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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Scaling Up: Demonstrating Risk Reduction and Cost Compression for Commercial Heat Pump Water Heaters (CRADA 625) (Final Report)

This report is a final deliverable for project 81966: Scaling Up: Demonstrating Risk Reduction and Cost Compression for Commercial Heat Pump Water Heaters (CRADA 625) Commercial heat pump water heater (CHPWH) systems can significantly improve the energy efficiency of service water heating (SWH), aka domestic hot water (DHW), in commercial and multifamily buildings but have not yet achieved widespread adoption due to pricing, complexity, and perceived risk factors. The goal of this project – Scaling Up: Demonstrating Risk Reduction and Cost Compression for Commercial HPWHs (Scaling Up) – was to demonstrate and validate a holistic systems approach for CHPWHs that de-risks the technology, creating a reliable, cost-effective, and repeatable approach to CHPWH deployment.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Deployable UHV Pump

This project presents an external motorized actuation system for a deployable ultra-high vacuum (UHV) pump, enabling internal motion without compromising vacuum conditions. All active components remain external due to environmental and space constraints. A motor-driven mechanical feedthrough transfers motion into the pump, supported by a modular, adjustable mounting system that maintains alignment and integrates with existing hardware. CAD modeling and iterative design were used to refine geometry and ensure proper fit. The final design reliably transfers motion while maintaining alignment and structural integrity. Its adjustability improves installation and maintenance, demonstrating a practical solution for actuation in UHV systems.

Remington, Austin [Northern Illinois U.]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Impact analysis of heating electrification in US buildings with geothermal heat pumps

Few studies have investigated the impacts of large-scale deployment of geothermal heat pumps (GHPs, also called ground source heat pumps) on the electric grid. GHPs utilize the ground as a heat source to warm buildings more efficiently than other space-heating systems. The coupling with the ground offers seasonal thermal storage so that GHPs can also cool buildings in summer more efficiently than other space-cooling systems. This study simulated the performance of GHP systems for various commercial and residential buildings in 15 climate zones in the United States. Combined with the latest End-Use Load Profiles of the US building stock and grid modeling, this study aims to assess the impacts of a national deployment of GHP systems on the US electric grid in terms of energy consumption, emissions, and operational resilience. The preliminary results show that the GHP deployment can save 429 billion kWh of electricity (a 19% reduction from baseline) and reduce carbon emissions by 496 million tons per year (a 31 % reduction from baseline). A geographical view of the results indicates that retrofitting existing HVAC systems with new GHP systems can lead to further reductions in annual electricity consumption and peak electricity demand in the southern regions of the United States than in other parts of the country. On the other hand, GHP retrofits result in higher percentages of site energy savings and carbon emission reduction in the north (cold climates) than in the south (warm climates).

Liu, Xiaobing↗
DOE OSTI2022

Experimental performance analysis of a dual source heat pump integrated with thermal energy storage

To mitigate disturbances to the electric grid resulting from the growing penetration of intermittent and decentralized renewable generation, a dual-source (air source and ground source) heat pump (DSHP) integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) was developed. The DSHP can use either ambient air or the shallow subsurface of the ground to provide space heating or space cooling to the building as the conventional heat pump and produce hot/cold water for charging TES. Using dual sources (air and ground) can reduce the required size of the expensive ground heat exchangers while retaining high energy efficiency. During the off-peak period, the DSHP cools/heats the TES with low-cost electricity or overproduced renewable power. The stored cooling/heating energy in the TES is released during peak hours of the electric grid to meet the thermal demands of the building without consuming electricity to run the DSHP. A 2-ton (7 kW) prototype DSHP was developed and integrated with a 50-gallon (189 L) TES tank filled with a phase change material. Field tests were conducted to characterize the performance of the integrated system operating in various operation modes.

Wang, Lingshi↗
DOE OSTI2016

A solar-pumped fluorescence model for line-by-line emission intensities in the B–X, A–X, AND X–X band systems of {sup 12}C{sup 14}N

We present a new quantitative model for detailed solar-pumped fluorescent emission of the main isotopologue of CN. The derived fluorescence efficiencies permit estimation and interpretation of ro-vibrational infrared line intensities of CN in exospheres exposed to solar (or stellar) radiation. Our g-factors are applicable to astronomical observations of CN extending from infrared to optical wavelengths, and we compare them with previous calculations in the literature. The new model enables extraction of rotational temperature, column abundance, and production rate from astronomical observations of CN in the inner coma of comets. Our model accounts for excitation and de-excitation of rotational levels in the ground vibrational state by collisions, solar excitation to the A{sup 2}Π{sub i} and B{sup 2}Σ{sup +} electronically excited states followed by cascade to ro-vibrational levels of X{sup 2}Σ{sup +}, and direct solar infrared pumping of ro-vibrational levels in the X{sup 2}Σ{sup +} state. The model uses advanced solar spectra acquired at high spectral resolution at the relevant infrared and optical wavelengths and considers the heliocentric radial velocity of the comet (the Swings effect) when assessing the exciting solar flux for a given transition. We present model predictions for the variation of fluorescence rates with rotational temperature and heliocentric radial velocity. Furthermore, we test our fluorescence model by comparing predicted and measured line-by-line intensities for X{sup 2}Σ{sup +} (1–0) in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), thereby identifying multiple emission lines observed at IR wavelengths.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

