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At least 1,405 records · Page 78

Virtual Oscillator Control Maintains Grid Operations with High Inverter Penetrations

VOC makes each inverter behave electrically like a spring, 'bouncing back' to its normal operating range when disturbed. Coupling these inverters electronically could result in a new way to stabilize power grids. VOC has been demonstrated in a microgrid using several small inverters. In addition, five custom-designed inverters have been built and will be tested with grid simulations at NREL using power hardware-in-the-loop technology. VOC may provide a simple method to keep microgrids stable -- a topic of growing interest as resilience to energy disruptions gains prominence. VOC may also provide a means to transition power grids from today's inertia-dominated systems to systems that do not rely on rotating machinery.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Status of New Models Hosted on the Virtual Test Bed (VTB) in 2022

The VTB hosts 20 distinct models, 8 of which were recently developed during 2022 and will be discussed in more detail here. This article provides an overview of the various models hosted and their capabilities. Part of the intent of the VTB is to showcase a ‘block’ style approach to modeling and simulation: if a capability is not showcased for a specific reactor type, it could, in theory, be easily ported/replicated from another. The breadth of advanced reactor types considered is representative of the large variety of concepts being proposed for demonstration.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

Virtual Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VirtualVAM)

Abstract Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) produces arbitrary 3D geometries by exposure of a rotating volume of photopolymer resin to tomographically‐patterned illumination. This enables high speed, layer‐less printing of parts from a wide range of photopolymers not amenable to layer‐by‐layer processes. Since the entire geometry is produced at once over the course of a few seconds to minutes, molecular diffusion length scales become significant to the printing process. Understanding these molecular reaction and diffusion processes is imperative for advancing VAM to a usable technology. These processes are experimentally very difficult to monitor and measure. Herein, VirtualVAM ‐ a simulation framework for modeling the tomographic VAM process, is developed and experimentally validated. VirtualVAM simulates reaction, diffusion, and heat generation processes over the course of a print with single‐voxel resolution. From a few experimentally‐determined input parameters and a set of images for projection, VirtualVAM is able to generate a large spatio‐temporal data set for any given tomographic VAM print. Using VirtualVAM, a number of experimentally‐unattainable aspects of the VAM process are investigated such as single‐voxel conversion profiles, effect of molecular oxygen, and stopping time determination. VirtualVAM also enables the optimization of exposure patterns to further improve contrast between in‐part and out‐of‐part delivered dose.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Master integrals for the NNLO virtual corrections to μe scattering in QED: the planar graphs

Here, we evaluate the master integrals for the two-loop, planar box-diagrams contributing to the elastic scattering of muons and electrons at next-to-next-to leading-order in QED. We adopt the method of differential equations and the Magnus exponential series to determine a canonical set of integrals, finally expressed as a Taylor series around four space-time dimensions, with coefficients written as combination of generalized poly-logarithms. The electron is treated as massless, while we retain full dependence on the muon mass. The considered integrals are also relevant for crossing-related processes, such as di-muon production at e + e – -colliders, as well as for the QCD corrections to top -pair production at hadron colliders.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