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DOE OSTI2022

Testing the role of AGN on the star formation and metal enrichment of ‘twin galaxies’

Here, we explore the effect of AGN activity on the star formation history of galaxies by analysing the stellar population properties of 10 pairs of nearby twin galaxies – selected as being visually similar except for the presence of an AGN. The selection of such twin samples represents a method to study AGN feedback, as recently proposed by del Moral Castro et al. We use integral field unit (IFU) data from CALIFA, stacked within three fixed apertures. AGN galaxies in a twin pair suggest more evolved stellar populations than their non-AGN counterpart 90 per cent of the time, regardless of aperture size. A comparison with a large sample from SDSS confirms that most twins are representative of the general population, but in each twin the differences between twin members is significant. A set of targeted line strengths reveal the AGN member of a twin pair is older and more metal-rich than the non-AGN galaxy, suggesting AGN galaxies in our sample may either have an earlier formation time or follow a different star formation and chemical enrichment history. These results are discussed within two simple, contrasting hypotheses for the role played by AGN in galaxy evolution, which can be tested in the future at a greater detail with the use of larger data sets.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Galaxies with biconical ionized structure in MaNGA – I. Sample selection and driven mechanisms

ABSTRACT Based on the integral field unit (IFU) data from Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, we develop a new method to select galaxies with biconical ionized structures, building a sample of 142 edge-on biconical ionized galaxies. We classify these 142 galaxies into 81 star-forming galaxies, 31 composite galaxies, and 30 AGNs (consisting of 23 Seyferts and 7 LI(N)ERs) according to the [N ii]-BPT diagram. The star-forming bicones have bar-like structures while AGN bicones display hourglass structures, and composite bicones exhibit transitional morphologies between them due to both black hole and star formation activities. Star-forming bicones have intense star formation activities in their central regions, and the primary driver of biconical structures is the central star formation rate surface density. The lack of difference in the strength of central black hole activities (traced by dust attenuation corrected [O iii]λ5007 luminosity and Eddington ratio) between Seyfert bicones and their control samples can be naturally explained as that the accretion disc and the galactic disc are not necessarily coplanar. Additionally, the biconical galaxies with central LI(N)ER-like line ratios are edge-on disc galaxies that show strong central dust attenuation. The radial gradients of H α surface brightness follow the r−2.35 relation, roughly consistent with r−2 profile, which is expected in the case of photoionization by a central point-like source. These observations indicate obscured AGNs or AGN echoes as the primary drivers of biconical structures in LI(N)ERs.

Zhou, Zhi-Jie (ORCID:0000000317096005)↗

DOE OSTI2024

An iterative method to deblend AGN-Host contributions for Integral Field spectroscopic observations

ABSTRACT We present a new iterative deblending method to separate the host galaxy (HG) and their Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) emission with the use of Integral Field spectroscopic (IFS) data. The method decomposes the resolved HG emission from the unresolved AGN emission by modelling the two-dimensional surface brightness (SB) profile of the point-spread function (PSF) and the two-dimensional SB HG continuum simultaneously per each monochromatic slide. Our method does not require any prior information about the observed SB profile or a detailed fitting of the PSF, making it ideal for the automatic analysis of large galaxy samples. In this work, we test the quality of our method, its advantages, and its disadvantages. We test our method by using a set of IFS mock data cubes to quantify the reliability of our deblending process and further compare our method with the qdblend3d analysis tool. Furthermore, we applied our method to three data cubes selected from the MaNGA survey according to the dominance of either its HG or its AGN. We show that our deblending method is capable of disengaging the bright, non-resolved AGN emission from the HG continuum and its narrow emission lines. However, the decoupling depends on how well the IFS spatially resolves the PSF, and on the relative flux intensity of the HG-AGN. Therefore, the method is ideal for disentangling the bright-flux contribution from AGN-dominated spectra.

Ibarra-Medel, H. (ORCID:0000000297906313)↗

DOE OSTI2023

The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2024: phenotypes around the world

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a widely used resource that comprehensively organizes and defines the phenotypic features of human disease, enabling computational inference and supporting genomic and phenotypic analyses through semantic similarity and machine learning algorithms. The HPO has widespread applications in clinical diagnostics and translational research, including genomic diagnostics, gene-disease discovery, and cohort analytics. In recent years, groups around the world have developed translations of the HPO from English to other languages, and the HPO browser has been internationalized, allowing users to view HPO term labels and in many cases synonyms and definitions in ten languages in addition to English. Since our last report, a total of 2239 new HPO terms and 49235 new HPO annotations were developed, many in collaboration with external groups in the fields of psychiatry, arthrogryposis, immunology and cardiology. The Medical Action Ontology (MAxO) is a new effort to model treatments and other measures taken for clinical management. Finally, the HPO consortium is contributing to efforts to integrate the HPO and the GA4GH Phenopacket Schema into electronic health records (EHRs) with the goal of more standardized and computable integration of rare disease data in EHRs.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Observation of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Dependence of 𝜎 𝜓⁡(2⁢𝑆 )/𝜎 𝐽/𝜓 in 𝑝-Pb Collisions at 8.16 TeV

