Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “linearization”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,423 records · Page 79
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Linear optics compensation for the HEX superconducting wiggler at NSLS-II

At the NSLS-II ring, a 1.2 m long superconducting wiggler with the maximum 4.34T magnetic field has been installed at a low-β straight section (cell 27) to drive the high energy engineering X-ray scattering (HEX) beamline. To mitigate the potential performance degradation due to the linear optics distortion, a local compensation scheme was adopted and confirmed with the online beam measurement. A feedforward control to enable a dynamic compensation of the linear optics distortion was deployed. It can maintain the storage ring lattice performance when the device main coil current ramps.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

A KEY PHYSICAL MECHANISM FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ENIGMATIC LINEAR POLARIZATION OF THE SOLAR Ba II AND Na I D{sub 1} LINES

The linearly polarized spectrum of the solar limb radiation produced by scattering processes is of great diagnostic potential for exploring the magnetism of the solar atmosphere. This spectrum shows an impressive richness of spectral details and enigmatic Q/I signals, whose physical origin must be clearly understood before they can be exploited for diagnostic purposes. The most enduring enigma is represented by the polarization signals observed in the D{sub 1} resonance lines of Na I (5896 A) and Ba II (4934 A), which were expected to be intrinsically unpolarizable. The totality of sodium and 18% of barium have hyperfine structure (HFS), and it has been argued that the only way to produce a scattering polarization signal in such lines is through the presence of a substantial amount of atomic polarization in their lower HFS levels. The strong sensitivity of these long-lived levels to depolarizing mechanisms led to the paradoxical conclusion that the observed D{sub 1}-line polarization is incompatible with the presence in the lower solar chromosphere of inclined magnetic fields sensibly stronger than 0.01 G. Here we show that by properly taking into account the fact that the solar D{sub 1}-line radiation has a non-negligible spectral structure over the short frequency interval spanned by the HFS transitions, it is possible to produce scattering polarization signals in the D{sub 1} lines of Na I and Ba II without the need of ground-level polarization. The resulting linear polarization is not so easily destroyed by elastic collisions and/or magnetic fields.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

OBSERVATIONS OF LINEAR POLARIZATION IN A SOLAR CORONAL LOOP PROMINENCE SYSTEM OBSERVED NEAR 6173 Å

White-light observations by the Solar Dynamics Observatory's Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager of a loop-prominence system occurring in the aftermath of an X-class flare on 2013 May 13 near the eastern solar limb show a linearly polarized component, reaching up to ∼20% at an altitude of ∼33 Mm, about the maximum amount expected if the emission were due solely to Thomson scattering of photospheric light by the coronal material. The mass associated with the polarized component was 8.2 × 10{sup 14} g. At 15 Mm altitude, the brightest part of the loop was 3(±0.5)% linearly polarized, only about 20% of that expected from pure Thomson scattering, indicating the presence of an additional unpolarized component at wavelengths near Fe I (617.33 nm). We estimate the free electron density of the white-light loop system to possibly be as high as 1.8 × 10{sup 12} cm{sup –3}.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Asynchronous quadratic control for constrained hidden markov jump linear systems with incomplete MTPM and MOCPM

Abstract This paper investigates the quadratic optimal control problem for constrained Markov jump linear systems with incomplete mode transition probability matrix (MTPM). Considering original system mode is not accessible, observed mode is utilized for asynchronous controller design where mode observation conditional probability matrix (MOCPM), which characterizes the emission between original modes and observed modes is assumed to be partially known. An LMI optimization problem is formulated for such constrained hidden Markov jump linear systems with incomplete MTPM and MOCPM. Based on this, a feasible state-feedback controller can be designed with the application of free-connection weighting matrix method. The desired controller, dependent on observed mode, is an asynchronous one which can minimize the upper bound of quadratic cost and satisfy restrictions on system states and control variables. Furthermore, clustering observation where observed modes recast into several clusters, is explored for simplifying the computational complexity. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity.

Zhu, Jin↗
DOE OSTI2026

Linear complexity

We present factorization and solution phases for a new linear complexity direct solver designed for concurrent batch operations on fine-grained parallel architectures, for matrices amenable to hierarchical representation. We focus on the strong-admissibility-based $\mathscr{H}^{2}$ format, where strong recursive skeletonization factorization compresses remote interactions. We build upon previous implementations of $\mathscr{H}^{2}$ matrix construction for efficient factorization and solution algorithm design, which are illustrated graphically in stepwise detail. The algorithms are ‘blackbox’ in the sense that the only inputs are the matrix and right-hand side, without analytical or geometrical information about the origin of the system. We demonstrate linear complexity scaling in both time and memory on four representative families of dense matrices up to one million in size. Parallel scaling up to 16 threads is enabled by a multi-level matrix graph coloring and avoidance of dynamic memory allocations thanks to prefix-sum memory management. An experimental backward error analysis is included. We break down the timings of different phases, identify phases that are memory-bandwidth limited, and discuss alternatives for phases that may be sensitive to the trend to employ lower precisions for performance.

