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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

FORCE Development Status Update: Vertical Integration and Benchmarking of System Dynamics

Recent efforts to establish effective models for grid energy analysis, especially given the increase in variable renewable energy (VRE) sources and the economic challenges faced by traditional nuclear energy, have generated new technological considerations. One effort to improve the economic viability of nuclear power involves investigating integrated energy systems (IES) which include secondary energy systems that introduce flexibility and secondary market possibilities to existing and perceived future nuclear energy generation technologies. To analyze the technical and economic potential of IES, the Framework for Optimization of Resources and Economics (FORCE) tool suite was developed through a collaboration among national laboratories. Within the FORCE tool suite, the Holistic Energy Resource Optimization Network (HERON) provides algorithms for analyzing the long-term viability of potential IES technologies, while HYBRID provides algorithms and models to achieve high-resolution analysis of coupling physics over a short time period. Continued maturing of the FORCE tool suite requires further interconnections between the various tools in the suite in order to ensure consistent analysis. Analyses performed by applying HYBRID to transient process modeling should be easily harvestable as inputs to HERON analyses. The first item in this status update is a demonstration of an automated data pipeline for loading data from HYBRID into HERON analyses. Application of HYBRID results to HERON, as part of using the FORCE tool suite, relies on robust modeling assumptions for the various models included in HYBRID. The second result of this status update is the benchmarking and validation of cost and operational data, with a particular focus on natural gas energy generators. These generators are benchmarked with a focus on contrasting them with proposed thermal energy storage (TES) technologies.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

2022 FORCE Development Status Update

Due to the rapidly changing nature of the energy landscape in both the U.S. and abroad, including the increase in non-dispatchable variable renewable energy (VRE) deployment and the abundance of carbonbased dispatchable fuels, the Integrated Energy Systems (IES) program under the Department of Energy (DOE) has been engaged in determining whether IES could assist in providing nuclear power plants (NPPs) with a viable strategy for achieving future economic competitiveness. This includes enhanced dispatch flexibility for NPPs, thanks to thermal and electrical storage technology as well as the generation of ancillary commodities such as hydrogen, desalinated water, and synthetic fuels from the heat generated by NPPs. The technical and economic viability of these systems is of primary concern to the IES program, with the intent of providing insight to the wider nuclear energy community at large.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Probing transport energies and defect states in organic semiconductors using energy resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Abstract Determining the relative energies of transport states in organic semiconductors is critical to understanding the properties of electronic devices and in designing device stacks. Futhermore, defect states are also highly important and can greatly impact material properties and device performance. Recently, energy‐resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ER‐EIS) is developed to probe both the ionization energy (IE) and electron affinity (EA) as well as sub‐bandgap defect states in organic semiconductors. Herein, ER‐EIS is compared to cyclic voltammetry (CV) and photoemission spectroscopies for extracting IE and EA values, and to photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) for probing defect states in both polymer and molecular organic semiconductors. The results show that ER‐EIS determined IE and EA are in better agreement with photoemission spectroscopy measurements as compared to CV for both polymer and molecular materials. Furthermore, the defect states detected by ER‐EIS agree with sub‐bandgap features detected by PDS. Surprisingly, ER‐EIS measurements of regiorandom and regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) show clear defect bands that occur at significantly different energies. In regioregular P3HT the defect band is near the edge of the occupied states while it is near the edge of the unoccupied states in regiorandom P3HT.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

PAH/PAH(CF 3 ) n Donor/Acceptor Charge‐Transfer Complexes in Solution and in Solid‐State Co‐Crystals

