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Results for “HIGH EXPLOSIVES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Composite binder, processing, and particle size effects on mechanical properties of non-hazardous high explosive surrogates

Plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) are polymer matrix composites that are highly loaded with micron-scale explosive crystals. The thermal and mechanical properties of these materials must be well-understood so that appropriate engineering models can be developed, but testing such properties under many scenarios can be hazardous and expensive. A non-hazardous PBX surrogate (“mock”) may be used in place of a PBX in many experiments if the thermomechanical properties are well-matched. Our previous research has shown that 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDOX) is a promising crystalline filler material for the explosive cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX). In this study, we investigate how the binder composition, variations in the IDOX particle size distribution, and pressing temperature affect the compressive strength and elastic modulus. We observe that while the binder system used in the composite dominates the mechanical response, the particle size distribution and pressing conditions do have a measurable effect on the material compliance and strength.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
NASA NTRS2013

Three Decades of Explosive High Energy Transients

Gamma-Ray Bursts are the most brilliant explosions in space. The first GRB was discovered on 1967, just 40 years ago. It took several years and multiple generations of space and ground instruments to unravel some of the mysteries of this phenomenon. However, many questions remain open today. I will discuss the history, evolution and current status of the GRB field and its contributions in our understanding of the transient high energy sky. Finally, I will describe how GRBs can be utilized in future missions as tools, to probe the cosmic chemical evolution of the Universe and the star formation rates.

Kouveliotou, Chryssa↗
DOE OSTI2020

Numerical Considerations in the Modeling of a High Explosive Cylinder Experiment Using an ALE Continuum Mechanics Code

A series of experiments involving the detonation of PBX 9501 encased in a copper cylinder are modeled with the objective of evaluating a proposed set of phenomenological parameters for the Wescott–Stewart–Davis reactive burn model. The numerical analysis is conducted using the Los Alamos continuum mechanics code FLAG. Numerical considerations pertaining to various aspects of modeling the experiments using FLAG are discussed. It is shown that use of the proposed set of phenomenological parameters results in predictions of free-surface velocity that match empirically measured velocities reasonably well.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Tetrazolyl Triazolotriazine: A New Insensitive High Explosive

A triazolotriazine carbonitrile ( 1 ) was formed by diazotization of 3–amino–5–cyano–1,2,4–triazole followed by treatment with nitroacetonitrile. Cyclization of the C≡N bond with sodium azide results in a tetrazolyl triazolotriazine ( 2 ). Formation of the sodium salt of 2 , followed by metathesis with [PPN][Cl] resulted in the organic salt 3 . Compounds 1 , 2 , and 3 were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared, 1 H, and 13 C{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopy and 1 and 3 were characterized by single–crystal X–ray diffraction. Compound 2 has a density of 1.819 g cm –1 , is thermally stable up to 305 °C, and is insensitive to impact, friction, and electrical discharge. The detonation pressure and velocity of 2 are calculated to be 27.04 GPa and 8.312 km s –1 , respectively, making this a 1,3,5–triamino–2,4,6–trinitrobenzene (TATB) replacement candidate.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2026

Direct observation of diamond formation in a shock-compressed high explosive

Understanding the formation timescale and structure of carbonaceous reaction products is critical for modeling the high-pressure equation-of-state of organic materials. We use the National Ignition Facility to shock-compress polycrystalline TATB (C 6 H 6 N 6 O 6 ) samples to ~70–130 GPa and ~4000–5500 K, employing in situ nanosecond X-ray diffraction to probe reaction products and velocimetry to measure transmitted compression wave profiles. Our diffraction data is consistent with the formation of diamond over timescales less than ~60 ns. This represents carbon condensation from a molecular explosive on timescales three times faster than previously reported and the earliest observation of diamond produced from reacting TATB. Reactive flow simulations with explicit chemistry reproduce the observed temporal structure within wave profiles to inform the distribution of P-T states. These findings provide direct evidence of ultrafast diamond formation in a reactive system at extreme conditions and provide new constraints for models of shock and detonation chemistry.

Clarke, Samantha M. [Lawrence Livermore National L↗
DOE OSTI2012

Modeling the Structural Response from a Propagating High Explosive Using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics

This report primarily concerns the use of two massively parallel finite element codes originally written and maintained at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. ALE3D is an explicit hydrodynamics code commonly employed to simulate wave propagation from high energy scenarios and the resulting interaction with nearby structures. This coupled response ensures that a structure is accurately applied with a blast loading varying both in space and time. Figure 1 illustrates the radial outward propagation of a pressure wave due to a center detonated spherical explosive originating from the lower left. The radial symmetry seen in this scenario is lost when instead a cylindrocal charge is detonated. Figure 2 indicates that a stronger, faster traveling pressure wave occurs in the direction of the normal axis to the cylinder. The ALE3D name is derived because of the use of arbitrary-Lagrange-Eulerian elements in which the mesh is allowed to advect; a process through which the mesh is modified to alleviate tanlging and general mesh distortion often cuased by high energy scenarios. The counterpart to an advecting element is a Lagrange element, whose mesh moves with the material. Ideally all structural components are kept Lagrange as long as possible to preserve accuracy of material variables and minimize advection related errors. Advection leads to mixed zoning, so using structural Lagrange elements also improves the visualization when post processing the results. A simplified representation of the advection process is shown in Figure 3. First the mesh is distorted due to material motion during the Lagrange step. The mesh is then shifted to an idealized and less distorted state to prevent irregular zones caused by the Lagrange motion. Lastly, the state variables are remapped to the elements of the newly constructed mesh. Note that Figure 3 represents a purely Eulerian mesh relaxation because the mesh is relocated back to the pre-Lagrange position. This is the case when the material flows through a still mesh. This is not typically done in an ALE3D analysis, especially if Lagrange elements exist. Deforming Lagrange elements would certainly tangle with a Eulerian mesh eventually. The best method in this case is to have an advecting mesh positioned as some relaxed version of the pre and post Lagrange step; this gives the best opportunity of modeling a high energy event with a combination of Lagrange and ALE elements. Dyne3D is another explicit dynamic analysis code, ParaDyn being the parallel version. ParaDyn is used for predicting the transient response of three dimensional structures using Lagrangian solid mechanics. Large deformation and mesh tangling is often resolved through the use of an element deletion scheme. This is useful to accommodate component failure, but if it is done purely as a means to preserve a useful mesh it can lead to problems because it does not maintain continuity of the material bulk response. Whatever medium exists between structural components is typically not modeled in ParaDyn. Instead, a structure either has a known loading profile applied or given initial conditions. The many included contact algorithms can calculate the loading response of materials if and when they collide. A recent implementation of an SPH module in which failed or deleted material nodes are converted to independent particles is currently being utilized for a variety of spall related problems and high velocity impact scenarios. Figure 4 shows an example of a projectile, given an initial velocity, and how it fails the first plate which generates SPH particles which then interact with and damage the second plate.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