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At least 1,423 records · Page 79
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NASA NTRS1988

Systematic properties of CO emission from galaxies. II - Weighted correlations

The dependence of molecular gas emission on various global galaxy properties is tested by examining a series of correlations. CO luminosities of entire galaxies are correlated with their H I content, blue luminosity, disk area, far-infrared luminosity, Hubble type, Elmegreen arm type, DDO luminosity class, total B-V color, disk B-V color, and H-alpha emission. A weighted correlation test is derived and applied to correct for the strong Malmquist bias in the available CO observations of galaxies. The relative strengths of the correlations indicate that molecular emission has a strong dependence on galaxy scale, a weak dependence on galaxy form, and is closely linked to tracers of star forming regions.

Verter, Frances↗
NASA NTRS1988

Star-forming galaxies in the infrared

The infrared properties from IRAS of galaxy samples previously observed in the optical and ultraviolet are summarized in order to predict quantitatively the infrared fluxes corresponding to galaxies of given fluxes in other wavebands. An infrared luminosity function of galaxies is presented and used to predict galaxy counts and redshift ranges at the flux limits expected for SIRTF. Depending on the precise limit and whether or not galaxies evolve, SIRTF will see as many as 2200 galaxies/sq deg at 30 microns.

Weedman, Daniel W.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Prospects for exploring the local galaxies through the study of their high-energy gamma-ray emission

In the near future, high-energy (E greater than 20 MeV) gamma-ray astronomy offers the promise of a new means of examining the closest galaxies. Three local galaxies, the SMCs, LMCs, and M31, should be visible to the high-energy gamma-ray telescope on the Gamma Ray Observatory and the first two should be seen by GAMMA-1. It is expected that the intensity and the structure of both of the Magellanic Clouds can be examined in sufficient detail to study the cosmic-ray density and its variation, and, thereby, to determine the relevant scale of coupling for the cosmic rays and diffuse matter. With the assumptions of adequate sources and reasonable magnetic field strengths, both of which should likely be satisfied, very specific predictions of the gamma-ray emission can be made separating the three current cosmic-ray containment concepts, namely that it is on the scale of one to a few kiloparsec mass clustering, the whole galaxy, or some much larger scale. Further, because of the markedly different distributions of molecular and atomic hydrogen in the galaxies and the differences between the galaxies, an independent measure of the normalization of the diffuse molecular hydrogen density is possible.

Ozel, Mehmet E.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Detection of CO(1 to 0) emission from infrared quasars and luminous Seyfert galaxies

CO(1 to 0) emission has been detected from the infrared quasar IRAS 07598+6508 and the luminous Seyfert galaxies IRAS 08572+3915 and Markarian 463 with the IRAM 30-m telescope. These objects were selected from a complete list of warm ultraluminous IRAS sources. The maximum redshift observed was 0.149 (cz = 44.621 km/s , IRAS 07598+6508). Assuming the same empirical relationship between CO brightness and H2 surface mass density as has been found for giant molecular clouds in the Milky Way, the mass of H2 gas in these objects is in the range 0.7 - 6 x 10 to the 10th solar masses, more than 2 - 20 times the H2 content of the Galaxy. The infrared and molecular gas properties of these galaxies are similar to other 'warm' ultraluminous infrared galaxies such as Mrk 231, and the UV-excess quasar Mrk 1014. It is suggested that objects such as these represent an important link in the evolution of ultraluminous infrared galaxies into UV-excess quasars.

Sanders, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The Wasilewski sample of emission-line galaxies - Follow-up CCD imaging and spectroscopic and IRAS observations

The results of an extensive imaging and spectroscopic follow-up of the objective prism-selected emission line galaxy (ELG) sample of Wasilewski (1982) are presented. Fluxes at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns were also obtained from the coadded IRAS survey data. ELGs found by objective prism surveys are found to be generally small and underluminous galaxies which usually have higher than average optical surface brightness. The Seyfert detection rate in objective prism surveys is roughly 10 percent and the ratio of the space densities of Seyfert 2 to Seyfert 1 galaxies is significantly larger than unity. Most of the galaxies selected by objective prism surveys are star-forming, late-type spirals which often show disturbed morphology. About 25 percent of the galaxies detected by the surveys are faint, high-excitation metal-poor compact H II regions.

