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At least 145 records · Page 8

Experimental Validation of Subsystem Models for a Novel Variable Displacement Hydraulic Motor

A novel, variable displacement, low-speed high-torque hydraulic motor is being developed that is expected to be highly efficient across a broad operating range. To ensure the final hardware achieves the expected performance, the models used in the development of the motor must be experimentally validated and revised, as necessary. The specific focus in this work is on mechanical energy loss models that were used to guide the design of a single-cylinder motor prototype and on experimental tests used for model validation. Ideally each model, whether friction loss in a piston/cylinder interface or energy loss due to leakage in a valve , would be individually validated by an independent test. This granular approach would remove any question of where the error lies and result in highly accurate models. However, many motor components have multiple forms of energy loss, creating difficulty in validating individual losses. Additionally, it is not physically realizable to divide many components into an individual model equivalent test. Testing the motor as a full assembly is possible, but pinpointing the source of discrepancies between the model and the hardware becomes difficult with dozens of models potentially being partially responsible. A compromise was found by separating the motor into functional component groups that are characterized by the type of loss and ability to test each subcomponent independently. By checking for correlation between test observations and model predictions, revisions could be implemented into the models. This allows future solutions to be more accurately predicted in the design phase to drive the design of better machines.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Joint Inversion of Regional Waveform, First-Motion Polarity, and Synthetic Aperture Radar Surface Displacement for the Fourth and Sixth North Korean Declared Nuclear Explosions

Here, this study analyzed the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK) fourth (DPRK4, 6 January 2016 M w 4.49) and sixth (DPRK6, 7 September 2017 M w 5.2) declared nuclear tests, employing a joint seismic and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) inversion to improve understanding of these events and enhance moment tensor (MT) inversion capabilities. The recent efforts have focused on employing seismic waveform and InSAR geodetic deformation data separately to analyze these and the previous nuclear tests (e.g., Chiang et al., 2018; Myers et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018). Building upon our previous work (Chi-Durán et al., 2021), we performed a joint regional waveform, first-motion (FM) polarity, and surface displacement inversion, which demonstrated improved source-type discrimination, a revised MT solution with reduced scalar moment uncertainty, and an independently constrained location. In this article, we build on the previous results for DPRK6 by including an analysis using a four-layered velocity model with free-surface topography to compute the near-source static deformation Green’s functions. The model consists of a 50 m basalt layer (⁠V P = 2.07 km/s, V S = 1.2 km/s⁠), a 250 m stratified volcanic deposit layer (⁠V P = 1.73 km/s, V S = 1.0 km/s⁠), a 700 m weathered granodiorite layer (⁠V P = 2.5 km/s, V S = 1.3 km/s⁠⁠), and a granodiorite half-space (⁠V P = 5.35 km/s, V S = 3.09 km/s⁠⁠). The half-space shares the velocity of the regional MDJ2 velocity model (Ford et al., 2010), which has proven effective for waveform inversion in the region. This model considers the range of reported values for various lithologies and weathering effects. Our findings show that using the layered velocity model enhances the recovery of source location and depth for both the explosions by improving fits and reducing uncertainties. The joint inversion also improves source-type discrimination and better constrains the scalar seismic moment necessary for downstream yield estimation.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

TRUST Sensors in Environments: Fiber Optic Displacement (SEFOD) Report

The sensors in environments for fiber optic displacement gages (SEFOD) testbed is a collaboration between W-13, and E-14. Testbeds in this project are focused on characterization and propagation of the uncertainty in experimental techniques used by E-14 in WR-like environments. Discussions with SMEs identified instrumentation as the best candidates for single feature testbeds addressing experimental uncertainty sources. Previous work and student projects have addressed instrumentation uncertainty quantification of thermocouples, load cells, and accelerometers.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Development and Qualification of Advanced Alloys Used in High Helium and Displacement Damage Service for Fusion Energy Applications