Bound states of charm and anticharm quarks, known as charmonia, have a rich spectroscopic structure that can be used to probe the dynamics of hadron production in high-energy hadron collisions. Here, the cross section ratio of excited (𝜓⁡(2⁢𝑆)) and ground state (𝐽/𝜓) vector mesons is measured as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in proton-lead (𝑝⁢Pb) collisions at a center-of-mass (CM) energy per nucleon pair of 8.16 TeV. The data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 175 nb −1 were collected using the CMS detector. The ratio is measured separately for prompt and nonprompt charmonia in the transverse momentum range 6.5 < 𝑝 T < 30 GeV and in four rapidity ranges spanning −2.865 < 𝑦 CM < 1.935. For the first time, a statistically significant multiplicity dependence of the prompt cross section ratio is observed in proton-nucleus collisions. There is no clear rapidity dependence in the ratio. The prompt measurements are compared with a theoretical model which includes interactions with nearby particles during the evolution of the system. These results provide additional constraints on hadronization models of heavy quarks in nuclear collisions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Weak-charge form-factor determination at the electron-ion collider

Determining the weak charge form factor, 𝐹 𝑊 ⁡(𝑄 2 ), of nuclei over a continuous range of momentum transfers, 0 ≲ 𝑄 2 ≲ 0.1 GeV 2 , is essential for mapping out the distribution of neutrons in nuclei. The neutron density distribution has significant implications for a broad range of areas, including studies of nuclear structure, neutron stars, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Currently, our knowledge of 𝐹 𝑊 ⁡(𝑄 2 ) comes primarily from fixed target experiments that measure the parity-violating asymmetry in coherent elastic electron-ion scattering. Fixed target experiments, such as CREX and PREX-1,2, have provided high-precision weak charge form factor extractions for the 48 Ca and 208 Pb nuclei, respectively. However, a major limitation of fixed target experiments is that they each provide data only at a single value of 𝑄 2 . With the proposed electron-ion collider (EIC) on the horizon, we explore its potential to impact the determination of the weak charge form factor. While it cannot compete with the precision of fixed target experiments, it can provide data over a wide and continuous range of 𝑄 2 values, and for a wide variety of nuclei. We show that with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of ℒ ∼ 500/𝐴 fb −1 , where 𝐴 is the nucleus atomic weight, the EIC can significantly impact constraints by lifting degeneracies in theoretical models of the neutron density distribution. Ensuring EIC detector coverage at low 𝑄 2 and large negative pseudorapidities will be essential for such 𝐹 𝑊 ⁡(𝑄 2 ) measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Measurements of the branching fractions of the inclusive decays D 0 ( D + ) → π + π + π - X

Using e + ⁢e - annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb -1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the first measurements of the branching fractions of the inclusive decays D 0 → π + π + π - X and D + → π + π + π - X, where pions from $K^0_S$ decays have been excluded from the → π + π + π - system and X denotes any possible particle combination. The branching fractions of D 0 ⁡(D + ) → π + π + π - X are determined to be B⁡(D 0 → π + π + π - X) = (17.60 ± 0.11 ± 0.22)% and B(D + → π + π + π - X) = (15.25 ± 0.09 ± 0.18)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Study of the B - → Λ c + Λ ¯ c - K - decay

The decay B - → $Λ^+_c \overline{Λ}^-_c K^-$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $Λ^+_c K^-$ system, the Ξ c (2930) 0 state observed at the BABAR and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, Ξ c (2923) 0 and Ξ c (2939) 0 , whose masses and widths are measured to be m(Ξ c (2923) 0 ) = 2924.5 ± 0.4 ± 1.1 MeV, m(Ξ c (2939) 0 ) = 2938.5 ± 0.9 ± 2.3 MeV, Γ(Ξ c (2923) 0 ) = 4.8 ± 0.9 ± 1.5 MeV, Γ(Ξ c (2939) 0 ) = 11.0 ± 1.9 ± 7.5 MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $Λ^+_c K^-$ sample. Evidence of a new Ξ c (2880) 0 state is found with a local significance of 3.8σ, whose mass and width are measured to be 2881.8 ± 3.1 ± 8.5 MeV and 12.4 ± 5.3 ± 5.8 MeV, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode Ξ c (2790) 0 → $Λ^+_c K^-$ is found with a significance of 3.7σ. The relative branching fraction of B - → $Λ^+_c \overline{Λ}^-_c K^-$ with respect to the B - → D + D - K - decay is measured to be 2.36 ± 0.11 0.22 ± 0.25, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of the e + e − → Λ Σ ¯ 0 + c . c . cross sections at s from 2.3094 to 3.0800 GeV