Bothun, Gregory D.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A millimeter-wave survey of CO emission in Seyfert galaxies

Emission in the 115 GHz 1-0 line of CO has been detected in 18 Seyfert galaxies in a sample of 43. The CO properties of 29 Seyferts in the Revised Shapley Ames Catalog (RSA) are compared with the CO properties of normal galaxies of the same Hubble type. These RSA type 2 Seyferts have an average ratio of CO-to-blue luminosity that is about twice as large as that of the normal galaxies, but the RSA type 1 Seyferts have normal CO luminosities. The RSA type 2 Seyfert galaxies have an unusually large average ratio of CO luminosity-to-H I mass compared to normal disk galaxies. The RSA type 2 Seyferts have an average far-IR luminosity that is about four times larger than a non-Seyfert comparison sample, while the RSA type 1 Seyferts are not significantly more luminous than the non-Seyferts. The result imply that the two classes of Seyferts are intrinsically different from one another and that one class cannot evolve into another in less than a few million years.

Heckman, T. M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A cooling flow in a high-redshift, X-ray-selected cluster of galaxies

The X-ray cluster of galaxies IE 0839.9 + 2938 was serendipitously discovered with the Einstein Observatory. CCD imaging at R and V wavelengths show that the color of the dominant elliptical galaxy of this cluster is significantly bluer than the colors of the next brightest cluster galaxies. Strong emission lines, typical of cD galaxies with cooling flows, are present in the spectrum of the dominant galaxy, from which a redshift of 0.193 is derived. The emitting line region is spatially resolved with an extension of about 13 kpc. All the collected data suggest that this cluster is one of the most distant cooling flow clusters known to date.

Nesci, Roberto↗
NASA NTRS1989

Molecular gas, the interstellar medium, and star formation in S0 and Sa galaxies

The results are presented of a survey for CO J = 1 - 0 emission from S0 and S0/a galaxies. The results show that molecular gas is abundant within some early-type disk galaxies, and that the range in the ratio of molecular gas to atomic gas mass is similar to those in other disk galaxies. In the S0 and S0/a galaxies studied, estimated rates of star formation are substantially smaller than, but efficiencies of star formation are roughly the same as, those in Sb or Sc galaxies. Although the rate of cooling of the hot, X-ray emitting gas may be close to the estimated stellar mass return rate in the sample, the star formation rate probably exceeds both by a significant factor.

Thronson, Harley A., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Spectral evolution of active galactic nuclei Penrose Compton scattering processes and gamma ray emission from Seyfert galaxies

In black hole spectral evolution models for active galactic nuclei (AGN), present epoch Seyfert galaxies evolve from an earlier precursor active galaxy (PAG) stage at redshift z is approximately 7 where they acted as the thermal sources responsible for the residual cosmic x ray background (RCXB). The Seyfert galaxies which emerge in this context emit Penrose Compton Scattering (PCS) gamma ray transients on the order of hours with a kinematic cutoff in the spectrum less than or equal to 3 MeV. The EGRET (Energetic Gamma-Ray Experimental Telescope/ OSSE (Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment/ COMPTEL (Compton Telescope)/ BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment) instruments on the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) are appropriate instruments to carry out further tests of this model by studying: PCS gamma ray transient emission from individual galaxies and, the possibility that present epoch PCS gamma ray emitting Seyfert galaxies contribute observable temporal variability to the excess diffuse gamma ray background component less than or equal to 3 MeV.

Leiter, Darryl↗
NASA NTRS1989

Long-slit optical spectroscopy of powerful far-infrared galaxies - The nature of the nuclear energy source

Optical spectroscopic data are presented for a sample of 47 powerful far-IR galaxies chosen for IR spectral shape, and for six other IR-bright galaxies. The stellar absorption lines expected from a population of old stars are generally very weak in the nuclei of the galaxies. Very weak Mg I absorption is found in regions well off the nucleus, implying that the visible spectrum is dominated by young stars and not by an AGN. At least one, and probably five, of the galaxies have detectable WR emission features, providing additional evidence for a young stellar population. About 20 percent of the galaxies have strong Balmer absorption lines, indicating the presence of a substantial intermediate-age stellar population. The equivalent width of the H-alpha emission line can be modeled as arising from a mixture of a large young population and an intermediate-age population of stars.

Armus, Lee↗
NASA NTRS1990

Dust obscuration by an evolving galaxy population

The effect of an evolving luminosity function (LF) on the ability of foreground galaxies to obscure background sources is discussed, using the Press-Schechter/CDM standard evolving LF model. Galaxies are modeled as simplified versions of local spirals and Poisson statistics are used to estimate the fraction of sky covered by intervening dusty galaxies and the mean optical depths due to these galaxies. The results are compared to those obtained in the case of nonevolving luminosity function in a low-density universe. It is found that evolution of the galaxy LF does not allow the quasar dust obscuration hypothesis to be sustained for dust disks with plausible sizes. Even in a low-density universe, where evolution at z = less than 10 is unimportant, large disk radii are needed to achieve the desired obscuring effect. The mean fraction of sky covered is presented as a function of the redshift z along with adequate diagram illustrations.