Abstract A solution, solid‐state, and computational study is reported of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH/PAH(CF 3 ) n donor/acceptor (D/A) charge‐transfer complexes that involve six PAH(CF 3 ) n acceptors with known gas‐phase electron affinities that range from 2.11(2) to 2.805(15) eV and four PAH donors, including seven CT co‐crystal X‐ray structures that exhibit hexagonal arrays of mixed π‐stacks with 1/1, 1/2, or 2/1 D/A stoichiometries (PAH=anthracene, azulene, coronene, perylene, pyrene, triphenylene; n= 5, 6). These are the first D/A CT complexes with PAH(CF 3 ) n acceptors to be studied in detail. The nine D/A combinations were chosen to allow several structural and electronic comparisons to be made, providing new insights about controlling D/A interactions and the structures of CT co‐crystals. The comparisons include, among others, CT complexes of the same PAH(CF 3 ) n acceptor with four PAH donors and CT complexes of the same donor with four PAH(CF 3 ) n acceptors. All nine CT complexes exhibit charge‐transfer bands in solution with λ max between 467 and 600 nm. A plot of E ( λ max ) versus [ IE (donor)− EA (acceptor)] for the nine CT complexes studied is linear with a slope of 0.72±0.03 eV eV −1 . This plot is the first of its kind for CT complexes with structurally related donors and acceptors for which precise experimental gas‐phase IE s and EA s are known. It demonstrates that conclusions based on the common assumption that the slope of a CT E ( λ max ) versus [ IE − EA ] plot is unity may be incorrect in at least some cases and should be reconsidered.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Catalytic Transformation of Positional Nitrophenol Isomers on Highly Active Ag/Linde‐Type A4 Zeolite: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract The catalytic transformation of ortho‐( o‐ NP), meta‐( m‐ NP) and para‐nitrophenols ( p‐ NP) by Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) stabilised on zeolite A4 (ZA4) is presented for the first time. The catalysts are prepared by microwave‐assisted synthesis (Ag/ZA4‐MW) or ion exchange (Ag/ZA4‐IE). The results indicate that the nitrophenol reduction rate depends on the molecule structure and the presence of low‐coordinated metallic Ag‐NPs (∼2 nm and sub nanometric species). Meanwhile, the reactivity tendency depends on the synthesis methodology ( m‐ NP> p‐ NP> o‐ NP and o‐ NP> m‐ NP> p‐ NP for Ag/ZA4‐MW and Ag/ZA4‐IE, respectively). The turnover frequency (TOF) values estimated for nitrophenols reduction are superior for Ag/ZA4‐MW catalyst by several orders of magnitude compared with those obtained for Ag/ZA4‐IE catalyst. In addition, the catalyst exhibits remarkable catalytic stability for the reduction of p‐ NP even after the fifth consecutive catalytic run. The presently prepared catalysts are characterised by superior catalytic activity for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds than similar Ag‐based materials reported in the literature.

Horta‐Fraijo, Patricia↗
DOE OSTI2014

Modifications to Nano- and Microstructural Quality and the Effects on Mechanical Integrity in Paget's Disease of Bone

ABSTRACT Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is the second most common bone disease mostly developing after 50 years of age at one or more localized skeletal sites; it is associated with severely high bone turnover, bone enlargement, bowing/deformity, cracking, and pain. Here, to specifically address the origins of the deteriorated mechanical integrity, we use a cohort of control and PDB human biopsies to investigate multiscale architectural and compositional modifications to the bone structure (ie, bone quality) and relate these changes to mechanical property measurements to provide further insight into the clinical manifestations (ie, deformities and bowing) and fracture risk caused by PDB. Here, at the level of the collagen and mineral (ie, nanometer-length scale), we find a 19% lower mineral content and lower carbonate-to-phosphate ratio in PDB, which accounts for the 14% lower stiffness and 19% lower hardness promoting plastic deformation in pathological bone. At the microstructural scale, trabecular regions are known to become densified, whereas cortical bone loses its characteristic parallel-aligned osteonal pattern, which is replaced with a mosaic of lamellar and woven bone. Although we find this loss of anisotropic alignment produces a straighter crack path in mechanically-loaded PDB cases, cortical fracture toughness appears to be maintained due to increased plastic deformation. Clearly, the altered quality of the bone structure in PDB affects the mechanical integrity leading to complications such as bowing, deformities, and stable cracks called fissure fractures associated with this disease. Although the lower mineralization and loss of aligned Haversian structures do produce a lower modulus tissue, which is susceptible to deformities, our results indicate that the higher levels of plasticity may compensate for the lost microstructural features and maintain the resistance to crack growth. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Assessing the oxidation states and structural stability of the Ce analogue of brannerite

