration, and the mechanical deformation of the studied system due to the twin's variant motion was investigated under overlapped static and oscillating magnetic fields. A reversible and high mechanical deformation is observed when the frequency of the oscillating magnetic field is tuned with the natural vibration frequency of this system. In this condition, a linear deformation as a function of the static magnetic field amplitude occurs in the ±4 kOe range, and a mechanical deformation of 2% at 10 kOe is observed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Anisotropic heat transport in integrable and chaotic 3-D magnetic fields

A study of anisotropic heat transport in 3-D chaotic magnetic fields is presented. The approach is based on the recently proposed Lagrangian-Green s function (LG) method in Ref. [1] that allows an efficient and accurate integration of the parallel transport equation applicable to general magnetic fields with local or non-local parallel flux closures. We focus on reversed shear magnetic field configurations known to exhibit separatrix reconnection and shearless transport barriers. The role of reconnection and magnetic field line chaos on temperature transport is studied. Numerical results are presented on the anomalous relaxation of radial temperature gradients in the presence of shearless Cantori partial barri- ers. Also, numerical evidence of non-local effective radial temperature transport in chaotic fields is presented. Going beyond purely parallel transport, the LG method is generalized to include finite perpendicular diffusivity, and the problem of temperature flattening inside a magnetic island is studied.

Del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego B↗
DOE OSTI2011

Correlation of electrostatic fluctuation and reversal of toroidal field in the reversed-field pinch plasma

The magnetic fluctuations and electrostatic probe potential have been measured in the Toroidal Pinch Experiment - RX (TPE-RX) reversed-field pinch plasma [Y. Yagi et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 45, 421 (1999)] (at the plasma surface r/a = 1.00). Fast electrons with energy comparable to or slightly higher than the core electron temperature are observed as many spikes in the electrostatic probe signal. These electrons are diffused by a fluctuating magnetic field from the core region. During the period of mild deepening of the reversal of the edge toroidal field, a significant reduction in the spike signal, increases in electron density and soft x-ray radiation, and a decrease in the D{alpha} line radiation are observed, even though the reduction in magnetic fluctuations is not significant during the same period, which indicates that the mild deepening of the reversal of the toroidal field can improve the confinement of fast electrons.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1985

Latitudinal gradients of cosmic rays and the polarity reversal of the heliospheric magnetic field: A preliminary evaluation

Within the statistical limits imposed by the currently available data and the noise inherent in the determination of the latitudinal gradient, no evidence for the expected change in the latitudinal gradient from pre-1980 to post-1980 epochs can be found. In addition, the rigidity dependence of the gradient appears to be the same in the two epochs. Thus, no evidence is found for a sensitivity of the latitudinal gradient to the polarity of the largescale heliospheric magnetic field such as has been predicted by models incorporating particle drifts.

Newkirk, G., Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2016

On the reversibility of the Meissner effect and the angular momentum puzzle

It is generally believed that the laws of thermodynamics govern superconductivity as an equilibrium state of matter, and hence that the normal-superconductor transition in a magnetic field is reversible under ideal conditions. Because eddy currents are generated during the transition as the magnetic flux changes, the transition has to proceed infinitely slowly to generate no entropy. Experiments showed that to a high degree of accuracy no entropy was generated in these transitions. However, in this paper we point out that for the length of times over which these experiments extended, a much higher degree of irreversibility due to decay of eddy currents should have been detected than was actually observed. We also point out that within the conventional theory of superconductivity no explanation exists for why no Joule heat is generated in the superconductor to normal transition when the supercurrent stops. In addition we point out that within the conventional theory of superconductivity no mechanism exists for the transfer of momentum between the supercurrent and the body as a whole, which is necessary to ensure that the transition in the presence of a magnetic field respects momentum conservation. We propose a solution to all these questions based on the alternative theory of hole superconductivity. The theory proposes that in the normal-superconductor transition there is a flow and backflow of charge in direction perpendicular to the phase boundary when the phase boundary moves. We show that this flow and backflow explains the absence of Joule heat generated by Faraday eddy currents, the absence of Joule heat generated in the process of the supercurrent stopping, and the reversible transfer of momentum between the supercurrent and the body, provided the current carriers in the normal state are holes. - Highlights: • The normal-superconductor phase transition is reversible. • Within the conventional theory, Foucault currents give rise to irreversibility. • To suppress Foucault currents, charge has to flow in direction perpendicular to the phase boundary. • The charge carriers have to be holes. • This solves also the angular momentum puzzle associated with the Meissner effect.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Piezomagnetic switching and complex phase equilibria in uranium dioxide

