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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Optics Studies for Multipass Energy Recovery at CEBAF: ER@CEBAF

Energy recovery linacs (ERLs), focus on recycling the kinetic energy of electron beam for the purpose of accelerating a newly injected beam within the same accelerating structure. The rising developments in the super conducting radio frequency technology, ERL technology has achieved several noteworthy milestones over the past few decades. In year 2003, Jefferson Lab has successfully demonstrated a single pass energy recovery at the CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, they conducted successful experiments with IR-FEL demo and upgrades, as well as the UV FEL driver. This multi-pass, multi-GeV range energy recovery demonstration proposed to be carried out at CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab focuses on demonstrating highest energy recovery in super conducting linac in the low-current range. Continuous electron beam accelerate up to 7.5 GeV within 5-passes and decelerate in the next 5-passes recovering RF energy and dumps at a low energy dump. The beamline optics design for recirculating linacs require special attention to avoid beam instabilities due to RF wakefields. Usually, multi-pass linac beam lines require stronger focusing at lower energies as that is necessary to avoid beam breakup (BBU) instabilities, even with this small beam current. The CEBAF linac optics optimization is focused on balancing over-focusing at higher energies and beta excursions at lower energies. The race-track-shaped geometry of CEBAF accelerator allows its linacs to accommodate multiple energy beams simultaneously, while individual recirculating arcs transporting one beam energy, are shared between accelerating/decelerating beams. For the linac optics optimization process, an extended strategy is used that is originally used in 6-pass Recirculating Linac design of the LHeC, to represent the ten passes through a single linac. Using proper mathematical expressions, linac optics optimization can be achieved with evolutionary genetic algorithms, with Multi-Objective optimization. This thesis introduces a CEBAF optics redesign tailored to accommodates the ER@CEBAF multi-pass ER scheme. The isochronous arcs were retuned to match into optics solutions for optimized 10-pass linacs. Within this work, a single bunch particle tracking analysis presented here focuses on the further improvements of the beamline and beam transportation.

Neththikumara, Isurumali↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(CrSi)2 by Materials Project

ErCr2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Er–Si bond lengths are 2.97 Å. Cr+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CrSi4 tetrahedra. All Cr–Si bond lengths are 2.40 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+, four equivalent Cr+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.44 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(FeO2)2 by Materials Project

ErFe2O4 is Aluminum carbonitride-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form ErO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids and edges with six equivalent ErO6 octahedra. All Er–O bond lengths are 2.27 Å. Fe+2.50+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form FeO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with three equivalent ErO6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with three equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 62°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.16 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four equivalent Fe+2.50+ atoms to form OFe4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent OEr3Fe tetrahedra, corners with six equivalent OFe4 trigonal pyramids, and edges with three equivalent OFe4 trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Er3+ and one Fe+2.50+ atom to form OEr3Fe tetrahedra that share corners with nine equivalent OEr3Fe tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent OFe4 trigonal pyramids, and edges with three equivalent OEr3Fe tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(CoSi)2 by Materials Project

ErCo2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Er–Si bond lengths are 3.00 Å. Co+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CoSi4 tetrahedra. All Co–Si bond lengths are 2.27 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+, four equivalent Co+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.47 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(NiP)2 by Materials Project

ErNi2P2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent P3- atoms. All Er–P bond lengths are 2.95 Å. Ni+1.50+ is bonded to four equivalent P3- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing NiP4 tetrahedra. All Ni–P bond lengths are 2.27 Å. P3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+, four equivalent Ni+1.50+, and one P3- atom. The P–P bond length is 2.28 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(SiOs)2 by Materials Project

ErOs2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Os+1.50- atoms. All Er–Os bond lengths are 3.18 Å. Os+1.50- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+ and four equivalent Si atoms. All Os–Si bond lengths are 2.40 Å. Si is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Os+1.50- and one Si atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.45 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(CuSi)2 by Materials Project

ErCu2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Er–Si bond lengths are 3.02 Å. Cu+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuSi4 tetrahedra. All Cu–Si bond lengths are 2.38 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+, four equivalent Cu+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.33 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(MnSi)2 by Materials Project

ErMn2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Er–Si bond lengths are 3.00 Å. Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MnSi4 tetrahedra. All Mn–Si bond lengths are 2.36 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+, four equivalent Mn+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.45 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(SiNi)2 by Materials Project

ErNi2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Er–Si bond lengths are 3.03 Å. Ni+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing NiSi4 tetrahedra. All Ni–Si bond lengths are 2.30 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+, four equivalent Ni+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.39 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(SiRu)2 by Materials Project

ErRu2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Er–Si bond lengths are 3.21 Å. Ru+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing RuSi4 tetrahedra. All Ru–Si bond lengths are 2.38 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+ and four equivalent Ru+2.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(FeSi)2 by Materials Project

ErFe2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Er–Si bond lengths are 3.06 Å. Fe+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FeSi4 tetrahedra. All Fe–Si bond lengths are 2.26 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er3+, four equivalent Fe+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.52 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(CuTe)3 by Materials Project

