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At least 1,423 records · Page 79

On the reliable and flexible solution of practical subset regression problems

A new algorithm for solving subset regression problems is described. The algorithm performs a QR decomposition with a new column-pivoting strategy, which permits subset selection directly from the originally defined regression parameters. This, in combination with a number of extensions of the new technique, makes the method a very flexible tool for analyzing subset regression problems in which the parameters have a physical meaning.

Verhaegen, M. H.↗

Flight duration, airspeed practices and altitude management of airplanes involved in the NASA VGH General Aviation Program

Flight duration, airspeed, and altitude information obtained from NASA velocity gravity height (VGH) recorders is presented for each of 95 general aviation airplanes flown in twin- and single-engine executive, personal, instructional, commercial survey, aerial application, aerobatic, commuter, and float operations. These data complement normal acceleration data obtained from the same airplanes and reported in NASA-TM-84660, and together they provide a data base for the design and analysis of general aviation airplane operations.

Jewel, Joseph W., Jr.↗

A practical experience with independent verification and validation

One approach to reducing software cost and increasing reliability is the use of an independent verification and validation (IV & V) methodology. The Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) applied the IV & V methodology to two medium-size flight dynamics software development projects. Then, to measure the effectiveness of the IV & V approach, the SEL compared these two projects with two similar past projects, using measures like productivity, reliability, and maintain ablilty. Results indicated that the use of the IV & V methodology did not help the overall process nor improve the product in these cases.

Page, Gerald↗

Practical significance and calculation of surface tension of glass, enamels and glazes

Surface tension is important in the formation of streaks in the whole procedure of enameling and glazing., in the action of TiO2 as opacifier, in the addition of borax to enamels, or metals to glasses, and in the corrosion of refractories by molten charges. By the use of known methods for measuring surface tension additive constants are found which give correct results within 1% with no discrepancy due to B2O3.

Dietzel, A.↗

Formulation and implementation of a practical algorithm for non-stationary adaptive state estimation

Background information on the Kalman filter is given first. A discussion of the filter parameters and their a priori determination follows. The discussion points out the need for adaptive determination of the process noise statistics. The filter innovations are presented as a means for developing the adaptive criteria. The criteria center around the estimation of the true mean and covariance of the filter innovations. A method for the numerical approximation of the mean and covariance of a locally stationary random process is presented. The definition of a local stationarity is presented. Local stationarity allows for the separation of the process statistics into a stationary component and a time-varying component. The separation method is discussed. A method for estimating the stationary and time-varying components is presented. As an example of its application to real problems, the algorithm is applied to the problem to the problem of reentry trajectory estimation for the Space Shuttle. Both the adaptive algorithm and the steady-state Kalman filter are applied to the problem. The results of the reconstructions are presented. The adaptive algorithm exhibits superior performance.

Whitemore, S. A.↗

Planetary volatile history - Principles and practice

The history and evolution of planetary volatile inventories are considered. Planetary bulk volatile inventories are greatly affected by the distance from the preplanetary nebula center at which material accreted, with volatile contents increasing with increasing distance from the nebula center. Other significant factors include: planetary energetics and internal thermal history, planetary volatile sinks (including space), and operation of external variables such as solar energy on the transient, steady-state array of surface volatiles. The net result of all these processes is a volatile history that is itself a controlling factor in overall planetary history.

Fanale, F. P.↗

Commercial space policy - Theory and practice

NASA policy toward commercial space ventures is summarized and illustrated with a proposed system for mobile communications through satellite links (MSAT). The government's, i.e., NASA's, role in commercial space ventures is to provide funding and expertise to high risk projects with prospective large returns, provided no vital public services are displaced. MSAT would be realized with a relay spacecraft in GEO, linking mobile radios costing in the range $500-2500. The experimental ATS-6 satellite would be the first generation relay. It is estimated that by the 1990s a spacecraft with a 20-55 m antenna could provide transmission relays for between 640,000 to about 2.5 million nonurban communications units.

Freibaum, Jerry↗

Vacuum pumps and systems: A review of current practice

A review of the fundamental characteristics of the many types of vacuum pumps and vacuum pumping systems is given. The optimum pumping range, relative cost, performance limitations, maintenance problems, system operating costs and similar subjects are discussed. Experiences from the thin film deposition, chemical processing, material handling, food processing and other industries, as well as space simulation are used to support conclusions and recommendations.

Giles, Stuart↗

On the reliable and flexible solution of practical subset regression problems

A new algorithm for solving subset regression problems is described. The algorithm performs a QR decomposition with a new column-pivoting strategy, which permits subset selection directly from the originally defined regression parameters. This, in combination with a number of extensions of the new technique, makes the method a very flexible tool for analyzing subset regression problems in which the parameters have a physical meaning.

Verhaegen, M.↗

A practical assessment of spectral accuracy for hyperbolic problems with discontinuities

Physical and transform space filtering has been applied to the Fourier spectral collocation solution of the constant coefficient scalar wave equation with a discontinuous initial condition. High order accuracy can be extracted from the unfiltered solution. Smooth, high order Fourier space filtering gives expected polynomial order solutions away from the discontinuity. Spectral accuracy is observed with the physical space filter of Gottlieb and Tadmor.

