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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2011

Northwest Regional Climate Assessment

Objectives are to establish a continuing, inclusive National process that: 1) synthesizes relevant science and information 2) increases understanding of what is known & not known 3) identifies information needs related to preparing for climate variability and change, and reducing climate impacts and vulnerability 4) evaluates progress of adaptation & mitigation activities 5) informs science priorities 6) builds assessment capacity in regions and sectors 7) builds understanding & skilled use of findings

Lipschultz, Fred↗
DOE OSTI2023

Impact Report: Quantum Systems Accelerator

The Quantum Systems Accelerator (QSA) is a U.S. National Quantum Information Science Research Center established in August 2020 and funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. QSA is composed of 15 partner institutions— universities and national laboratories—bringing together pioneers of many of today’s unique quantum information science (QIS) and engineering capabilities. Led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), with Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia Labs) as the lead partner, 250+ QSA researchers are catalyzing U.S. leadership in a fast-growing field that seeks solutions to the Nation’s and the world’s most pressing problems by harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1990

Applications of ISES for the atmospheric sciences

The proposed Information Sciences Experiment System (ISES) will offer the opportunity for real-time access to measurements acquired aboard the Earth Observation System (Eos) satellite. These measurements can then be transmitted to remotely located ground based stations. The application of such measurements to issues related to atmospheric science which was presented to a workshop convened to review possible application of the ISES in earth sciences is summarized. The proposed protocol for Eos instruments requires that measurement results be available in a central data archive within 72 hours of acquiring data. Such a turnaround of raw satellite data to the final product will clearly enhance the timeliness of the results. Compared to the time that results from many current satellite programs, the 72 hour turnaround may be considered real time. Examples are discussed showing how real-time measurements from one or more of the proposed Eos instruments could have been applied to the study of certain issues important to global atmospheric chemistry. Each of the examples discussed is based upon a field mission conducted during the past five years. Each of these examples will emphasize how real-time data could have been used to alter the course of a field experiment, thereby enhancing the scientific output. For the examples, brief overviews of the scientific rationale and objectives, the region of operation, the measurements aboard the aircraft, and finally how one or more of the proposed Eos instruments could have provided data to enhance the productivity of the mission are discussed.

Hoell, James M., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2017

S5: Information Technology for Science Missions

NASA Missions and Programs create a wealth of science data and information that are essential to understanding our earth, our solar system and the universe. Advancements in information technology will allow many people within and beyond the Agency to more effectively analyze and apply these data and information to create knowledge. The desired end result is to see that NASA data and science information are used to generate the maximum possible impact to the nation: to advance scientific knowledge and technological capabilities, to inspire and motivate the nation's students and teachers, and to engage and educate the public.

SBIR↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Visual Understanding of Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy

Mapping chemical and structural properties to electronic and magnetic responses is critical to many applications such as quantum information science, where the precise storage and transmission of unique information is paramount. Specifically, constructing molecules and materials that provide strong polarized responses at tunable frequencies and with large anisotropies is key to optical processing of quantum information. Chiral molecules provide chiroptical response to circularly polarized light, making them attractive for quantum information science and other applications related to sensing, polarized photodetectors, and spintronics. Predicting a molecular design, a priori, with large anisotropies to circularly polarized light is challenging due to the complex interplay between electric and magnetic components of the optical response. In this work, we explore a visual representation of the electronic chiroptical response by decomposing the rotary strength into its constituent components. Here, we make use of the intuitive electronic oscillator framework to develop classical intuition regarding the rotary strength and its constituents. We explore three model chemical systems that exhibit local and global chirality. Our analysis reveals that local chirality necessarily exhibits competition between the local chiral center and chirality induced in other fragments of the molecule, resulting in both unexpected nonmonotonic trends and sign flips in chemically adjacent geometries. Furthermore, we can visually distinguish between local and global chirality via examination of the transition chiral tensor. Interestingly, we make strong connections to ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin systems in that chiroptically inactive transitions exhibit antiferromagnetic-like alternating orbital patterns while active transitions show domain formation in an ferromagnetic-like alignment that produces a net chiroptical response.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2000