This document represents a final report on the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Science (OFES) Grant Entitled “Development and Qualification of Advanced Alloys Used in High Helium and Displacement Damage Service for Fusion Energy Applications” (DE-FG02-94ER54275). This grant has been funded since 1994, by a series of five and three-year renewals. We express our deep appreciation for the long-standing support by OFES for our fusion materials research. The latest three-year renewal was awarded in 2019. This renewal subsequently received a 1- year no-cost extension, followed by another funded 1-year phaseout period. Here, we focus on this five-year effort. The final report is composed of 35 Fusion Semiannual Reports covering the period from 2019 to 2024. In addition, Appendix A lists 158 fusion materials papers published since 1994, with the partial, or full, support of the OFES program. We note that, as metrics of their high impact, these papers have received a total of 8582 citations, with an average of 54 per paper.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Interpolation as a means of shift selection for multilevel Monte Carlo with lattice displacements

The calculation of disconnected diagram contributions to physical signals is a computationally expensive task in Lattice QCD. To extract the physical signal, the trace of the inverse Lattice Dirac operator, a large sparse matrix, must be stochastically estimated. Because the variance of the stochastic estimator is typically large, variance reduction techniques must be employed. Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods reduce the variance of the trace estimator by utilizing a telescoping sequence of estimators. Frequency Splitting is one such method that uses a sequence of inverses of shifted operators to estimate the trace of the inverse of the lattice Dirac operator, however there is no a priori way to select the shifts that minimize the cost of the multilevel trace estimation. We present a sampling and interpolation scheme that is able to predict the variances associated with Frequency Splitting under displacements of the underlying space time lattice. The interpolation scheme is able to predict the variances to high accuracy and therefore choose shifts that correspond to an approximate minimum of the cost for the trace estimation. We show that Frequency Splitting with the chosen shifts displays significant speedups over multigrid deflation

Whyte, Travis↗

Effect of Part Size, Displacement Rate, and Aging on Compressive Properties of Elastomeric Parts of Different Unit Cell Topologies Formed by Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

Due to its ability to achieve geometric complexity at high resolution and low length scales, additive manufacturing (AM) has increasingly been used for fabricating cellular structures (e.g., foams and lattices) for a variety of applications. Specifically, elastomeric cellular structures offer tunability of compliance as well as energy absorption and dissipation characteristics. However, there are limited data available on compression properties for printed elastomeric cellular structures of different designs and testing parameters. In this work, the authors evaluate how unit cell topology, part size, the rate of compression, and aging affect the compressive response of polyurethane-based simple cubic, body-centered, and gyroid structures formed by vat photopolymerization AM. Finite element simulations incorporating hyperelastic and viscoelastic models were used to describe the data, and the simulated results compared well with the experimental data. Of the designs tested, only the parts with the body-centered unit cell exhibited differences in stress–strain responses at different part sizes. Of the compression rates tested, the highest displacement rate (1000 mm/min) often caused stiffer compressive behavior, indicating deviation from the quasi-static assumption and approaching the intermediate rate response. The cellular structures did not change in compression properties across five weeks of aging time, which is desirable for cushioning applications. This work advances knowledge on the structure–property relationships of printed elastomeric cellular materials, which will enable more predictable compressive properties that can be traced to specific unit cell designs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Systems and methods for micromechanical displacement-based logic circuits

The present disclosure relates to a micromechanical displacement logic, signal propagation system that makes use of first and second bistable elements, and first and second mounting structures arranged adjacent opposing surfaces of the first bistable element. A plurality of pivotal lever arms are used to support the first bistable element in either one of two positions of equilibrium. A support structure and a compressible flexure element disposed between the support structure and the first mounting structure apply a preload force to the first mounting structure, which imparts the preload force to the first bistable element. The first bistable element is moveable from one of the two stable equilibrium positions to the other in response to an initial signal applied thereto. The preload force, at least one stiffness characteristic of the lever arms, and a compressibility of a compressible coupling element which links the second bistable element to the first, are all selected to tune signal propagation from the first bistable element to the second bistable element.

Panas, Robert Matthew↗

Mixed metal sorbents for CO 2 /H 2O displacement desorption

The disclosure generally relates to CCS sorbents, particularly for CO 2 /H 2O displacement desorption process. The sorbents include an aluminum oxide support that includes two alkali metal salts impregnated on the support. The two alkali metals include a potassium metal salts and a second alkali metal salt which is not potassium. The second metal salt disrupts poisoning effects that degrade sorbent lifetime. The sorbents demonstrate improved CO 2 loadings and better H 2O /CO 2 ratios, as well as improved stability. Compositions and methods of making are disclosed.