ALMA Multiple-transition Molecular Line Observations of the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS 20551–4250: Different HCN, HCO{sup +}, and HNC Excitation, and Implications for Infrared Radiative Pumping

We present our ALMA multi-transition molecular line observational results for the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 20551−4250, which is known to contain a luminous buried active galactic nucleus and shows detectable vibrationally excited (v {sub 2} = 1f) HCN and HNC emission lines. The rotational J = 1–0, 4–3, and 8–7 of HCN, HCO{sup +}, and HNC emission lines were clearly detected at a vibrational ground level (v = 0). Vibrationally excited (v {sub 2} = 1f) J = 4–3 emission lines were detected for HCN and HNC, but not for HCO{sup +}. Their observed flux ratios further support our previously obtained suggestion, based on J = 3–2 data, that (1) infrared radiative pumping plays a role in rotational excitation at v = 0, at least for HCN and HNC, and (2) HCN abundance is higher than HCO{sup +} and HNC. The flux measurements of the isotopologue H{sup 13}CN, H{sup 13}CO{sup +}, and HN{sup 13}C J = 3–2 emission lines support the higher HCN abundance scenario. Based on modeling with collisional excitation, we constrain the physical properties of these line-emitting molecular gases, but find that higher HNC rotational excitation than HCN and HCO{sup +} is difficult to explain, due to the higher effective critical density of HNC. We consider the effects of infrared radiative pumping using the available 5–30 μm infrared spectrum and find that our observational results are well-explained if the radiation source is located at 30–100 pc from the molecular gas. The simultaneously covered very bright CO J = 3–2 emission line displays a broad emission wing, which we interpret as being due to molecular outflow activity with the estimated rate of ∼150 M{sub ⊙} yr{sup −1}.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Development and characterization of an ice-selecting pumped counterflow virtual impactor (IS-PCVI) to study ice crystal residuals

Separation of particles that play a role in cloud activation and ice nucleation from interstitial aerosols has become necessary to further understand aerosol-cloud interactions. The pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI), which uses a vacuum pump to accelerate the particles and increase their momentum, provides an accessible option for dynamic and inertial separation of cloud elements. However, the use of a traditional PCVI to extract large cloud hydrometeors is difficult mainly due to its small cut-size diameters (< 5 µm). Here, for the first time we describe a development of an ice-selecting PCVI (IS-PCVI) to separate ice in controlled mixed-phase cloud system based on the particle inertia with the cut-off diameter ≥ 10 µm. We also present its laboratory application demonstrating the use of the impactor under a wide range of temperature and humidity conditions. The computational fluid dynamics simulations were initially carried out to guide the design of the IS-PCVI. After fabrication, a series of validation laboratory experiments were performed coupled with the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) expansion cloud simulation chamber. In the AIDA chamber, test aerosol particles were exposed to the ice supersaturation conditions (i.e., RH ice > 100 %), where a mixture of droplets and ice crystals was formed during the expansion experiment. In parallel, the flow conditions of the IS-PCVI were actively controlled, such that it separated ice crystals from a mixture of ice crystals and cloud droplets, which were of diameter ≥ 10 µm. These large ice crystals were passed through the heated evaporation section to remove the water content. Afterwards, the residuals were characterized with a suite of online and offline instruments downstream of the IS-PCVI. These results were used to assess the optimized operating parameters of the device in terms of (1) the critical cut-size diameter, (2) the transmission efficiency and (3) the counterflow-to-input flow ratio. Particle losses were characterized by comparing the residual number concentration to the rejected interstitial particle number concentration. Overall results suggest that the IS-PCVI enables inertial separation of particles with a volume-equivalent particle size in the range of ~&thinsp;10–30 µm in diameter with small inadvertent intrusion (~ &thinsp;5 %) of unwanted particles.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1964

Fine-particle filter prevents damage to vacuum pumps

A filter system for mechanical pumps is designed with a baffle assembly that rotates in a circulating oil bath which traps destructive particles. This prevents severe damage to the pump and is serviceable for long periods before it requires cleaning.

Harlamert, P., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1966

Closed loop operation eliminates need for auxiliary gas in high pressure pumping station

Closed loop system for a liquid nitrogen high pressure pump feeds back gaseous nitrogen generated by heat leak into the reservoir to maintain the pressure in the storage tank. This safer, more efficient system eliminates the need for auxiliary gas to maintain the tank pressure and can be used on relatively high cryogenic pumping systems.

Landy, D. G.↗
NASA NTRS1967

Negative feedback system reduces pump oscillations

External negative feedback system counteracts low frequency oscillations in rocket engine propellant pumps. The system uses a control piston to sense pump discharge fluid on one side and a gas pocket on the other.

Rosenmann, W.↗
NASA NTRS1968

Flow tube used to cool solar-pumped laser

A flow tube has been designed and constructed to provide two major functions in the application of a laser beam for transmission of both sound and video. It maintains the YAG laser at the proper operating temperature of 300 degrees K under solar pumping conditions, and it serves as a pump cavity for the laser crystal.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1968

Cb-1zr Pumped Sodium Loop

Cb-1Zr pumped sodium loop tests to evaluate loop components, EM pump, pressure transducers, and instrumentation techniques

Hoffman, E. E.↗