Boukaram, Wajih↗
DOE OSTI2025

It is not σ 8 : constraining the non-linear matter power spectrum with the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 supernova sample

The weak gravitational lensing magnification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is sensitive to the matter power spectrum on scales $k\gt 1 h$ Mpc$^{-1}$, making it unwise to interpret SNe Ia lensing in terms of power on linear scales. We compute the probability density function of SNe Ia magnification as a function of standard cosmological parameters, plus an empirical parameter $A_{\rm mod}$ which describes the suppression or enhancement of matter power on non-linear scales compared to a cold dark matter only model. While baryons are expected to enhance power on the scales relevant to SN Ia lensing, other physics such as neutrino masses or non-standard dark matter may suppress power. Using the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 sample, we find $A_{\rm mod} = 0.77^{+0.69}_{-0.40}$ (68 per cent credible interval around the median). Although the median is consistent with unity there are hints of power suppression, with $A_{\rm mod} \lt 1.09$ at 68 per cent credibility.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

The non-linear onset of neutrino-driven convection in two- and three-dimensional core-collapse supernovae

Here, a toy model of the post-shock region of core-collapse supernovae is used to study the non-linear development of turbulent motions driven by convection in the presence of advection. Our numerical simulations indicate that buoyant perturbations of density are able to trigger self-sustained convection only when the instability is not linearly stabilized by advection. Large amplitude perturbations produced by strong shock oscillations or combustion inhomogeneities before the collapse of the progenitor are efficiently shredded through phase mixing and generate a turbulent cascade. Our model enables us to investigate several physical arguments that had been proposed to explain the impact of the dimensionality on the onset of explosions in global simulations of core-collapse supernovae. Three-dimensional (3D) simulations are found to lead to higher entropy values than two-dimensional (2D) ones. We attribute this to greater turbulent mixing and dissipation of the kinetic energy into heat in 3D. Finally, our results show that the increase of entropy is enhanced with finer numerical resolution and larger perturbation amplitude.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

On the road to per cent accuracy – III. Non-linear reaction of the matter power spectrum to massive neutrinos

ABSTRACT We analytically model the non-linear effects induced by massive neutrinos on the total matter power spectrum using the halo model reaction framework of Cataneo et al. In this approach, the halo model is used to determine the relative change to the matter power spectrum caused by new physics beyond the concordance cosmology. Using standard fitting functions for the halo abundance and the halo mass–concentration relation, the total matter power spectrum in the presence of massive neutrinos is predicted to per cent-level accuracy, out to $k=10 \,{ h}\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. We find that refining the prescriptions for the halo properties using N-body simulations improves the recovered accuracy to better than 1 per cent. This paper serves as another demonstration for how the halo model reaction framework, in combination with a single suite of standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulations, can recover per cent-level accurate predictions for beyond ΛCDM matter power spectra, well into the non-linear regime.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Linear magnetoconductivity as a probe of time-reversal symmetry breaking

Several optical experiments have shown that in magnetic materials, the principal axes of response tensors can rotate as an odd function of an applied magnetic field. Here we offer a microscopic explanation of this effect, and we propose a closely related dc transport phenomenon—an off-diagonal symmetric conductivity, linear and odd in a magnetic field, which we refer to as linear magnetoconductivity (LMC). Although LMC has the same functional dependence on a magnetic field as the Hall effect, its origin is fundamentally different: LMC requires time-reversal symmetry to be broken even before a magnetic field is applied, and is therefore a sensitive probe of magnetism. We demonstrate LMC in three different ways: via a tight-binding toy model, a density functional theory calculation on MnPSe3, and a semiclassical treatment. The third approach identifies two distinct mechanisms yielding LMC: momentum-dependent band magnetization and Berry curvature. Finally, we propose an experimental geometry suitable for detecting LMC, and we demonstrate its applicability using Landauer-Büttiker simulations. Our results emphasize the importance of measuring the full conductivity tensor in magnetic materials, and they introduce LMC as a new transport probe of symmetry.

Sunko, V↗
DOE OSTI2015

Optimal mode transformations for linear-optical cluster-state generation

In this paper, we analyze the generation of linear-optical cluster states (LOCSs) via sequential addition of one and two qubits. Existing approaches employ the stochastic linear-optical two-qubit controlled-Z (CZ) gate with success rate of 1/9 per operation. The question of optimality of the CZ gate with respect to LOCS generation has remained open. We report that there are alternative schemes to the CZ gate that are exponentially more efficient and show that sequential LOCS growth is indeed globally optimal. We find that the optimal cluster growth operation is a state transformation on a subspace of the full Hilbert space. Finally, we show that the maximal success rate of postselected entangling n photonic qubits or m Bell pairs into a cluster is (1/2) n-1 and (1/4) m-1 , respectively, with no ancilla photons, and we give an explicit optical description of the optimal mode transformations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tomography of longitudinal phase space linearization for the generation of attosecond electron bunches

The generation of electron bunches on the attosecond timescale is important for a multitude of accelerator-based applications. Here, we report on a tomographic measurement of the (pre)linearized longitudinal phase space of a low charge 3 MeV electron bunch generated with the 1.6 cell Pegasus photoinjector for the generation of attosecond bunches. The nonlinear correlations in the longitudinal phase space induced by space charge at the photocathode, radiofrequency field curvature of the gun, and vacuum dispersion are compensated using a compact X-band linearizer. Then, the initial and compensated phase of the picosecond electron bunch is precisely reconstructed by neural network assisted tomographic reconstruction from momentum spectra at varying buncher linac phase. Finally, we combine the measured phase space shape with particle tracking simulations to show that electron bunches as short as 941 as develop downstream the beamline.