Abstract Actinide materials exhibit strong spin–lattice coupling and electronic correlations, and are predicted to host new emerging ground states. One example is piezomagnetism and magneto-elastic memory effect in the antiferromagnetic Mott-Hubbard insulator uranium dioxide, though its microscopic nature is under debate. Here, we report X-ray diffraction studies of oriented uranium dioxide crystals under strong pulsed magnetic fields. In the antiferromagnetic state a [888] Bragg diffraction peak follows the bulk magnetostriction that expands under magnetic fields. Upon reversal of the field the expansion turns to contraction, before the [888] peak follows the switching effect and piezomagnetic ‘butterfly’ behaviour, characteristic of two structures connected by time reversal symmetry. An unexpected splitting of the [888] peak is observed, indicating the simultaneous presence of time-reversed domains of the 3-k structure and a complex magnetic-field-induced evolution of the microstructure. These findings open the door for a microscopic understanding of the piezomagnetism and magnetic coupling across strong magneto-elastic interactions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Mitigation of rotational instability of high-beta field-reversed configuration by double-sided magnetized plasmoid injection

Active control of destructive rotational instability in a high-beta field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma was demonstrated by using double-sided plasmoid injection technique. The elliptical deformation of the FRC's cross section was mitigated as a result of substantial suppression of spontaneous spin-up by the plasmoid injection. It was found that the injected plasmoid provided better stability against the rotational mode, suggesting that the compensation of the FRC's decaying magnetic flux might help to suppress its spin-up.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Plasma flow in peripheral region of detached plasma in linear plasma device

A plasma flow structure is investigated using a Mach probe under detached plasma condition in a linear plasma device NAGDIS-II. A reverse flow along the magnetic field is observed in a steady-state at far-peripheral region of the plasma column in the upstream side from the recombination front. These experimental results indicate that plasma near the recombination front should strongly diffuse across the magnetic field, and it should be transported along the magnetic field in the reverse flow direction. Furthermore, bursty plasma density fluctuations associated with intermittent convective plasma transport are observed in the far-peripheral region of the plasma column in both upstream and downstream sides from the recombination front. Such a nondiffusive transport can contribute to the intermittent reverse plasma flow, and the experimental results indicate that intermittent transports are frequently produced near the recombination front.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

First-principles theory of the Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 under Zeeman magnetic field

Time-reversal broken Weyl semimetals have attracted much attention recently, but certain aspects of their behavior, including the evolution of their Fermi surface topology and anomalous Hall conductivity with Fermi-level position, have remained underexplored. A promising route to obtain such materials may be to start with a nonmagnetic Dirac semimetal and break time-reversal symmetry via magnetic doping or magnetic proximity. Here we explore this scenario in the case of the Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 , based on first-principles density-functional calculations and subsequent low-energy modeling of Cd 3 As 2 in the presence of a Zeeman field applied along the symmetry axis. We clarify how each four-fold degenerate Dirac node splits into four Weyl nodes, two with chirality ±1 and two higher-order nodes with chirality ±2. Using a minimal k · p model Hamiltonian whose parameters are fit to the first-principles calculations, we detail the evolution of the Fermi surfaces and their Chern numbers as the Fermi energy is scanned across the region of the Weyl nodes at fixed Zeeman field. We also compute the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity as a function of Fermi-level position, finding a characteristic inverted-dome structure. Cd 3 As 2 is especially well suited to such a study because of its high mobility, but the qualitative behavior revealed here should be applicable to other Dirac semimetals as well.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