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142 records · Page 8

Materials Data on CNClO4 by Materials Project

CNClO4 is Silicon tetrafluoride-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight hydrogen cyanide molecules and eight ClO4 clusters. In each ClO4 cluster, there are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.43 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.43 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.49 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.50 Å. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on C4NCl2 by Materials Project

CCN(CCl)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight chloromethane molecules, four hydrogen cyanide molecules, and four methane molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on MgB2H4C8(N4O)2 by Materials Project

MgC4H4(N2O)2(B)2(CN)4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-42d space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight boron molecules, sixteen hydrogen cyanide molecules, and four MgC4H4(N2O)2 clusters. In each MgC4H4(N2O)2 cluster, Mg2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to four equivalent N3- and two equivalent O2- atoms. All Mg–N bond lengths are 2.18 Å. Both Mg–O bond lengths are 2.06 Å. C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.16 Å. N3- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Mg2+ and one C2+ atom. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mg2+ and two equivalent H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on BH4C4N5 by Materials Project

B(CN)4NH4 is Silicon tetrafluoride-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/a space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four ammonium molecules, four boron molecules, and sixteen hydrogen cyanide molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on MnC2S2(NO6)2 by Materials Project

Mn(SO6)2(CN)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hydrogen cyanide molecules and one Mn(SO6)2 cluster. In the Mn(SO6)2 cluster, Mn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.78–1.98 Å. S2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 55°. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.53 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mn2+ and one S2+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Mn2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Mn2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CdCN2 by Materials Project

CdCN2 crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of three hydrogen cyanide molecules and three CdN clusters. In each CdN cluster, Cd2+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The Cd–N bond length is 2.13 Å. N3- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cd2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Zn4As3C3N3O13 by Materials Project

Zn4As3O13(CN)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of six hydrogen cyanide molecules and one Zn4As3O13 framework. In the Zn4As3O13 framework, there are four inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra and corners with three AsO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.02 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra and corners with three AsO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (1.95 Å) and one longer (2.05 Å) Zn–O bond lengths. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra and corners with three AsO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (1.95 Å) and one longer (2.07 Å) Zn–O bond lengths. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra and corners with three AsO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.04 Å. There are three inequivalent As5+ sites. In the first As5+ site, As5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.72 Å) and one longer (1.73 Å) As–O bond length. In the second As5+ site, As5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four ZnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of As–O bond distances ranging from 1.71–1.73 Å. In the third As5+ site, As5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.71 Å) and three longer (1.72 Å) As–O bond length. There are thirteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Zn2+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one As5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on C2BrNO by Materials Project

CNCOBr crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two formyl bromide molecules and two hydrogen cyanide molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Monthly Sewer Monitoring Report for LLNL Livermore Site, April 2020

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) collects effluent samples from its sewer outfall at the B196 Sewer Monitoring Station (SMS). Effluent flow-proportional composite samples are collected at the SMS on a daily (midnight-to-midnight), weekly (Thursday through Wednesday), and “monthly” (composited from daily) basis; effluent grab samples are also collected each month at that same location. Certified contract laboratories analyzes these compliance samples, and results (Tables 1–3) are used to establish LLNL compliance with the 2019–2020 Wastewater Discharge Permit (Permit 1250) granted by the City of Livermore Water Resources Division (WRD). Supplemental analyses for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) are performed onsite and reported (Table 4) for the calculation and assessment of sewer service charges. Quarterly, effluent is sampled for metals (24-hour composite) and cyanide (grab sample) concentrations (mg/L). The results are presented in Table 5. In addition to the sampling noted above, the SMS continuously monitors LLNL sewage effluent in real-time for flow rate, pH, metals, and radioactivity. Standard measurement methods are used to monitor flow and pH to determine permit compliance. Unique nonstandard analytical methods monitor for the presence of metals and radioactivity using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and gamma spectroscopy, respectively. If an anomalous condition is detected by the monitoring system, an alarm activates LLNL’s Sewer Diversion Facility (SDF) and Livermore Water Reclamation Plant (LWRP) operators are notified that a potential release has occurred.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Monthly Sewer Monitoring Report for LLNL Livermore Site (Jun 2020)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) collects effluent samples from its sewer outfall at the B196 Sewer Monitoring Station (SMS). Effluent flow-proportional composite samples are collected at the SMS on a daily (midnight-to-midnight), weekly (Thursday through Wednesday), and “monthly” (composited from daily) basis; effluent grab samples are also collected each month at that same location. Certified contract laboratories analyze these compliance samples, and results are used to establish LLNL compliance with the 2019 - 2020 Wastewater Discharge Permit (Permit 1250) granted by the City of Livermore Water Resources Division (WRD). Supplemental analyses for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) are performed onsite and reported for the calculation and assessment of sewer service charges. Quarterly, effluent is sampled for metals (24-hour composite) and cyanide (grab sample) concentrations (mg/L).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Sorghum bicolor BTx623 Nitrogen Grown Conditions Gene Expression Profiling

Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside, plays an important role in Sorghum bicolor physiology and defense. The concentration of dhurrin in sorghum is influenced by both nitrogen status and stage of plant organ development. While nitrogen resupply activates the expression of genes for dhurrin biosynthesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional response of sorghum to nitrogen resupply following growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Using a time-course design, we measured hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp), growth, and nitrate content at 0-, 2-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-h after resupply and collected tissue for RNAseq analysis in parallel for analysis of gene expression and construction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). HCNp (mg g−1 DW) increased significantly in leaf and stem tissues following nitrogen resupply, with increases in the leaf partially driven by continued declines in controls under ongoing nitrogen stress. Expression of the dhurrin pathway genes was upregulated in leaves from 24 h after nitrogen resupply, with diel expression patterns observable over the remaining time points. No upregulation was observed in roots or stems, suggesting that developmental context overrides environmental cues. GRN analysis identified candidate transcription factors regulating dhurrin biosynthesis genes, including members of the MYB, bZIP, and GARP-type transcription factor families. Some of these candidate transcription factors may be involved in relieving senescence-associated suppression of dhurrin biosynthesis and link nitrogen signaling to pathway activation. These findings provide new insight into the nitrogen-responsive regulation of dhurrin in sorghum, highlighting candidate regulators for future functional characterization.

