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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Joint United States: European Union Theoretical and Practical Course on Molecular Approaches for in situ Biogradation

The Joint United States - European Union Theoretical and Practical Course on Molecular Approaches for in situ Biodegradation was held May 24 through June 7 at The University of Oklahoma. Twenty-four graduate and postgraduate students from both the United States and the European Union attended the course. Nine states and ten European countries were represented. Students were assigned living quarters and laboratory partners to maximize interactions between US and EU participants as well as to mix people with different technical backgrounds together. The students used the latest methods in molecular biology to characterize beneficial microorganisms and genes involved in the biodegradation of pollutants at a nearby landfill as well as an active hydrocarbon-producing site, part of which is undergoing bioremediation. Seminars by distinguished scientists were organized to expose the students to the breadth of the environmental field, including field assay and engineering applications, laboratory scale bioreactors, microbiology, genetics, regulation, pathway analysis, design of recombinant bacteria, and application of the associated techniques to the field. Lectures were given by various OU faculty on the principles behind the techniques to be used in the laboratory. These lectures included troubleshooting hints and encouraged questions and comments from the audience. The laboratory experiments covered chemical, microbiological, and molecular genetic analyses of soils; bioavailability of contaminants; enrichment cultures; gene probing; PCR amplification of known genes and gene families; identification of microbes based traditional and nontraditional approaches, nutritional capabilities, and 16S rRNA sequence; mRNA detection; and enzyme assays. Field trips were made to the USGS landfill field sampling site, and to the Tall Grass Prairie Preserve, a Nature Conservancy site which also featured long-term studies of bioremediation of crude oil and brine spills by one of the Principal Investigators in collaboration with University of Tulsa faculty. The students are expected to bring the methods that they learned back to their laboratories to enrich their own and their colleagues' ability to perform state of the art environmental biotechnology research.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Joint Distribution of the Neutron and Fission Numbers in a Fissile System

The equations for the PDF of the neutron number in a fissile system have been known for some time, but it is not clear what the relationship is between the number of neutrons in the system and the number of fissions that have occurred to make that neutron number come about. While the neutron number distribution can be written down independently of the fission number distribution, the converse is not true. The number of fissions that occur at a discrete point in time is a function of the number of neutrons in the system at that time, therefore if we want a probabilistic description of total fission number, we must extract it from the joint distribution of instantaneous neutron number, n, and total fission number, f. This memo describes our attempts to relate the probabilistic descriptions of these two quantities.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Seismic Modeling Workshop - Joint inversion [Slides]

Why joint inversion? It enables spanning spatial and data scales! Multiple benefits: Different data sets have different spatial coverage and resolution. “Standard” geophysical models are developed only to fit one type of data. Different data types have different strengths. Multiple challenges: Deal with different data bandwidths. Design responsive misfit norms; relative weighting of data sets. Make assumptions to model the different data; relationships between independent data sets.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Report on the Joint EU-US Workshop on Microbial Community Dynamics: Cooperation and Competition

The European Commission (EC)-United States (US) Task Force on Biotechnology Research has a longstanding joint Working Group on Biotechnology for the Environment whose mission is to foster collaborations between researchers in the European Union (EU) and US in the field of environmental biotechnology. A special focus of the Working Group is to increase scientific interchange between early career scientists in the US and EU. Such interactions initiate a foundation of respect and trust needed to develop long-term collaborations. In order to realize the full potential for the application of modern technologies to obtain a sustainable biosphere, it is vital to create conduits for knowledge exchange among scientists worldwide engaged in environmental microbial biotechnology research. Since its formation in 1994, the Working Group has organized many activities for early career scientists designed to promote this scientific exchange, including two week courses with hands-on research experience, intensive workshops of two or three days, and research scholar exchanges of one to six months. These interactions are focused on environmental problems that respect no international boundaries.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2015

A complexity science-based framework for global joint operations analysis to support force projection: LDRD Final Report

The military is undergoing a significant transformation as it modernizes for the information age and adapts to address an emerging asymmetric threat beyond traditional cold war era adversaries. Techniques such as traditional large-scale, joint services war gaming analysis are no longer adequate to support program evaluation activities and mission planning analysis at the enterprise level because the operating environment is evolving too quickly. New analytical capabilities are necessary to address modernization of the Department of Defense (DoD) enterprise. This presents significant opportunity to Sandia in supporting the nation at this transformational enterprise scale. Although Sandia has significant experience with engineering system of systems (SoS) and Complex Adaptive System of Systems (CASoS), significant fundamental research is required to develop modeling, simulation and analysis capabilities at the enterprise scale. This report documents an enterprise modeling framework which will enable senior level decision makers to better understand their enterprise and required future investments.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2012