The Born cross sections and effective form factors of the process e + e − → Λ Σ ¯ 0 + c . c . are measured at 14 center-of-mass energy points from 2.3094 to 3.0800 GeV, based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of ( 478.5 ± 4.8 ) pb − 1 collected with the BESIII detector. A nonzero Born cross section is observed at the center-of-mass energy of 2.3094 GeV with a statistical significance of more than five standard deviations, and the cross sections at other energies are obtained with improved precision compared to earlier measurements from the Collaboration. The Born cross-section line shape is described better by a shape considering the strong-interaction effects than by a pQCD motivated functional form. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

DOE OSTI2024

First observation of Λ c + → Λ K + π 0 and evidence of Λ c + → Λ K + π + π −

We present the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ c + → Λ K + π 0 with a significance of 5.7 σ and the first evidence of Λ c + → Λ K + π + π − decay with a significance of 3.1 σ , based on e + e − annihilation data recorded by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6.4 fb − 1 , in the center-of-mass energy range from 4.600 to 4.950 GeV. We determine the branching fractions of Λ c + → Λ K + π 0 and Λ c + → Λ K + π + π − relative to their Cabibbo-favored counterparts to be B ( Λ c + → Λ K + π 0 ) B ( Λ c + → Λ π + π 0 ) = ( 2.09 ± 0.3 9 stat ± 0.0 7 syst ) × 10 − 2 and B ( Λ c + → Λ K + π + π − ) B ( Λ c + → Λ π + π + π − ) = ( 1.13 ± 0.4 1 stat ± 0.0 6 syst ) × 10 − 2 , respectively. Moreover, by combining our measured result with the world average of B ( Λ c + → Λ π + π 0 ) , we obtain the branching fraction B ( Λ c + → Λ K + π 0 ) = ( 1.49 ± 0.2 7 stat ± 0.0 5 syst ± 0.0 8 ref ) × 10 − 3 . This result significantly departs from theoretical predictions based on quark S U ( 3 ) flavor symmetry, which is underpinned by the presumption of meson pair S -wave amplitude dominance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of e + e − → η J / ψ cross section from s = 3.808 GeV to 4.951 GeV

Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 22.42 fb − 1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, we measure the cross sections of the e + e − → η J / ψ process at center-of-mass energies from 3.808 to 4.951 GeV. Three structures are observed in the line shape of the measured cross sections. A maximum-likelihood fit with ψ ( 4040 ) , two additional resonances, and a nonresonant component are performed. The mass and width of the first additional state are ( 4219.7 ± 2.5 ± 4.5 ) MeV / c 2 and ( 80.7 ± 4.4 ± 1.4 ) MeV , respectively, consistent with the ψ ( 4230 ) . For the second state, the mass and width are ( 4386 ± 13 ± 17 ) MeV / c 2 and ( 177 ± 32 ± 13 ) MeV , respectively, consistent with the ψ ( 4360 ) . The first uncertainties are statistical, and the second ones are systematic. The statistical significance of ψ ( 4040 ) is 8.0 σ and those for ψ ( 4230 ) and ψ ( 4360 ) are more than 10.0 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search for the production of deuterons and antideuterons in e + e − annihilation at center-of-mass energies between 4.13 and 4.70 GeV

Using a data sample of e + e − collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19 fb − 1 collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the production of deuterons and antideuterons via e + e − → p p π − d ¯ + c . c . for the first time at center-of-mass energies between 4.13 and 4.70 GeV. No significant signal is observed and the upper limit of the e + e − → p p π − d ¯ + c . c . cross section is determined to be from 9.0 to 145 fb depending on the center-of-mass energy at the 90% confidence level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Combined search for electroweak production of winos, binos, higgsinos, and sleptons in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

A combination of the results of several searches for the electroweak production of the supersymmetric partners of standard model bosons, and of charged leptons, is presented. All searches use proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016–2018. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of up to 137 fb − 1 . The results are interpreted in terms of simplified models of supersymmetry. Two new interpretations are added with this combination: a model spectrum with the bino as the lightest supersymmetric particle together with mass-degenerate Higgsinos decaying to the bino and a standard model boson, and the compressed-spectrum region of a previously studied model of slepton pair production. Improved analysis techniques are employed to optimize sensitivity for the compressed spectra in the wino and slepton pair production models. The results are consistent with expectations from the standard model. The combination provides a more comprehensive coverage of the model parameter space than the individual searches, extending the exclusion by up to 125 GeV, and also targets some of the intermediate gaps in the mass coverage. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search for e + e − → K + K − ψ ( 3770 ) at center-of-mass energies from 4.84 to 4.95 GeV