The Ce-containing analogue of brannerite (ie, UTi2O6) was previously considered to be stoichiometric (ie, CeTi2O6); however, it has recently been determined that the material is O deficient. This oxygen-deficient material has been suggested to be charged balanced by the presence of a minor concentration of Ce3+ or by the A-site being cation deficient with the Ce oxidation state being 4+. A variety of Ti-containing oxides (including brannerite) have been investigated as potential nuclear wasteforms, and it is necessary to understand the electronic structure of a proposed nuclear wasteform material as well as how the structure responds to radiation from incorporated waste elements. The radiation resistance of a material can be simulated by ion implantation. The objective of this study was to confirm the Ce oxidation state in the cation- and oxygen-deficient material (ie, Ce0.94Ti2O6 - δ) and to determine how radiation damage affects this material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy were used to study Ce0.94Ti2O6 - δ before and after being implanted with 2 MeV Au- ions. Analysis of the Ce 3d XPS spectra from the as-synthesized samples by using a previously developed fitting method has unequivocally shown that Ce adopts both 4+ (major) and 3+ (minor) oxidation states, which was confirmed by examination of magnetic susceptibility data. Analysis of XPS and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy spectra from ion-implanted materials showed that both Ce and Ti were reduced because of radiation damage and that the local coordination environments of the cations are greatly affected by radiation damage.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Guidelines in review: Comparison of ESC and AHA guidance for the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis in adults

Over recent years, new evidence has led a rethinking of the available guidance on the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis (IE). This review compares the most recently available guidance provided by the American Heart Association (AHA) IE Writing Committee, and the Task Force for the management of IE of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). This represents the sixth of a new series of comparative guidelines review published in the Journal.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analysis of Multi-Output Hybrid Energy Systems Interacting with the Grid: Application of Improved Price-Taker and Price-Maker Approaches to Nuclear-Hydrogen Systems

The growing recognition of the value of hydrogen as an energy intermediate in supporting future power systems with high shares of variable renewable energy has prompted many studies to quantify the economic potential of multi-output hybrid systems, which are one type of integrated energy systems (IES). Because of the complexity of modeling multiple sectors, these studies typically use simplified modeling approaches to capture the interactions between sectors. In this study, we explore the implications of alternative modeling approaches for nuclear-hydrogen IES focusing on a power system in the Midwest United States. We combine highly resolved capacity expansion and production cost modeling tools of the power system with a detailed hydrogen system optimization tool to determine the optimal electrolyzer and storage sizing and optimal operations of the nuclear-hydrogen hybrid resource across three future study years. We compare economic and operational outcomes across a spectrum of modeling approaches, including a non-hybridized base approach; a traditional price-taker approach that does not include the impact of hydrogen production on the electricity system; a power-system-focused price-maker approach that does not account for temporal hydrogen constraints; and two improved price-taker and price-maker approaches that each address the impact of revenue-optimal levels of electricity production on the resulting power system and temporal hydrogen constraints on the overall feasible solution. Results show how a traditional price-taker approach can overestimate the economic benefits of multi-output nuclear-hydrogen IES compared to our two improved approaches that estimate both hydrogen system constraints and power system interaction. We find that hydrogen output requirements and storage size limits are key drivers to overall operations and some economic outcomes. Under our assumed constant hydrogen output requirement, storage costs, test system, and modeling approaches, our results indicate that hybridization can provide a net benefit, but results are sensitive to the treatment of hydrogen revenues and electricity prices as impacted by the power system evolution.

capacity expansion modeling↗
DOE OSTI2019

Estimates of Decadal Climate Predictability From an Interactive Ensemble Model

Decadal climate predictability has received considerable scientific interest in recent years, yet the limits and mechanisms for decadal predictability are currently not well known. It is widely accepted that noise due to internal atmospheric dynamics at the air-sea interface influences predictability. The purpose of this paper is to use the interactive ensemble (IE) coupling strategy to quantify how internal atmospheric noise at the air-sea interface impacts decadal predictability. The IE technique can significantly reduce internal atmospheric noise and has proven useful in assessing seasonal-to-interannual variability and predictability. Here we focus on decadal timescales and apply the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent method to the Community Climate System Model comparing control simulations with IE simulations. This is the first time the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent has been applied to the state-of-the-art coupled models. The global patterns of decadal predictability are discussed from the perspective of internal atmospheric noise and ocean dynamics.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Influence of dopant size and electron affinity on the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties of a series of conjugated polymers