Overview of Space Science and Information Research Opportunities at NASA

It is not possible to review all the opportunities that NASA provides to support the Space Science Enterprise, in the short amount of time allotted for this presentation. Therefore, only a few key programs will be discussed. The programs that I will discuss will concentrate on research opportunities for faculty, graduate and postdoctoral candidates in Space Science research and information technologies at NASA. One of the most important programs for research opportunities is the NASA Research Announcement or NRA. NASA Headquarters issues NRA's on a regular basis and these cover space science and computer science activities relating to NASA missions and programs. In the Space Sciences, the most important NRA is called the "Research Opportunities in Space Science or the ROSS NRA. The ROSS NRA is composed of multiple announcements in the areas of structure and evolution of the Universe, Solar System exploration, Sun-Earth connections, and applied information systems. Another important opportunity is the Graduate Student Research Program (GSRP). The GSRP is designed to cultivate research ties between a NASA Center and the academic community through the award of fellowships to promising students in science and engineering. This program is unique since it matches the student's area of research interest with existing work being carried out at NASA. This program is for U.S. citizens who are full-time graduate students. Students who are successful have made the match between their research and the NASA employee who will act as their NASA Advisor/ Mentor. In this program, the student's research is primarily accomplished under the supervision of his faculty advisor with periodic or frequent interactions with the NASA Mentor. These interactions typically involve travel to the sponsoring NASA Center on a regular basis. The one-year fellowships are renewable for up to three years and over $20,000 per year. These and other important opportunities will be discussed.

Green, James L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

University participation via UNIDATA, part 1

The UNIDATA Project is a cooperative university project, operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) with National Science Foundation (NSF) funding, aimed at providing interactive communication and computations to the university community in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences. The initial focus has been on providing access to data for weather analysis and prediction. However, UNIDATA is in the process of expanding and possibly providing access to the Pilot Climate Data System (PCDS) through the UNIDATA system in an effort to develop prototypes for an Earth science information system. The notion of an Earth science information system evolved from discussions within NASA and several advisory committees in anticipation of receiving data from the many Earth observing instruments on the space station complex (Earth Observing System).

Dutton, J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Symposium: Quantum Theory, Quantum Materials, Quantum Computing (Final Report, DE-SC0022551)

Quantum mechanics is fundamental to understanding, predicting, and controlling many physical processes in a vast range of scientific and technological areas. In molecules and materials, the quantum mechanics of Coulombic many-body systems determines far more than the ground state and bulk properties. Quantum mechanics governs magnetism, electron and spin transport, chemical reactions and catalysis, superconductivity, photosynthesis, etc. Each plays a vital role in modern society. As digital technologies push both temporal and length-scale limits, fundamental quantum principles become the current focus for a new class of technologies: quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum encryption, etc. This oncoming quantum information sciences wave is manifest recently in frontier foci of all six Department of Energy Office of Science programs. The Sanibel Symposium offers a proven, influential platform for facilitating and advancing cross-fertilization among theoretical and computational chemists and physicists, computer scientists, and materials engineers. The Symposia have a long, successful record of driving progress on theory and computation of materials, nanostructures, and their molecular constituents. The Symposia thus are well-suited for advancing the quantum information science thrust in the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES). With that QIS thrust as the focus, we propose five sessions of the 61st Sanibel Symposium on the theme Quantum Theory, Quantum Materials, Quantum Computing. From a longer perspective, this thematic program for 2022 is the second year of a five year plan of program segments addressed at challenges in quantum information sciences and quantum materials. The rest of the Symposium program will be of considerable relevance, with, for example, sessions on quantum molecular and material dynamics, and new directions in coupled cluster theory. New ideas for methods and applications can be expected to emerge from the stimulus of the formal presentations and informal discussions. The proposed award is targeted at students, post-docs, and junior scientists. Conscious effort, characteristic of the Sanibel Symposia, to stimulate the participation of women and under-represented minorities will continue.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Roadmap for Quantum Interconnects

Created by Q-NEXT, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Quantum Information Science Research Center, this document is a roadmap for quantum interconnects research and its impact for quantum information science and technology. It is the outcome of the collective work of a large team of Q-NEXT members and participants from academia, industry and DOE national laboratories. The roadmap addresses the role of quantum interconnects in three emerging areas of quantum information: computing, communication and sensing. It reviews the materials, components and systems used for these purposes; summarizes relevant scientific questions and issues; and addresses the most pressing research needs. The document then distills these considerations into recommendations for strategic science and technology research imperatives for the next decade. In addition to informing Q-NEXT’s internal activities, the roadmap has also been created with a broader objective of developing a guide for key issues and research needed over the next decade for the worldwide scientific and engineering community interested in quantum information.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Computational tools for the simulation and analysis of spin-polarized EPR spectra