Kopriva, David A.↗

On the design of man-machine systems - Principles, practices and prospects

A large proportion of the problems associated with complex systems have been attributed, at least in part, to the human operators, maintenance personnel, or managers who work within these systems. It appears, therefore, that improving man-machine system design may contribute to decreasing substantially the frequency of problems in complex systems. In this paper, alternative views of how the design of man-machine systems might be improved are described and contrasted. A two-part approach for achieving the desired improvements is proposed.

Rouse, William B.↗

Interesting viewpoints to those who will put Ada into practice

Ada will most probably be used as the programming language for computers in the NASA Space Station. It is reasonable to suppose that Ada will be used for at least embedded computers, because the high software costs for these embedded computers were the reason why Ada activities were initiated about ten years ago. The on-board computers are designed for use in space applications, where maintenance by man is impossible. All manipulation of such computers has to be performed in an autonomous way or remote with commands from the ground. In a manned Space Station some maintenance work can be performed by service people on board, but there are still a lot of applications, which require autonomous computers, for example, vital Space Station functions and unmanned orbital transfer vehicles. Those aspect which have come out of the analysis of Ada characteristics together with the experience of requirements for embedded on-board computers in space applications are examined.

Carlsson, Arne↗

Practices in Adequate Structural Design

Structural design and verification of space vehicles and space systems is a very tricky and awe inspiring business, particularly for manned missions. Failures in the missions with loss of life is devastating personally and nationally. The scope of the problem is driven by high performance requirements which push state-of-the-art technologies, creating high sensitivites to small variations and uncertainties. Insurance of safe, reliable flight dictates the use of sound principles, procedures, analysis, and testing. Many of those principles which were refocused by the Space Shuttle Challenger (51-L) accident on January 26, 1986, and the activities conducted to insure safe shuttle reflights are discussed. The emphasis will be focused on engineering, while recognizing that project and project management are also key to success.

Ryan, Robert S.↗

Investigation of practical applications of H infinity control theory to the design of control systems for large space structures

The applicability of H infinity control theory to the problems of large space structures (LSS) control was investigated. A complete evaluation to any technique as a candidate for large space structure control involves analytical evaluation, algorithmic evaluation, evaluation via simulation studies, and experimental evaluation. The results of analytical and algorithmic evaluations are documented. The analytical evaluation involves the determination of the appropriateness of the underlying assumptions inherent in the H infinity theory, the determination of the capability of the H infinity theory to achieve the design goals likely to be imposed on an LSS control design, and the identification of any LSS specific simplifications or complications of the theory. The resuls of the analytical evaluation are presented in the form of a tutorial on the subject of H infinity control theory with the LSS control designer in mind. The algorthmic evaluation of H infinity for LSS control pertains to the identification of general, high level algorithms for effecting the application of H infinity to LSS control problems, the identification of specific, numerically reliable algorithms necessary for a computer implementation of the general algorithms, the recommendation of a flexible software system for implementing the H infinity design steps, and ultimately the actual development of the necessary computer codes. Finally, the state of the art in H infinity applications is summarized with a brief outline of the most promising areas of current research.

Irwin, R. Dennis↗

Space vehicle thermal testing: Principles, practices and effectiveness

Component qualification and acceptance temperatures are derived from worst case thermal analyses and analytic uncertainty margin subject to certain specified temperature extremes. Temperature requirements are shown for equipment operation within specification and for survival and turn-on (need not operate within specification, but must not experience any degradation when returned to operational range). Temperature excursions for most equipment are seen to be 20 to 50 C above and below room temperature. Components without active electronics which are mounted outboard, such as solar arrays and antennas, are usually designed to withstand wider temperature excursions, particularly at the cold end. Batteries are tightly controlled at cold temperatures to increase life. Payload components such as extremely accurate clocks for precise navigation are controlled over a relatively narrow temperature range.

Gluck, Donald F.↗

Practical constraints on network architecture and signalling in the MSAT system

Telesat Mobile Inc. plans to provide mobile satellite communications services in Canada in 1993/4, in close cooperation with the American Mobile Satellite Consortium Inc., which will be providing services in the U.S.A. L-band frequencies will be used in multiple beams for communication with mobile terminals. Ku-band frequencies will be used for the feeder-links to fixed stations. The system will support voice and data communications. The baseline Canadian system will support approximately 450 assignable voice channels, some fraction of which will be the equivalent in data channels. The method of multiple access will be Frequency Division Multiple Access/Single Channel Per Carrier. The availability of frequencies, the availability of technology and the time scale for implementation all constrain the network architecture for the system. Further, it is important to have an open specification to encourage multiple equipment vendors. The interplay of these constraints is discussed.

Davies, N. George↗

Fault injection based automatic testing - Practice and examples

This report addresses the problem of ascertaining the quantitative properties of dependable distributed systems. The approach is based on fault injection experimentation with two distinct real-time workloads using a fault-injection-based automated testing environment. Experimental results are presented which indicate dependability properties (e.g., error detection coverage, error latency) based on a limited number of fault injections.

Segall, Z.↗

Dynamic inflow for practical applications

A derivation is presented which gives both the nonlinear dynamic inflow model and the perturbation dynamic inflow model in a general coordinate system. The perturbation model includes perturbations in hub motions, in skew angle, and in yaw angle. The governing equations may be switched to their dimensional forms prior to application.

Peters, David A.↗