Computing Toxic Load for Shelter-in-Place Analysis Using Joint Urban 2003

Toxic load is a metric used to quantify acute effects from inhalation exposures. The toxic load to individuals depends on the fluctuations of chemical concentrations because the exposureresponse relationship is often nonlinear. To study the effects of concentration fluctuations on toxic load, we analyzed concentration data from the Joint Urban 2003 series of city-scale tracer gas studies. We summarized the outdoor concentrations measured by fast-response gas analyzers and computed outdoor toxic load. We then analyzed the amount of tracer gas that entered a 16- story office building and compared indoor and outdoor toxic loads. We show that the time aggregation used to compute toxic load is a source of uncertainty in hazard assessments.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Implementation Approach for Plug-in Electric Vehicles at Joint Base Lewis McChord: Task 4

This study focused on Joint Base Lewis McChord (JBLM), which is located in Washington State. Task 1 consisted of a survey of the non-tactical fleet of vehicles at JBLM to begin the review of vehicle mission assignments and the types of vehicles in service. In Task 2, daily operational characteristics of select vehicles were identified and vehicle movements were recorded in data loggers in order to characterize the vehicles’ missions. In Task 3, the results of the data analysis and observations were provided. Individual observations of the selected vehicles provided the basis for recommendations related to PEV adoption (i.e., whether a battery electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle [collectively referred to as PEVs] can fulfill the mission requirements0, as well as the basis for recommendations related to placement of PEV charging infrastructure. This report focuses on an implementation plan for the near-term adoption of PEVs into the JBLM fleet.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Dispersion of Radionuclides and Exposure Assessment in Urban Environments: A Joint CEA and LLNL Report

In the interest of promoting the international exchange of technical expertise, the US Department of Energy’s Office of Emergency Operations (NA-40) and the French Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) requested that the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in Livermore, California host a joint table top exercise with experts in emergency management and atmospheric transport modeling. In this table top exercise, LLNL and CEA compared each other’s flow and dispersion models. The goal of the comparison is to facilitate the exchange of knowledge, capabilities, and practices, and to demonstrate the utility of modeling dispersal at different levels of computational fidelity. Two modeling approaches were examined, a regional scale modeling approach, appropriate for simple terrain and/or very large releases, and an urban scale modeling approach, appropriate for small releases in a city environment. This report is a summary of LLNL and CEA modeling efforts from this exercise. Two different types of LLNL and CEA models were employed in the analysis: urban-scale models (Aeolus CFD at LLNL/NARAC and Parallel- Micro-SWIFT-SPRAY, PMSS, at CEA) for analysis of a 5,000 Ci radiological release and Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models (LODI at LLNL/NARAC and PSPRAY at CEA) for analysis of a much larger (500,000 Ci) regional radiological release. Two densely-populated urban locations were chosen: Chicago with its high-rise skyline and gridded street network and Paris with its more consistent, lower building height and complex unaligned street network. Each location was considered under early summer daytime and nighttime conditions. Different levels of fidelity were chosen for each scale: (1) lower fidelity mass-consistent diagnostic, intermediate fidelity Navier-Stokes RANS models, and higher fidelity Navier-Stokes LES for urban-scale analysis, and (2) lower-fidelity single-profile meteorology versus higher-fidelity three-dimensional gridded weather forecast for regional-scale analysis. Tradeoffs between computation time and the fidelity of the results are discussed for both scales. LES, for example, requires nearly 100 times more processor time than the mass-consistent diagnostic model or the RANS model, and seems better able to capture flow entrainment behind tall buildings. As anticipated, results obtained by LLNL and CEA at regional scale around Chicago and Paris look very similar in terms of both atmospheric dispersion of the radiological release and total effective dose. Both LLNL and CEA used the same meteorological data, Lagrangian particle dispersion models, and the same dose coefficients. LLNL and CEA urban-scale modeling results show consistent phenomenological behavior and predict similar impacted areas even though the detailed 3D flow patterns differ, particularly for the Chicago cases where differences in vertical entrainment behind tall buildings are particularly notable. Although RANS and LES (LLNL) models incorporate more detailed physics than do mass-consistent diagnostic flow models (CEA), it is not possible to reach definite conclusions about the prediction fidelity of the various models as experimental measurements were not available for comparison. Stronger conclusions about the relative performances of the models involved and evaluation of the tradeoffs involved in model simplification could be made with a systematic benchmarking of urban-scale modeling. This could be the purpose of a future US / French collaborative exercise.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