The EPR spectra of paramagnetic species induced by photoexcitation typically exhibit enhanced absorptive and emissive features resulting from sublevel populations that differ from thermal equilibrium. The populations and the resulting spin polarization of the spectra are dictated by the selectivity of the photophysical process generating the observed state. Simulation of the spin-polarized EPR spectra is crucial in the characterization of both the dynamics of formation of the photoexcited state as well as its electronic and structural properties. EasySpin, the simulation toolbox for EPR spectroscopy, now includes extended support for the simulation of the EPR spectra of spin-polarized states of arbitrary spin multiplicity and formed by a variety of different mechanisms, including photoexcited triplet states populated by intersystem crossing, charge recombination or spin polarization transfer, spin-correlated radical pairs created by photoinduced electron transfer, triplet pairs formed by singlet fission and multiplet states arising from photoexcitation in systems containing chromophores and stable radicals. In this paper, we highlight EasySpin’s capabilities for the simulation of spin-polarized EPR spectra on the basis of illustrative examples from the literature in a variety of fields ranging across chemistry, biology, material science and quantum information science.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Strategies for Superconducting Transmon Qubits with Millisecond T$_1$ Relaxation Time

Significant strides have been made in extending qubit lifetimes by mitigating lossy materials at various surfaces and interfaces of superconducting transmon qubits. We have recently demonstrated a five-fold improvement of T$_1$ energy relaxation time by encapsulating the Nb surface to prevent native oxide formation. To further extend qubit coherence to millisecond timescales and beyond, we are actively exploring novel strategies. Such strategies include substrate preparation, alternative materials as low loss platforms, novel non-oxide forming low loss capping layers, optimized qubit designs & qubit packaging, and optimized Josephson junction materials, processing, and design. Qubit relaxation time T$_1$ measurements will be reported with best T$_1$’s in excess of a millisecond. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center (SQMS) under contract number DE-AC02-07CH11359.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1981

The Deep Space Network: An instrument for radio science research

Doppler and ranging data routinely generated at the Deep Space Stations of the California Institute of Technology-Jet Propulsion Laboratory Deep Space Network serve as an excellent source of radio science information. Important radio science experiments based on Deep Space Network generated radio metric data have included confirmation of Einstein's Theory of Relativity, measurement of the masses and gravitational harmonics of the planets out to Saturn, and measurement of electron density distribution and turbulence in the solar corona. In response to an increased level of radio science requirements, the Deep Space Network chose in 1976 to implement a new radio science system, which was completed in late 1978. Key features include (1) highly phase stable open loop receivers, (2) reduction of recorded data bandwidth through use of programmed local oscillators, and (3) real time digitization and recording on computer compatible tape.

Renzetti, N. A.↗
NASA NTRS1999

NASA Tech Briefs, November 1999

Topics covered include: Computer-Aided Design and Engineering; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Materials; Computer Programs; Mechanics; Machinery/Automation; Physical Sciences; Mathematics and Information Sciences; Books and Reports.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2017

Exposing the Strategies that Can Reduce the Obstacles: Improving the Science User Experience

It is now well established that pursuing generic solutions to what seem are common problems in Earth science data access and use can often lead to disappointing results for both system developers and the intended users. This presentation focuses on real-world experience of managing a large and complex data system, NASAs Earth Science Data and Information Science System (EOSDIS), whose mission is to serve both broad user communities and those in smaller niche applications of Earth science data and services. In the talk, we focus on our experiences with known data user obstacles characterizing EOSDIS approaches, including various technological techniques, for engaging and bolstering, where possible, user experiences with EOSDIS. For improving how existing and prospective users discover and access NASA data from EOSDIS we introduce our cross-archive tool: Earthdata Search. This new search and order tool further empowers users to quickly access data sets using clever and intuitive features. The Worldview data visualization tool is also discussed highlighting how many users are now performing extensive data exploration without necessarily downloading data. Also, we explore our EOSDIS data discovery and access webinars, data recipes and short tutorials, targeted technical and data publications, user profiles and social media as additional tools and methods used for improving our outreach and communications to a diverse user community. These efforts have paid substantial dividends for our user communities by allowing us to target discipline specific community needs. The desired take-away from this presentation will be an improved understanding of how EOSDIS has approached, and in several instances achieved, removing or lowering the barriers to data access and use. As we look ahead to more complex Earth science missions, EOSDIS will continue to focus on our user communities, both broad and specialized, so that our overall data system can continue to serve the needs of science and applications users.