Here, chemical doping is widely used to manipulate the electrical and thermoelectric properties of organic semiconductors, yet intelligent design of polymer–dopant systems remains elusive. It is challenging to predict the electrical and thermoelectric properties of doped organic semiconductors due to the large number of variables impacting these properties, including film morphology, dopant and polymer energetics, dopant size, and degree of polaron delocalization. Herein, a series of dopants with varying sizes and electron affinities (EAs) are combined with polymers of differing ionization energies (IEs) to investigate how the difference between polymer IE and dopant EA influences the doping efficiency and electrical conductivity, and how the dopant size influences the thermoelectric properties. Our experiments demonstrate that at low doping levels the doping efficiency strongly depends on the difference between the polymer IE and dopant EA; the effectiveness of doping on increasing electrical conductivity drastically decreases at high loadings for the molybdenum dithiolene complexes, while FeCl 3 remains effective at high loadings; and the large molybdenum complexes lead to more delocalized polarons as compared to FeCl 3 . To take advantage of the complementary doping characteristics of the molybdenum complexes and FeCl 3 , both dopants are employed simultaneously to reach high power factors at relatively low dopant concentrations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Rotationally resolved state-to-state photoelectron study of niobium carbide radical

By employing the two-color visible (VIS)-ultraviolet (UV) laser photoexcitation scheme and the pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE) detection, we have obtained rovibronically selected and resolved photoelectron spectra for niobium carbide cation (NbC{sup +}). The fully rotationally resolved state-to-state VIS-UV-PFI-PE spectra thus obtained allow the unambiguous assignments of rotational photoionization transitions, indicating that the electronic configuration and term symmetry of NbC{sup +}(X{sup ~}) ground state are …10σ{sup 2} 5π{sup 4} 11σ{sup 2} (X{sup ~1}Σ{sup +}). Furthermore, the rotational analysis of these spectra yields the ionization energy of NbC [IE(NbC)] to be 56 369.2 ± 0.8 cm{sup −1} (6.9889 ± 0.0001 eV) and the rotation constant B{sub 0}{sup +} = 0.5681 ± 0.0007 cm{sup −1}. The latter value allows the determination of the bond distance r{sub 0}{sup +} = 1.671 ± 0.001 Å for NbC{sup +}(X{sup ~1}Σ{sup +}). Based on conservation of energy, the IE(NbC) determined in the present study along with the known IE(Nb) gives the difference of 0 K bond dissociation energies (D{sub 0}’s) for NbC{sup +} and NbC, D{sub 0}(NbC{sup +}) − D{sub 0}(NbC) = −1855.4 ± 0.9 cm{sup −1} (−0.2300 ± 0.0001 eV). The energetic values and the B{sub 0}{sup +} constant determined in this work are valuable for benchmarking state-of-the-art ab initio quantum calculations of 4d transition metal-containing molecules.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Rotationally resolved state-to-state photoionization and photoelectron study of titanium carbide and its cation (TiC/TiC{sup +})