Joint Analysis of Surface Deformation Data for Reservoir Management Final Report CRADA No. TC02107.0

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Chevron North America Exploration and Production Company, a division of Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (Chevron), to develop an operational tool to carry out joint inversion of global positioning system (GPS), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and tilt, temperature, and electrical resistivity data to monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of fluid volume and temperature in a thermal diatomite oilfield.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC)–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Program on Research and Development for Fossil Energy-Related Resources

The EERC teamed with the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory to conduct complementary research and development under the Joint Program on Research and Development for Fossil Energy-Related Resources (Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-08NT43291). This 10-year program merged two previous 10-year agreements—DE-FC26-98FT40320 and DE-FC26-98FT40321—into a single follow-on agreement. The Fossil Energy cooperative agreement between DOE and the EERC was initiated in 1983 when the EERC was defederalized. This dynamic 35-year partnership has evolved to further research in areas that address DOE Office of Fossil Energy program goals while serving the missions and exploiting the strengths of both organizations through this agreement and a new 5-year Fossil Energy-Related Resources cooperative agreement established in 2015. As the 10-year program has ended, the purpose of this report is to summarize the activity and significant outcomes that were accomplished by the EERC. This program is an excellent model for research, development, demonstration, and commercialization partnerships between government, industry, and the applied science and engineering communities to bring cutting-edge science closer to commercial application. The overarching goal was to support DOE Fossil Energy goals by advancing the scientific knowledge and technical development essential to ensuring future sustainable supplies of affordable energy and clean water, protecting and restoring the environment, and reducing dependence on foreign energy sources, thereby increasing U.S. energy security. The strategic objective was to advance continued use of domestic fossil fuels as a mainstay of U.S. energy production by making fossil energy systems nonpolluting and more efficient, capturing and sequestering greenhouse gases, and integrating the use of fossil and renewable energy sources into the energy mix. The research achievements from this partnership have exceeded the goals and objectives by contributing substantially to the development of science-based energy and environmental policy, educational foundations for science and technology, and commercialization and international marketing of energy technologies. The program comprised 75 individual projects, which included basic/applied fossil energy research projects involving no cost share and development, demonstration, and commercialization projects (many derived from applied research projects) that included nonfederal cost share of approximately 40% (the contractually required minimum level of cumulative nonfederal cost share was 29%). In all, 32,798,698 of federal funding was leveraged with industry cash and in-kind cost share of 21,697,129 from 80 nonfederal partners for a total of 54,495,827 of funded research that 1) advanced the development of unconventional tight oil resources in the Bakken Formation; 2) demonstrated the application of CO 2 Storage and EOR in tight oil formations; 3) developed advanced carbon capture technology; 4) addressed key application and infrastructure concerns for commercial deployment of CO 2 ; 5) demonstrated innovative, integrated water management strategies for energy development projects; 6) developed novel pollution control technologies for mercury and hazardous air pollutants; and 7) performed world-class outreach and dissemination of research results to industry partners and other stakeholders. These outcomes speak to the valuable return on the substantial investment in this program.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

Generic Disposal System Model for Granite: Potential Application to Joint Fuel Cycles Studies

The following is intended as a possible approach to support Phase 1 Task 1 of the Joint Fuel Cycles Studies collaboration between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the US DOE Nuclear Energy Used Fuel Disposition Campaign (UFDC). In this approach UFDC is providing ROK with a brief description of our simplified granite generic disposal system (GDS) model, as it has been implemented in our Generic Performance Assessment Model (GPAM). A more detailed description of the original, stand alone, granite GDS model and GPAM appears in the UFD FY 11 report (Clayton, et. al., 2011), which was provide as an attachment to an earlier email to Task 1 ROK counterparts. Additionally, UFDC is providing the input data sets (parameter, values, descriptions and uncertainty) used to implement the stand alone granite GDS model into GPAM, as a starting point.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2016