communications↗
DOE OSTI2022

Imaging dynamic exciton interactions and coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are regarded as a possible material platform for quantum information science and related device applications. In TMD monolayers, the dephasing time and inhomogeneity are crucial parameters for any quantum information application. In TMD heterostructures, coupling strength and interlayer exciton lifetimes are also parameters of interest. However, many demonstrations in TMDs can only be realized at specific spots on the sample, presenting a challenge to the scalability of these applications. Here, using multi-dimensional coherent imaging spectroscopy, we shed light on the underlying physics—including dephasing, inhomogeneity, and strain—for a MoSe 2 monolayer and identify both promising and unfavorable areas for quantum information applications. We, furthermore, apply the same technique to a MoSe 2 /WSe 2 heterostructure. Despite the notable presence of strain and dielectric environment changes, coherent and incoherent coupling and interlayer exciton lifetimes are mostly robust across the sample. This uniformity is despite a significantly inhomogeneous interlayer exciton photoluminescence distribution that suggests a bad sample for device applications. This robustness strengthens the case for TMDs as a next-generation material platform in quantum information science and beyond.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2019

Standards and Best Practices - Two NASA Examples

Formal international standards as well as promotion of community or recommended practices have their place in ensuring "FAIRness" of data. Data management in NASA's Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) has benefited from both of these avenues to a significant extent. The purpose of this paper is to present one example of each of these, which promote (re)usability. The first is an ISO standard for specifying preservation content from Earth observation missions. The work on this started in 2011, informally within the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) in the US, while the European Space Agency (ESA) was leading an effort on Long-Term Data Preservation (LTDP). Resulting from the ESIP discussions was NASA's Preservation Content Specification, which was applied in 2012 as a requirement for NASA's new missions. ESA's Preserved Data Set Content (PDSC) document was codified into a document adopted by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). It was recognized that it would be useful to combine PCS and PDSC into an ISO standard to ensure consistency in data preservation on a broader international scale. This standard, numbered ISO 19165-2 has been under development since mid-2017. The second is an example of developing recommendations for "best practices" within more limited (still fairly broad) communities. A Data Product Developers' Guide (DPDG) is currently being developed by one of NASA's Earth Science Data System Working Groups (ESDSWGs). It is for use by developers of products to be derived from Earth observation data to improve product (re)usability. One of the challenges in developing the guide is the fact that there are already many applicable standards and guides. The relevant information needs to be selected and expressed in a succinct manner, with appropriate pointers to references. The DPDG aims to compile the most applicable parts of earlier guides into a single document outlining the typical development process for Earth Science data products. Standards and best practices formally endorsed by the Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Standards Office (ESO), outputs from ESDSWGs (e.g., Dataset Interoperability Working Group, and Data Quality Working Group), and recommendations from Distributed Active Archive Centers and data producers are emphasized.

Ramapriyan, Hampapuram↗
DOE OSTI2023

Climate science to inform adaptation policy: Heat waves over India in the 1.5°C and 2°C warmer worlds

Developing a better scientific understanding of anthropogenic climate change and climate variability, especially the prediction/projection of climate futures with useful temporal and geographical resolution and quantified uncertainties, and using that knowledge to inform adaptation planning and action will become crucially important in the coming years. Generating such policy-relevant knowledge may be particularly important for developing countries such as India. It is with this backdrop that, in this paper, we analyze future heat waves in India by using observations and a large number of model simulations of historical, + 1.5 °C, and + 2.0 °C warmer worlds. In both the future scenarios, there is an increased probability of heat waves during June and July when the Indian monsoon is in full swing and humidity is high, which makes the heat events even more of a health risk. While the highest temperatures in heat waves may not increase much in future climates, the duration and areal extent of the heat waves will most likely increase, leading to the emergence of new heat wave-prone zones in India. The results indicate that the joint frequencies of the longest duration and large area events could be nearly threefold greater in the + 1.5 °C and fivefold greater in the + 2.0 °C future scenarios compared to historical simulations. Thus, overall, the study indicates a substantial increase in the risk of heat events that typically elicit warnings from forecasters. The likely widespread and persistent nature of heat wave events in the future, as revealed by this study, will require planning and adaptation measures beyond the short-term disaster planning frameworks currently in place. Exploring what these measures might look like is beyond the scope of this study, but it underlines the importance of developing climate knowledge with high temporal and geographical resolution capable of informing adaptation policy and planning.

+1.5 °C and +2.0 °C↗
DOE OSTI2021

QCD factorization and quantum mechanics

It is unusual to find quantum chromodynamics (QCD) factorization explained in the language of quantum information science. However, we will discuss how the issue of factorization and its breaking in high-energy QCD processes relates to phenomena like decoherence and entanglement. Further, we will elaborate with several examples and explain them in terms familiar from basic quantum mechanics and quantum information science.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