Titanium carbide and its cation (TiC/TiC{sup +}) have been investigated by the two-color visible (VIS)-ultraviolet (UV) resonance-enhanced photoionization and pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE) methods. Two visible excitation bands for neutral TiC are observed at 16 446 and 16 930 cm{sup −1}. Based on rotational analyses, these bands are assigned as the respective TiC({sup 3}Π{sub 1}) ← TiC(X{sup 3}Σ{sup +}) and TiC({sup 3}Σ{sup +}) ← TiC(X{sup 3}Σ{sup +}) transition bands. This assignment supports that the electronic configuration and term symmetry for the neutral TiC ground state are …7σ{sup 2}8σ{sup 1}9σ{sup 1}3π{sup 4} (X{sup 3}Σ{sup +}). The rotational constant and the corresponding bond distance of TiC(X{sup 3}Σ{sup +}; v″ = 0) are determined to be B{sub 0}″ = 0.6112(10) cm{sup −1} and r{sub 0}″ = 1.695(2) Å, respectively. The rotational analyses of the VIS-UV-PFI-PE spectra for the TiC{sup +}(X; v{sup +} = 0 and 1) vibrational bands show that the electronic configuration and term symmetry for the ionic TiC{sup +} ground state are …7σ{sup 2}8σ{sup 1}3π{sup 4} (X{sup 2}Σ{sup +}) with the v{sup +} = 0 → 1 vibrational spacing of 870.0(8) cm{sup −1} and the rotational constants of B{sub e}{sup +} = 0.6322(28) cm{sup −1}, and α{sub e}{sup +} = 0.0085(28) cm{sup −1}. The latter rotational constants yield the equilibrium bond distance of r{sub e}{sup +} = 1.667(4) Å for TiC{sup +}(X{sup 2}Σ{sup +}). The cleanly rotationally resolved VIS-UV-PFI-PE spectra have also provided a highly precise value of 53 200.2(8) cm{sup −1} [6.5960(1) eV] for the adiabatic ionization energy (IE) of TiC. This IE(TiC) value along with the known IE(Ti) has made possible the determination of the difference between the 0 K bond dissociation energy (D{sub 0}) of TiC{sup +}(X{sup 2}Σ{sup +}) and that of TiC(X{sup 3}Σ{sup +}) to be D{sub 0}(Ti{sup +}−C) − D{sub 0}(Ti−C) = 0.2322(2) eV. Similar to previous experimental observations, the present state-to-state PFI-PE study of the photoionization transitions, TiC{sup +}(X{sup 2}Σ{sup +}; v{sup +} = 0 and 1, N{sup +}) ← TiC({sup 3}Π{sub 1}; v′, J′), reveals a strong decreasing trend for the photoionization cross section as |ΔN{sup +}| = |N{sup +} – J′| is increased. The maximum |ΔN{sup +}| change of 7 observed here is also consistent with the previous experimental results for the 3d transition-metal carbides, oxides, and nitrides. However, the VIS-UV-PFI-PE spectra for TiC{sup +}(X{sup 2}Σ{sup +}; v{sup +} = 0 and 1, N{sup +}) are found to display only the negative ΔN{sup +} (N{sup +}–J′≤ 0) transitions, indicating that the cross sections for the formation of positive ΔN{sup +} (N{sup +}–J′ > 0) transitions by both the channel coupling mechanism and direct photoionization are negligibly small.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectroscopic study of low-temperature hydrogen absorption in palladium

We report real-time detection of hydrogen (H) absorption in metallic palladium (Pd) nano-contacts immersed in liquid H{sub 2} using inelastic electron spectroscopy (IES). After introduction of liquid H{sub 2}, the spectra exhibit the time evolution from the pure Pd to the Pd hydride, indicating that H atoms are absorbed in Pd nano-contacts even at the temperature where the thermal process is not expected. The IES time and bias voltage dependences show that H absorption develops by applying bias voltage 30 ∼ 50 mV, which can be explained by quantum tunneling. The results represent that IES is a powerful method to study the kinetics of high density H on solid surface.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Character of intermolecular interaction in pyridine-argon complex: Ab initio potential energy surface, internal dynamics, and interrelations between SAPT energy components

The pyridine-Ar (PAr) van der Waals (vdW) complex is studied using a high level ab initio method. Its structure, binding energy, and intermolecular vibrational states are determined from the analytical potential energy surface constructed from interaction energy (IE) values computed at the coupled cluster level of theory with single, double, and perturbatively included triple excitations with the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence double-ζ (aug-cc-pVDZ) basis set complemented by midbond functions. The structure of the complex at its global minimum with Ar at a distance of 3.509 Å from the pyridine plane and shifted by 0.218 Å from the center of mass towards nitrogen agrees well with the corresponding equilibrium structure derived previously from the rotational spectrum of PAr. The PAr binding energy D{sub e} of 392 cm{sup −1} is close to that of 387 cm{sup −1} calculated earlier at the same ab initio level for the prototypical benzene-Ar (BAr) complex. However, under an extension of the basis set, D{sub e} for PAr becomes slightly lower than D{sub e} for BAr. The ab initio vdW vibrational energy levels allow us to estimate the reliability of the methods for the determination of the vdW fundamentals from the rotational spectra. To disclose the character of the intermolecular interaction in PAr, the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) is employed for the analysis of different physical contributions to IE. It is found that SAPT components of IE can be approximately expressed in the binding region by only two of them: the exchange repulsion and dispersion energy. The total induction effect is negligible. The interrelations between various SAPT components found for PAr are fulfilled for a few other complexes involving aromatic molecules and Ar or Ne, which indicates that they are valid for all rare gas (Rg) atoms and aromatics.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effect of polarity on beam and plasma target formation in a dense plasma focus

