Controls of nature: Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of the enamel protein amelogenin in solution and on hydroxyapatite
Not Available
Shaw, Wendy J. (ORCID:0000000246967415)↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “visualization techniques”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Redox oscillations in 18650-type lithium-ion cell revealed by in operando Compton scattering imaging
Compton scattering imaging using high-energy synchrotron x rays allows the visualization of the spatiotemporal lithiation state in lithium-ion batteries probed in operando. Here, we apply this imaging technique to the commercial 18650-type cylindrical lithium-ion battery. Our analysis of the line shapes of the Compton scattering spectra taken from different electrode layers reveals the emergence of inhomogeneous lithiation patterns during the charge-discharge cycles. Moreover, these patterns exhibit oscillations in time where the dominant period corresponds to the timescale of the charging curve.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Evaluation of the Radioactive Material Released in the Harborview Research and Training Building and Some Implications for Emergency Response
On 2 May 2019, during the 137 Cs source recovery operation, a source capsule in a research irradiator containing approximately 77.1 TBq was breached. Based on a geometric reconstruction analysis of the damage to the capsule, approximately 46.3 GBq (0.04%) was impacted by the chop saw (grinder) inside a mobile hot cell on the loading dock at the University of Washington Harborview Research and Training (HRT) Building. A very small fraction of the material impacted, less than 1%, was released from the mobile hot cell and then to the rest of the HRT Building. The objectives of this project were to assess the accidental release of 137 CsCl and its implications related to emergency response methods and the ramifications of 137 CsCl transport. The phenomenology of this event was also compared with past alkali halide dispersal events. The vast number of measurements and samples collected by the remediation contractors, the Department of Energy’s Nuclear Emergency Support Team, and the small number of retrospective samples collected by the authors informed the analysis. The techniques included (1) autoradiography and electron microscopy of samples collected from the HRT Building and the irradiator, (2) 3D visualization of deposition on surfaces and within the ventilation system, and (3) a study of the damage to the source capsule to evaluate the Cs particle size and particle composition due to the grinding accident. Subsequently, the cesium contaminant transport through the numerous pathways in the building was reconstructed to assess the deposition on surfaces as a function of particle size. Furthermore, the implications for emergency response are relevant to data quality and management. A Data Quality Objective guides data collection methods so that they have appropriate accuracy and precision for the intended application. Recommendations were made with respect to the sample collection protocols and archiving of samples.
46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗
XRIPL
XRIPL is a library of tools for processing x-ray radiographs and extracting contours of interest within the image using computer vision techniques. Features include spatial calibration, denoising, background and attenuation correction through pseudo-flatfielding, watershed segmentation, contour processing, and visualization. The details of the XRIPL analysis pipeline are published in the Proceedings of the 23rd Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics Proceedings (LA-UR-20-30133) [1]. [1] P. M. Kozlowski, Y. Kim, B. M. Haines, H. F. Robey, T. J. Murphy, H. M. Johns, and T. S. Perry. Use of Computer Vision for analysis of image data sets from high temperature plasma experiments. Review of Scientific Instruments 92, 033532 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040285
Kozlowski, Pawel↗
EXTENDED VERSION OF SOFTWARE POLYLAUE
(SF-24-031) Software PolyLaue, having ANL OPEN SOURCE LICENSE, will be extended by KITWARE, INC. New functionality, including file manager, visualizer and mapping routine will substantially improve the procedure to identify single-crystals across compression with Laue diffraction technique.
Popov, DmitryYu↗
An experimental and computational investigation of the structure and spectroscopic signatures of α -UO 3
α-UO 3 is a common intermediate compound found in the nuclear fuel cycle, yet the exact crystal structure of this material has long been debated. Inconsistent computational and experimental data in previous works has led to varying conclusions between authors. Furthermore, to ensure the validity of our results in this work, the structural and spectroscopic signatures of pure phase α-UO 3 are investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and optical vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman). Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data on pure phase α-UO 3 collected in this work allows us to propose an alteration to the currently accepted C2mm structure (a = 3.9705 Å, b = 6.8553 Å, c = 4.15955 Å, α = β = γ = 90°) for α-UO 3 with no uranyl [UO 2 2+ ] bonds. Raman spectra collected using two excitation wavelengths (two instruments using 532 nm and one 785 nm) are presented, and differences with recently published results are discussed. Infrared spectra from two instruments used here agree well with recently published results, but the spectral range encompassed in our data extends past what has been reported with modern techniques. Additionally, we provide tentative vibrational mode assignments based on density functional perturbation theory calculations and resulting phonon eigenvector visualizations. Unexpected features in the optical vibrational spectra of α-UO 3 are explained by unique features in the structure we present.