JRT (Joint Research Target) 2016 4th Quarter Report and Final Summary

This report summarizes the work completed during the final quarter of FY2016 on the three major US tokamak facilities as part of this past year’s joint research target. Following this summary section are detailed reports from the three facilities. We begin by requoting the overarching JRT goals, including the particulars for the 4 th quarter milestones.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

DOE Joint Genome Institute Strategic Planning for the Genomic Sciences. Report from the May 30–31, 2012, Workshop

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute ( JGI) Strategic Planning for the Genomic Sciences workshop was convened by the DOE Office of Science’s Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER) on May 30–31, 2012. The goal was to explore DOE JGI’s role in addressing DOE mission critical scientific questions and in contributing data and knowledge to enable a new generation of systems biology research. DOE JGI has played a leadership role in genome sequencing, providing a foundation for complex biological studies. As DOE JGI moves forward into the next decade(s), it will have a continued and expanded role in genome sequencing. A major opportunity lies before DOE JGI as it seeks to build on its sequencing strength by providing high-throughput, “value-added” science that can be integrated with massive sequence datasets to accelerate the science underpinning DOE missions in bioenergy and the environment.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

2017 Joint Experimental Diagnostics Initiative (JEDI) Annual Report - April 2018

The Joint Enhanced Diagnostics Initiative (JEDI) collaboration between the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) has the goal of enhancing the experimental capabilities of the NIF to enable collaborative experiments of interest to both the U.S. and U.K. stockpile stewardship activities.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Gulf Nuclear Energy Infrastructure Institute (GNEII): Origins, Objectives, and Operations—A Joint Report

The Gulf Nuclear Energy Infrastructure Institute (GNEII—pronounced "genie") seeks to develop expertise among future leaders of Gulf-region nuclear power programs in global standards, norms and best practices in nuclear energy programs. More specifically, the institute aims to contribute to the enhancement of nuclear security, safety, and safeguards (the so-called nuclear "3S") by providing an avenue for regional nuclear interaction, technical collaboration, lessons-learned discussions, and best-practices sharing. It is a multidisciplinary human capacity development institute offering education, research and technical services to support responsible nuclear energy programs in the Gulf and Middle East regions. In this Joint Report, Chapter 2 discusses GNEII's origins (including drivers, milestones, and design principles), Chapter 3 discusses GNEII's objectives (including goals, mission, and vision), Chapter 4 discusses GNEII's operations (including education, research, and technical service pillars), Chapter 5 discusses major insights and next steps, and Chapter 6 provides a list of publications offering additional depictions and details of GNEII's evolution. Though only one piece of a multi-faceted, multi-national effort to develop human infrastructure needs for nascent nuclear energy programs, GNEII offers a model that addresses the socio-technical attributes of nuclear 3S that can be replicated globally.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Joint Development of SAS4A Code in Application to Oxide-fueled LFR Severe Accident Analysis

The scope of this project was to pursue specific SAS4A liquid-metal cooled reactor (LMR) safety analysis software extensions to simulate postulated accidents with fuel failures for oxide-fueled Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs). Since most U.S. LMR experience is on sodium-cooled fast reactor options based on past testing and operation experience with EBR-II and FFTF, the DOE’s legacy fast reactor safety analysis capabilities were focused on metal-fueled pool-type concepts with sodium coolant. In recent years, Westinghouse Electric Company (WEC) has decided to pursue an LFR design as one of their next generation nuclear technology options because of its favorable safety and economics attributes. Oxide fuel is considered among other fuel options due to previous WEC experience with this fuel form. Development of this new technology requires the availability of adequately accurate computational tools, some of which can be adapted from versions of similar software used for analysis of other LMRs. Although Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL) SAS4A/SASSYS-1 safety analysis software suite (shortened as SAS4A code hereafter for brevity) has the basic capabilities to model LFR system designs, the SAS4A code modules used in the analysis of accidents with fuel/cladding failures lack appropriate models for the unique phenomena that govern as-irradiated oxide-fuel damage mechanisms in lead coolant. Therefore, the objective of this project was to extend the capabilities of SAS4A with mechanistic oxide-fuel failure models in lead coolant for margin to failure assessments, analysis of failure modes, location and timing of failures under different accident scenarios consistent with the whole-plant dynamic response including the reactivity feedback, and assessment of the potential for fuel damage propagation due to potential fission gas jet and fuel-fragment/molten fuel impingement to neighboring fuel pins in an assembly. This report provides mainly a summary of Argonne’s technical contributions in the joint project, but the reports and publications by the Participant team are included as references at the end of the report.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