cyanogenic glucoside↗

Sorghum bicolor BTx623 Nitrogen Grown Conditions Set2 Gene Expression Profiling

Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside, plays an important role in Sorghum bicolor physiology and defense. The concentration of dhurrin in sorghum is influenced by both nitrogen status and stage of plant organ development. While nitrogen resupply activates the expression of genes for dhurrin biosynthesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional response of sorghum to nitrogen resupply following growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Using a time-course design, we measured hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp), growth, and nitrate content at 0-, 2-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-h after resupply and collected tissue for RNAseq analysis in parallel for analysis of gene expression and construction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). HCNp (mg g−1 DW) increased significantly in leaf and stem tissues following nitrogen resupply, with increases in the leaf partially driven by continued declines in controls under ongoing nitrogen stress. Expression of the dhurrin pathway genes was upregulated in leaves from 24 h after nitrogen resupply, with diel expression patterns observable over the remaining time points. No upregulation was observed in roots or stems, suggesting that developmental context overrides environmental cues. GRN analysis identified candidate transcription factors regulating dhurrin biosynthesis genes, including members of the MYB, bZIP, and GARP-type transcription factor families. Some of these candidate transcription factors may be involved in relieving senescence-associated suppression of dhurrin biosynthesis and link nitrogen signaling to pathway activation. These findings provide new insight into the nitrogen-responsive regulation of dhurrin in sorghum, highlighting candidate regulators for future functional characterization.

cyanogenic glucoside↗

Diffuse Bands 9577 and 9633: Relations to Other Interstellar Features

We study, for the first time, the relations of two strong diffuse bands (DIBs) at 9633 and 9577 Å, commonly attributed to C{sub 60}{sup +}, to other interstellar features seen in optical and UV spectra including H i, Ca i, Fe ii, Na i, Ti ii, CN, CH, CH{sup +}, and C{sub 2} and DIBs 5780, 5797, 6196, 6269, 6284, and 6614. We analyzed 62 lines of sight where the stellar contamination by Mg ii was corrected or found negligible for DIB 9633. Equivalent widths of DIB 9577 were measured in 62 lines of sight. Poor mutual correlation between the strengths of the above features and the major diffuse bands (5780 and 5797) as well as with other DIBs (with some exceptions) were revealed. The considered DIBs are also poorly correlated with the features of neutral hydrogen, molecular carbon, and those of simple interstellar radicals. Perhaps this phenomenon can be explained if the diffuse band 9577 is an unresolved blend of two or more interstellar features. There are indications that 9633 and 9577 diffuse bands are stronger in σ-type clouds, i.e., these features resemble the behavior of reasonably broad DIBs, which are strong in the lines of sight where the UV flux from the very hot nearby stars plays an important role.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Light Element Abundances and Multiple Populations in M53

We present results from a study of 94 red giant stars in the globular cluster M53. We use low-resolution spectra to measure the strength of CN and CH features at ∼3800 and 4300 Å, respectively. The strengths of these features are used to classify stars into a CN-enhanced and CN-normal population and to measure C and N abundances in all 94 stars. We find the red giant branch stars to be evenly split between the two populations identified, and observe the presence of CN-enhanced stars on the asymptotic giant branch. In addition, we identify five CH star candidates based on the strength of their CN and CH band features, and the presence of a P-branch in their CH band. We compare our identification of multiple populations to those based on the Na–O anticorrelation and pseudo-color indices in Hubble Space Telescope UV photometry, and find general agreement between all three methods. Our large sample size also allows us to study the radial distribution of each population, and we find that the CN-enhanced population is more centrally concentrated. We use our C and N measurements to compare the evolutionary changes in these elements as a function of magnitude between the two populations, and show that both populations experience similar evolutionary changes to the surface abundances of C and N. Finally, we calculate C+N+O abundances for each population and compare them to similar measurements made in M10; we find that in both clusters, CN-enhanced stars have a slightly enhanced C+N+O (Δ(C+N+O) ∼ 0.2 dex).

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

New Subgrouping of Multiple Stellar Populations in NGC 2808 Based on Low-resolution Spectroscopy

We performed low-resolution spectroscopy for the red giant branch stars in an intriguing globular cluster (GC) NGC 2808, which hosts subpopulations with extreme helium and light-element abundances. In order to trace N, C, and Ca abundance differences among subpopulations, we measured CN, CH, and Ca ii H&K spectral indices, respectively. We identified four subpopulations (G1, G2, G3, and G4) from CN and CH strength, with CN-weak/CH-strong G1, CN-intermediate/CH-strong G2, CN-strong/CH-intermediate G3, and CN-strong/CH-weak G4. Compared to [Na/O] from high-resolution spectroscopy, we show that CN index can more clearly separate G1 and G2. Since CN traces N abundance in a GC, it implies that G1 and G2 would show a larger difference in [N/Fe] compared to [Na/Fe], as predicted by chemical evolution models. Later generation stars G3 and G4, however, are better separated with high-resolution spectroscopy. We also found that G4 shows a stronger Ca ii H&K line strength compared to that of G1, but we suspect this to be a result of unusually strong He enhancement and/or Mg depletion in G4 of this GC. This work illustrates that combining low- and high-resolution spectroscopic studies can improve the separation of subpopulations in GCs.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