Bai, Chuansheng↗

Hydrophobic sorbents for CO 2 /H 2 O displacement desorption applications

The disclosure generally relates to CCS sorbents, particularly for CO 2 /H 2 O displacement desorption process. The sorbent includes an aluminum oxide support and an alkali metal salt impregnated on the support, and a silicon modification of the sorbent to reduce water uptake by the sorbent and make it more hydrophobic. The silicon modification can be an organosilyl moiety added after the initial sorbent is complete, or a silica source added to the aluminum oxide structure, typically via impregnation. The sorbents demonstrate better H 2 O/CO 2 ratios. Compositions and methods of making are disclosed.

Bai, Chuansheng↗

Sparse Phase Ansatzes for Resource-Efficient Qudit State Preparation via the SNAP-Displacement Protocol

Efficient preparation of nonclassical bosonic states is a central requirement for quantum computing, simulation, and precision metrology. We study resource-efficient quantum state preparation in bosonic qudit systems using the SNAP-displacement (SD) protocol. Existing SD-based approaches typically require a large number of gates and SNAP phases, resulting in complex control pulses with longer ansatz durations and amplified impact of photon-loss and control errors. In this work, we focus on the near- to medium-term regime, in which noisy quantum devices impose trade-offs on the fidelity that can be achieved, which must be taken into account. Specifically, we propose to optimize only a subset of the SNAP phases and introduce three progressively more general sparse ansatzes. To provide fine-grained control and identify the most suitable ansatz for a given target fidelity, we further employ a scalarized multi-objective optimization that trades off fidelity against either the number of phases or the duration of the ansatz. Numerical results for several target states and qudit dimensions up to $d=64$, evaluated through the hypervolume of the Pareto frontiers, show that these sparse ansatzes achieve favorable trade-offs over the fully parameterized SD protocol in both ideal and noisy settings. The advantage is strongest and most consistent when minimizing the number of phases, while improvements in ansatz duration are smaller and more dependent on the target-state family and noise level, suggesting a practical route to more efficient near- and medium-term bosonic state preparation.

Ferrari Dacrema, Maurizio [Milan Polytechnic] (ORC↗

Search for heavy neutral leptons in decays of W bosons using leptonic and semi-leptonic displaced vertices in $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for long-lived heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), produced through the decay of a W boson along with a muon or electron. Two channels are explored: a leptonic channel, in which the HNL decays into two leptons and a neutrino, and a semi-leptonic channel, in which the HNL decays into a lepton and a charged pion. The search is performed with 140 fb −1 of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by ATLAS during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. No excess of events is observed; Dirac-like and Majorana-like HNLs with masses below 14.5 GeV and mixing coefficients as small as 10 −7 are excluded at the 95% confidence level. The results are interpreted under different assumptions on the flavour of the leptons from the HNL decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for neutral long-lived particles that decay into displaced jets in the ATLAS calorimeter in association with leptons or jets using pp collisions at $\sqrt{\textrm{s}}$ = 13 TeV

A search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter using 140 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV delivered by the LHC is presented. The analysis is composed of three channels. The first targets pair-produced LLPs, where at least one LLP is produced with sufficiently low boost that its decay products can be resolved as separate jets. The second and third channels target LLPs respectively produced in association with a W or Z boson that decays leptonically. In each channel, different search regions target different kinematic regimes, to cover a broad range of LLP mass hypotheses and models. No excesses of events relative to the background predictions are observed. Higgs boson branching fractions to pairs of hadronically decaying neutral LLPs larger than 1% are excluded at 95% confidence level for proper decay lengths in the range of 30 cm to 4.5 m depending on the LLP mass, a factor of three improvement on previous searches in the hadronic calorimeter. The production of long-lived dark photons in association with a Z boson with cross-sections above 0.1 pb is excluded for dark photon mean proper decay lengths in the range of 20 cm to 50 m, improving previous ATLAS results by an order of magnitude. Finally, long-lived photo-phobic axion-like particle models are probed for the first time by ATLAS, with production cross-sections above 0.1 pb excluded in the 0.1 mm to 10 m range.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