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
ATDM/ECP Milestone Memo WBS 2.3.4.04 / SNL ATDM Data and Visualization Projects STDV04-21 - [MS1/YR2] Q3: Prototype Catalyst/ParaView in-situ viz for unsteady RV flow on ATS-1
ParaView Catalyst is an API for accessing the scalable visualization infrastructure of ParaView in an in-situ context. In-situ visualization allows simulation codes to access data post-processing operations while the simulation is running. In-situ techniques can reduce data post-processing time, allow computational steering, and increase the resolution and frequency of data output. For a simulation code to use ParaView Catalyst, adapter code needs to be created that interfaces the simulations data structures to ParaView/VTK data structures. Under ATDM, Catalyst is to be integrated with SPARC, a code used for simulation of unsteady reentry vehicle flow.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Design and Testing of the Vortex Ring Facility
This document summarizes the efforts of building an experimental test facility to study the evolution of the cloud following a nuclear detonation above ground level and support the development of numerical models to describe it. The experimental facility allows nonintrusive flow visualization and measurements of buoyant vortex ring formation and evolution using background-oriented Schlieren and particle image velocimetry techniques. In addition, 3D unsteady computational fluid dynamics simulations using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and volume-of-fluid numerical methods were performed to support the experimental design as well as to provide insight about the formation and evolution of the vortex ring.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Evaluation of the Radioactive Material Release in the Harborview Research and Training Building and Implications for Emergency Response
On May 2, 2019, during the 137 Cs source recovery operation, a source capsule in a research irradiator containing approximately 77.1 TBq was breached. Based on a geometric reconstruction analysis of the damage to the capsule, approximately 46.3 GBq (0.04%) was impacted by the chop saw (grinder) inside a Mobile Hot Cell (MHC) on the loading dock at the University of Washington Harborview Research and Training (HRT) Building. A very small fraction of the material impacted, less than 1%) was released from the Mobile Hot Cell and then to the rest of the HRT Building. The objectives of this project were to assess the accidental release of 137 CsCl and its implications related to emergency response methods and the ramifications of 137 CsCl transport. The phenomenology of this event was also compared with past alkali halide dispersal events. The vast number of measurements and samples collected by the remediation contractors, the Department of Energy's Nuclear Emergency Support Team, and the small number of retrospective samples collected by the authors informed the analysis. The techniques included (1) autoradiography and electron microscopy of samples collected from the HRT Building and the irradiator, (2) 3D visualization of deposition on surfaces and within the ventilation system, and (3) a study of the damage to the source capsule to evaluate the Cs particle size and particle composition due to the grinding accident. Subsequently, the cesium contaminant transport through the numerous pathways in the building was reconstructed to assess the deposition on surfaces as a function of particle size. The implications for emergency response are relevant to data quality and management. A Data Quality Objective (DQO) guides data collection methods so that they have appropriate accuracy and precision for the intended application. Recommendations were made with respect to the sample collection protocols and sample archival.
61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
INS Nuclear Material Accounting and Control Instructional Video Materials- FY 25 Guides
This training video provides an essential guide to understanding and utilizing Tamper Indicating Devices (TIDs), with a specific focus on a common Mylar (Adhesive) variety during the application process. TIDs are a critical part of nuclear security, used to detect unauthorized access to sensitive materials or facilities. The Mylar (adhesive) TID employes a tamper-evident film integrated into the TID that visually indicates any tampering attempts. This video will explain how an example Mylar (adhesive) TID works, demonstrate proper installation techniques, and highlight how to interpret its indicators to ensure the security of nuclear materials.
98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
Laser-Plasma Spatiotemporal Cyanide Spectroscopy and Applications
This article reports new measurements of laser-induced plasma hypersonic expansion measurements of diatomic molecular cyanide (CN). Focused, high-peak-power 1064 nm Q-switched radiation of the order of 1 TW/cm 2 generated optical breakdown plasma in a cell containing a 1:1 molar gas mixture of N 2 and CO 2 at a fixed pressure of 1.1 × 10 5 Pascal and in a 100 mL/min flow of the mixture. Line-of-sight (LOS) analysis of recorded molecular spectra indicated the outgoing shockwave at expansion speeds well in excess of Mach 5. Spectra of atomic carbon confirmed increased electron density near the shockwave, and, equally, molecular CN spectra revealed higher excitation temperature near the shockwave. Results were consistent with corresponding high-speed shadowgraphs obtained by visualization with an effective shutter speed of 5 nanoseconds. In addition, LOS analysis and the application of integral inversion techniques allow inferences about the spatiotemporal plasma distribution.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Graphic arts techniques and equipment: A compilation
Technology utilization of NASA sponsored projects involving graphic arts techniques and equipment is discussed. The subjects considered are: (1) modification to graphics tools, (1) new graphics tools, (3) visual aids for graphics, and (4) graphic arts shop hints. Photographs and diagrams are included to support the written material.