Beam control↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tunable Plasma Linearizer for Compensation of Nonlinear Energy Chirp

The removal of undesired nonlinear time-energy correlation (energy chirp) present in relativistic electron beams is crucial for many accelerator-based scientific applications, such as free-electron lasers, high-energy electron radiography, and MeV ultrafast electron microscopy. Here, we propose and demonstrate that a low-density plasma section can be used as a passive “linearizer” to significantly compensate for the nonlinear energy chirp imprinted on a beam by the curvature of the radio-frequency field in a conventional accelerator. Physically, the passage of the beam through the plasma excites a strong quasi-cosinoidal longitudinal decelerating wakefield that acts to mitigate the beam’s nonlinear energy chirp by superimposing a reverse chirp on the beam. Time-resolved phase-space measurements, combined with high-fidelity three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the longitudinal phase space of the beam core is almost completely linearized, leading to a fourfold reduction of the beam overall energy spread from 0.148% to 0.036% (FWHM).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Giant linear magnetoelectric effect at the morphotropic phase boundary of epitaxial Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5 MnO 3 films

First-principles calculations are conducted to compute linear magnetoelectric coupling coefficients in epitaxial (001) Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5 MnO 3 films. A large enhancement of different linear magnetoelectric elements is found in a strained-induced morphotropic phase boundary region. Such enhancement is demonstrated to originate from the behavior of the dielectric susceptibility, thanks to a simple phenomenological model that is presently shown to be relevant and accurate. Finally, this work can thus provide a promising approach towards designing highly desired single-phase multiferroic with a colossal magnetoelectric conversion.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Anisotropic magnetotransport and exotic longitudinal linear magnetoresistance in WTe 2 crystals

Recently, the WTe 2 semimetal, as a typical layered transition-metal dichalcogenide, attracted much attention due to an extremely large, non-saturating parabolic magnetoresistance in the perpendicular field. Here, we report a systematic study of the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance in a WTe 2 single crystal. The significant anisotropic magnetotransport behavior in different magnetic field directions and violation of the Kohler's rule are observed. Unexpectedly, when the applied field and excitation current are both parallel to the tungsten chains of WTe 2 , an exotic large longitudinal linear magnetoresistance as high as 1200% at 15T and 2K is identified. These results imply that the WTe 2 semimetal, due to its balanced hole and electron populations, seems to be the first material for which a large longitudinal linear magnetoresistance appears when the external magnetic field is parallel to the applied current. Finally, our work may stimulate studies of double-carrier correlated materials and the corresponding quantum physics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Energy level alignment of self-assembled linear chains of benzenediamine on Au(111) from first principles

Using density functional theory (DFT) with van der Waals functionals, we calculate the adsorption energetics and geometry of benzenediamine (BDA) molecules on Au(111) surfaces. Our results demonstrate that the reported self-assembled linear chain structure of BDA, stabilized via hydrogen bonds between amine groups, is energetically favored over previously-studied monomeric phases. Moreover, using a model based on many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation, we obtain approximate self-energy corrections to the DFT highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy associated with BDA adsorbate phases. As a result, we find that, independent of coverage, the HOMO energy of the linear chain phase is lower relative to the Fermi energy than that of the monomer phase, and in good agreement with values measured with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Dynamic linear response quantum algorithm

The dynamic linear response of a quantum system is critical for understanding both the structure and dynamics of strongly interacting quantum systems, including neutron scattering from materials, photon and electron scattering from atomic systems, and electron and neutrino scattering by nuclei. Here, we present a general algorithm for universal quantum computers to calculate the dynamic linear response function with controlled errors and to obtain information about specific final states that can be directly compared to experimental observations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantum computation of nuclear observables involving linear combinations of unitary operators

Here we present the quantum computation of nuclear observables where the operators of interest are first decomposed in terms of the linear combination of unitaries. Then we utilize the Hadamard test and the linear combination of unitaries based methods to compute the expectation values. We apply these methods to calculate the electric quadrupole moment of the deuteron. The results are compared for the Jordan-Wigner transformation and Gray code encoding. We discuss the versatility of our approach that can be utilized in general to calculate several observables on a quantum computer.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

One-dimensionality in atomic nuclei: A candidate for linear-chain α clustering in C 14

During the clustering of particles in atomic nuclei, the self-organization of various geometrical arrangements at the femtometer scale are produced as a result. Furthermore, the one-dimensional alignment of multiple a particles is known as linear-chain structure, evidence of which has been highly elusive. Here, we show via resonant elastic and inelastic a scattering of a radioactive Be-10 beam that excited states in the neutron-rich nucleus C-14 agree with recent predictions of linear-chain structure based on an antisymmetrized molecular dynamics model.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