Dense plasma focus (DPF) devices are conventionally operated with a polarity such that the inner electrode (IE) is the anode. It has been found that interchanging the polarity of the electrodes (i.e., IE as the cathode) can cause an order of magnitude decrease in the neutron yield. This polarity riddle has previously been studied empirically through several experiments and is yet not well understood. Herein, we have performed kinetic simulations using the particle-in-cell modeling to investigate the problem. This is the first time that both polarities have been studied with simulations in great detail. In our simulations, we have modeled the entire beam and plasma target formation processes, but we did not consider differences in break-down conditions caused by the two polarities. We have found that when using reverse polarity ions are still accelerated and, in fact, attain similar energy spectra as in the standard polarity case. The difference is that the fields are flipped and thus ions are accelerated in the opposite direction. So, in the reverse polarity case, the majority of the “plasma target” (formed by the imploding plasma) is in the opposite direction of the beam, and thus, the beam hits the IE and produces few neutrons. With a better inner electrode configuration, reverse polarity is able to create a high-quality ion beam as well as a high-density target. Both can be comparable to that generated by standard polarity. Furthermore, we will show that it is easier to add an additional solid catcher target to a DPF device with reverse polarity, potentially enabling it to generate more neutrons than standard polarity.

Plasma sheaths↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Fermi–Löwdin self-interaction correction for ionization energies of organic molecules

(Semi)-local density functional approximations (DFAs) suffer from self-interaction error (SIE). When the first ionization energy (IE) is computed as the negative of the highest occupied orbital (HO) eigenvalue, DFAs notoriously underestimate them compared to quasi-particle calculations. Here, the inaccuracy for the HO is attributed to SIE inherent in DFAs. We assessed the IE based on Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction on 14 small to moderate-sized organic molecules relevant in organic electronics and polymer donor materials. Though self-interaction corrected DFAs were found to significantly improve the IE relative to the uncorrected DFAs, they overestimate. However, when the self-interaction correction is interiorly scaled using a function of the iso-orbital indicator zs , only the regions where SIE is significant get a correction. We discuss these approaches and show how these methods significantly improve the description of the HO eigenvalue for the organic molecules.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design, modeling and simulation of nuclear-powered integrated energy systems with cascaded heating applications

Nuclear-renewable integrated energy systems (IES) consist of a variety of energy generation and conversion technologies and can be used to meet heterogeneous end uses (e.g., electricity, heat, and cooling demands). In addition to supply-demand balance, end-use heat demands usually require heat supply of certain temperature ranges. The effective and efficient utilization of heat produced within an IES is, therefore, a critical challenge. Here, this paper examines design options of an IES that includes heating processes of multiple temperature grades. We investigate a cascaded design configuration, where the remaining residual heat after high-grade heating processes [e.g., hydrogen production through high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE)] is recovered to meet the low-grade heating needs [e.g., district heating (DH)]. Additionally, a thermal energy storage system is integrated into the DH system to address the imbalance between heat supply and demand. This paper primarily focuses on the design and modeling of the proposed system and evaluates its operation with a 24-h transient process simulation using a DH demand profile with hourly resolution. The results indicate that the residual heat from the HTSE exhaust is insufficient for the DH demand, and additional topping heat directly from the reactor process steam is needed. Furthermore, the inclusion of thermal energy storage within the DH system provides the necessary balance between thermal generation and demand, thereby ensuring a consistent rated temperature of the DH supply water. This approach helps minimize the control actions needed on the reactor side.

08 HYDROGEN↗