Najita, Joan↗
NASA NTRS1990

A deep redshift survey of IRAS galaxies towards the Bootes void

Redshifts were measured for a complete sample of galaxies detected by the IRAS within 11.5 deg of the center of the void in Bootes discovered by Kirshner et al (1981). There are 12 IRAS galaxies within the void as defined by the above authors, seven of which were discovered in this survey. One of these has a companion at the same redshift. The resulting density of IRAS galaxies in the void is measured to be between 1/6 and 1/3 of the average density; the uncertainty is dominated by Poisson statistics. Good agreement is found between the selection function and number density derived from the present sample and those derived from the all-sky sample of Strauss (1989). The optical spectra of the newly found galaxies in the void are typical of IRAS galaxies in the field.

Dey, Arjun↗
NASA NTRS1990

Infrared properties of nearby radio galaxies

The IRAS data for a sample of nearby radio galaxies (z less than 0.13) are analyzed. Comparison of the infrared, radio, and optical data suggests that most of the long-wavelength infrared emission comes from cool interstellar dust for almost all of the galaxies; these galaxies may contain large amounts (10 to the 8th - 10 to the 10th solar masses of interstelar matter. About 15 percent of the galaxies show evidence for a hotter thermal component emitting at the shorter IRAS wavelengths; this could be due to dust in the inner regions of the galaxy heated by the active galactic nucleus.

Knapp, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

X rays from normal galaxies

The Einstein Observatory, Exosat, and Ginga observations of X-rays from normal galaxies are reviewed. Local spirals and bright spiral galaxies are discussed, emphasizing the nature of the X-ray sources and addressing average sample properties and correlation with other wavebands. Starburst activity and low-activity nuclei are examined. The hot ISM, halos, and cooling flows in elliptical galaxies are addressed, and what X-ray observations reveal about the mass of early-type galaxies is considered. The relationship between radio sources and gaseous halos and between galaxies and the X-ray background is discussed.

Fabbiano, G.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The influence of environment on gas and dust in S0 galaxies

Consideration is given to the effect of local environemnt on the gas and dust content of S0 galaxies relative to other spiral systems in the Local Supercluster. The optical properties, H I content, and FIR continuum properties of a complete sample of Local Supercluster S0 galaxies are analyzed. The characteristics of S0 galaxies are compared with those of Sa and Sc galaxies. It is concluded that, like other spiral galaxies, S0's undergo continuing gas removal when they pass through high-density regions.

Haynes, M. P.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Infrared studies of elliptical galaxies. II - A radio-selected sample

An IR survey of radio galaxies in the Bologna B2 catalog is reported. It is found that 40 percent of the sample has IR luminosities of at least one billion solar luminosities, as opposed to about 8 pecent of normal ellipticals. The galaxies are inhomogeneous in their IR properties. The most IR-luminous galaxies are those listed as peculiar by Zwicky. Statistically, these galaxies are strikingly different from Seyfert galaxies in their IR properties in that they show much more radio emission in comparison with their IR emission than do Seyferts, even when the emission from the extended radio lobes has been discounted.

Impey, C. D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The gas/dust ratio in spiral galaxies

IRAS data are used here to calculate warm dust masses, which are then compared with the molecular and atomic gas masses for 58 spiral galaxies in order to constrain the fraction and the phase of the interstellar medium in spiral galaxies that contributes to the emission measured by IRAS. The dispersion in the ratio of dust mass to total gas mass is larger than expected on the basis of measurement errors. The dispersion in the ratio of dust mass to inner disk gas mass is less than the dispersion in the ratio of IR to radio emission. The inner gas to warm dust mass ratio for spiral galaxies is 1080 + or - 70, indicating that 80-90 percent of the dust mass in spiral galaxies is radiating at over 100 microns and has a temperature less than about 30 K. However, the bulk of the dust in spiral galaxies is less than about 15 K regardless of the phase of the ISM. Both H I and H2-associated dust contributes to the warm 30 K emission.

Devereux, Nicholas A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

IRAS galaxies and the large-scale structure in the CfA slice

The spatial distributions of the IRAS and the optical galaxies in the first CfA slice are compared. The IRAS galaxies are generally less clustered than optical ones, but their distribution is essentially identical to that of late-type optical galaxies. The discrepancy between the clustering properties of the IRAS and optical samples in the CfA slice region is found to be entirely due to the paucity of IRAS galaxies in the core of the Coma cluster. The spatial distributions of the IRAS and the optical galaxies, both late and early types, outside the dense core of the Coma cluster are entirely consistent with each other. This conflicts with the prediction of the linear biasing scenario.

Babul, Arif↗