Using e + e − collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 892 pb − 1 collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.84 to 4.95 GeV with the BESIII detector, we search for the process e + e − → K + K − ψ ( 3770 ) by reconstructing two charged kaons and one D meson from ψ ( 3770 ) . No significant signal of e + e − → K + K − ψ ( 3770 ) is found and the upper limits of the Born cross sections are reported at 90% confidence level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

DOE OSTI2024

Study of e + e − → ω X ( 3872 ) and γ X ( 3872 ) from 4.66 to 4.95 GeV

Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb − 1 collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.66 GeV to 4.95 GeV, we study the processes of e + e − → ω X ( 3872 ) and e + e − → γ X ( 3872 ) . With the e + e − → ω X ( 3872 ) process, the branching fraction ratio R ≡ B ( X ( 3872 ) → γ J / ψ ) B ( X ( 3872 ) → π + π − J / ψ ) is measured to be 0.38 ± 0.2 0 stat ± 0.0 1 syst ( R < 0.83 at 90% confidence level). In addition, we measure the ratio of the average cross section of e + e − → ω X ( 3872 ) to e + e − → ω χ c 1 ( ω χ c 2 ) to be σ ω X ( 3872 ) / σ ω χ c 1 ( σ ω X ( 3872 ) / σ ω χ c 2 ) = 5.2 ± 1.0 stat ± 1.9 syst ( 5.5 ± 1.1 stat ± 2.4 syst ) . Finally, we search for the process of e + e − → γ X ( 3872 ) , and no obvious signal is observed. The upper limit on the ratio of the average cross section of e + e − → γ X ( 3872 ) to e + e − → ω X ( 3872 ) is set as σ γ X ( 3872 ) / σ ω X ( 3872 ) < 0.23 at 90% confidence level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search for high-mass exclusive diphoton production with tagged protons in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

A search is presented for high-mass exclusive diphoton production via photon-photon fusion in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV in events where both protons survive the interaction. The analysis utilizes data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 103 fb − 1 collected in 2016–2018 with the central CMS detector and the CMS and TOTEM precision proton spectrometer (PPS). Events that have two photons with high transverse momenta ( p T γ > 100 GeV ), back-to-back in azimuth, and with a large diphoton invariant mass ( m γ γ > 350 GeV ) are selected. To remove the dominant inclusive diphoton backgrounds, the kinematic properties of the protons detected in PPS are required to match those of the central diphoton system. Only events having opposite-side forward protons detected with a fractional momentum loss between 0.035 and 0.15 (0.18) for the detectors on the negative (positive) side of CMS are considered. One exclusive diphoton candidate is observed for an expected background of 1.1 events. Limits at 95% confidence level are derived for the four-photon anomalous coupling parameters | ζ 1 | < 0.073 TeV − 4 and | ζ 2 | < 0.15 TeV − 4 , using an effective field theory. Additionally, upper limits are placed on the production of axionlike particles with coupling strength to photons f − 1 that varies from 0.03 TeV − 1 to 1 TeV − 1 over the mass range from 500 to 2000 GeV. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS and TOTEMs Collaboration 2024 CERN

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search for prompt production of pentaquarks in charm hadron final states

A search for hidden-charm pentaquark states decaying to a range of Σ c D ¯ and Λ c + D ¯ final states, as well as doubly charmed pentaquark states to Σ c D and Λ c + D , is made using samples of proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7 fb − 1 recorded by the LHCb detector at s = 13 TeV . Since no significant signals are found, upper limits are set on the pentaquark yields relative to that of the Λ c + baryon in the Λ c + → p K − π + decay mode. The known pentaquark states are also investigated, and their signal yields are found to be consistent with zero in all cases. © 2024 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration 2024 CERN

Aaij, R. (ORCID:0000000305331952)↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search for bottom-type vectorlike quark pair production in dileptonic and fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

A search is described for the production of a pair of bottom-type vectorlike quarks ( B VLQs) with mass greater than 1000 GeV. Each B VLQ decays into a b quark and a Higgs boson, a b quark and a Z boson, or a t quark and a W boson. This analysis considers both fully hadronic final states and those containing a charged lepton pair from a Z boson decay. The products of the H → b b boson decay and of the hadronic Z or W boson decays can be resolved as two distinct jets or merged into a single jet, so the final states are classified by the number of reconstructed jets. The analysis uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb - 1 collected in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018. No excess over the expected background is observed. Lower limits are set on the B VLQ mass at the 95% confidence level. These depend on the B VLQ branching fractions and are 1570 and 1540 GeV for 100% B → b H and 100% B → b Z , respectively. In most cases, the mass limits obtained exceed previous limits by at least 100 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