Source record↗
The application of holography to the visualization of shock patterns in a transonic compressor
This paper describes an experiment in the application of holographic interferometry to the visualization of flow in a transonic compressor. The principal objective of the study was to visualize the shock waves created by the rotor blades and to determine their relative orientation in three dimensions. The technique employed double-pulse, double-exposure holography to record the flow field through a plastic window built into the outer case over the rotor blades. Illumination was by diffuse reflection from the interior surfaces of the compressor. No other optical components in or on the compressor were used. The resulting holograms successfully showed the upstream bow shocks and, at high speed, the outer-most portion of the leading edge passage shock. Techniques were devised for locating these shocks in three dimensions and the results were compared with theoretical predictions. In all cases, the shock angles were somewhat larger than predicted by theory, and a distinct increase in angle near the outer wall was observed, which may be attributed to end wall boundary layer effects.
Hantman, R. G.↗
Wind-tunnel investigation of a full-scale canard-configured general aviation aircraft
As part of a broad research program to provide a data base on advanced airplane configurations, a wind-tunnel investigation was conducted in the Langley 30-by 60-Foot Wind Tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of an advanced canard-configured general aviation airplane. The investigation included measurements of forces and moments of the complete configuration, isolated canard loads, and pressure distributions on the wing, winglet, and canard. Flow visualization was obtained by using surface tufts to determine regions of flow separation and by using a chemical sublimation technique to determine boundary-layer transition locations. Additionally, other tests were conducted to determine simulated rain effects on boundary layer transition. Investigation of configuration effects included variations of canard locations, canard airfoil section, winglet size, and use of a leading-edge droop on the out-board section of the wing.
Yip, L. P.↗
Holographic aids for internal combustion engine flow studies
Worldwide interest in improving the fuel efficiency of internal combustion (I.C.) engines has sparked research efforts designed to learn more about the flow processes of these engines. The flow fields must be understood prior to fuel injection in order to design efficient valves, piston geometries, and fuel injectors. Knowledge of the flow field is also necessary to determine the heat transfer to combustion chamber surfaces. Computational codes can predict velocity and turbulence patterns, but experimental verification is mandatory to justify their basic assumptions. Due to their nonintrusive nature, optical methods are ideally suited to provide the necessary velocity verification data. Optical sytems such as Schlieren photography, laser velocimetry, and illuminated particle visualization are used in I.C. engines, and now their versatility is improved by employing holography. These holographically enhanced optical techniques are described with emphasis on their applications in I.C. engines.
Regan, C.↗
Sampling system for wheat (Triticum aestivum L) area estimation using digital LANDSAT MSS data and aerial photographs
A procedure to estimate wheat (Triticum aestivum L) area using sampling technique based on aerial photographs and digital LANDSAT MSS data is developed. Aerial photographs covering 720 square km are visually analyzed. To estimate wheat area, a regression approach is applied using different sample sizes and various sampling units. As the size of sampling unit decreased, the percentage of sampled area required to obtain similar estimation performance also decreased. The lowest percentage of the area sampled for wheat estimation with relatively high precision and accuracy through regression estimation is 13.90% using 10 square km as the sampling unit. Wheat area estimation using only aerial photographs is less precise and accurate than those obtained by regression estimation.
Parada, N. D. J.↗
Development of a tether deployment monitoring system
The feasibility of monitoring the position of a tether during orbital deployment is discussed. Attention is given to the techniques for attaching reflectors to the tether at periodic intervals during the deployment process, which could then be tracked visually or with a radar unit that is pointed towards the targets by the control system. Consideration is also given to a method for tether attitude and tension detection, and a launching device to attach small instrumentation platforms onto the tether during deployment. The configuration of a tether deployment monitoring system (TEDEMS) and the equipment developed to perform the above tasks are described, along with an analysis of requirements for the construction of a family of space-borne TEDEMS suitable for use on the Space Shuttle, Expendable Launch Vehicles, or the Space Station. The potential uses of the TEDEMS for launching small tether-borne experimental packages are discussed. Design and block diagrams are included.
Ibanez, P.↗
A large-field laser holographic focusing schilieren system
A large-field laser holographic focusing schlieren system for high-speed flow visualization has been built and evaluated. This system is based on a recently improved large-field focusing schlieren technique and is combined with laser holography methods to record three-dimensional flows. A coordinated experimental and computational study of supersonic flows over wedge, cone, and sphere geometries was conducted to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the system. The ability of the system to focus on planes normal to its optical axis is demonstrated. The sharpness of focus of the present system was found to be limited. Issues regarding obtaining quantitative measurements of the density gradient are discussed.
Doggett, Glen P.↗