ErCu3Te3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmn2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form ErTe6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, corners with ten CuTe4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one ErTe6 octahedra, edges with four CuTe4 tetrahedra, and faces with two CuTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–48°. There are a spread of Er–Te bond distances ranging from 3.01–3.10 Å. There are four inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form CuTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, corners with ten CuTe4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one ErTe6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CuTe4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one ErTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–63°. There are a spread of Cu–Te bond distances ranging from 2.59–2.74 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form CuTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, corners with ten CuTe4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CuTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–64°. There are a spread of Cu–Te bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.65 Å. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form CuTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, corners with ten CuTe4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one ErTe6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CuTe4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one ErTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–67°. There are a spread of Cu–Te bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.77 Å. In the fourth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form CuTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, corners with ten CuTe4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CuTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–61°. There are a spread of Cu–Te bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.70 Å. There are four inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and four Cu1+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and four Cu1+ atoms. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and four Cu1+ atoms. In the fourth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and four Cu1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(CuS)3 by Materials Project

ErCu3S3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent ErS6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra. All Er–S bond lengths are 2.72 Å. Cu1+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ErS6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent ErS6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–55°. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.41 Å. S2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and four equivalent Cu1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(Mo3S4)2 by Materials Project

ErMo6S8 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.69 Å) and six longer (2.99 Å) Er–S bond lengths. Mo+2.17+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MoS5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Mo–S bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.58 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Er3+ and three equivalent Mo+2.17+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Er3+ and four equivalent Mo+2.17+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(Co2B)6 by Materials Project

ErCo12B6 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a hexagonal planar geometry to six equivalent B3- atoms. All Er–B bond lengths are 3.02 Å. There are two inequivalent Co+1.25+ sites. In the first Co+1.25+ site, Co+1.25+ is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to three equivalent B3- atoms. All Co–B bond lengths are 2.11 Å. In the second Co+1.25+ site, Co+1.25+ is bonded to four equivalent B3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing CoB4 trigonal pyramids. There are two shorter (2.02 Å) and two longer (2.04 Å) Co–B bond lengths. B3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one Er3+ and seven Co+1.25+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(CuTe)3 by Materials Project

ErCu3Te3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded to six equivalent Te2- atoms to form ErTe6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent CuTe4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent CuTe4 tetrahedra. All Er–Te bond lengths are 3.06 Å. Cu1+ is bonded to four equivalent Te2- atoms to form CuTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent CuTe4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent ErTe6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent CuTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 15–59°. There are a spread of Cu–Te bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.68 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and four equivalent Cu1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(Mo3Se4)2 by Materials Project

ErMo6Se8 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er3+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.80 Å) and six longer (3.10 Å) Er–Se bond lengths. Mo+2.17+ is bonded to five Se2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MoSe5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Mo–Se bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.75 Å. There are two inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Er3+ and three equivalent Mo+2.17+ atoms. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Er3+ and four equivalent Mo+2.17+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

An Experimental Study of the Solubility of Rare Earth Chloride Salts (La, Nd, Er) in HCl Bearing Water Vapor from 350 – 425 °C

In this work, the solubilities of the rare earth chlorides REECl 3 , where REE = (La, Nd, Er), were measured in HCl bearing water vapor from 350 – 425°C with water partial pressures ranging from 8 – 170 bar. Solubility data were fit to the Pitzer-Pabalan quasi-chemical model in order to extract thermodynamic parameters for the formation of the gaseous REE-chloride-water clusters REECl 3 (H 2 O) n . The data show that the solubility of the REE chlorides are orders of magnitude higher than salts such as NaCl or CuCl at low water fugacities, despite their sublimation energies being substantially higher. This enhanced solubility is likely due to the high enthalpy associated with binding a single water molecule to form the species REECl 3 (H 2 O), with derived enthalpies ranging from –378 to –465 kJ/mol. Addition of further water molecules to form higher order clusters (n > 1) involves enthalpy changes of ~ -20 kJ/mol, and are in effect thermodynamically suppressed over the temperature range 350 – 425°C. Despite the enhanced solubility of small REECl 3 water clusters, simulations of boiling processes demonstrate that the REE show highly conservative behavior, partitioning strongly into the dense aqueous phase. Not surprisingly, the presence of phosphates in the system makes this effect even more pronounced, completely immobilizing the REE. This would reduce transport in both the vapor and aqueous phase to negligible levels. However, we suggest that vapor phase transport of the REE may play a significant role in systems having a relatively low partial pressure of water (below the saturation point), where the relatively high stability of the first hydrated REE chloride clusters (REECl 3 (H 2 O) and REECl 3 (H 2 O) 2 ) will give a preference for gas transport of the REE relative to other elements. This can likely happen in systems involving a gas/melt exchange in fumarolic exhalations, where water vapor discharges at relatively low (close to atmospheric) pressures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