Simultaneous control of temperature and humidity in a confined space. I - Mathematical modeling of the dynamic behavior of temperature and humidity in a confined space.
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Nakanishi, E.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Space shuttle/payload interface analysis. Volume 4: Business Risk and Value of Operations in Space (BRAVO). Part 3: Workbook
A collection of blank worksheets for use on each BRAVO problem to be analyzed is supplied, for the purposes of recording the inputs for the BRAVO analysis, working out the definition of mission equipment, recording inputs to the satellite synthesis computer program, estimating satellite earth station costs, costing terrestrial systems, and cost effectiveness calculations. The group of analysts working BRAVO will normally use a set of worksheets on each problem, however, the workbook pages are of sufficiently good quality that the user can duplicate them, if more worksheet blanks are required than supplied. For Vol. 1, see N74-12493; for Vol. 2, see N74-14530.
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Space processing payloads for the Space Shuttle era
This paper discusses the definition of facilities which will serve the research needs of a large group of users. These facilities (payloads) are derived by several combinations of items from a large inventory of modular, reusable research equipment, enabling us to respond to many flight opportunities. Workable concepts have been laid out and inputted into the Spacelab design activity. These designs permit the flying of either partial or dedicated payloads. Also addressed in this paper are the technical integrity of the modular approach to payload design and integration, and the utility of commercial equipment technology.
Taylor, K. R.↗
Historics of the Space Tracking And Data Acquisition Network (STADAN), the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN), and the NASA Communications Network (NASCOM)
The historical and technical aspects of the major networks which comprise the NASA tracking and data acquisition system are considered in a complete reference work which traces the origin and growth of STADAN, MSFN, and NASCOM up to mid-1971. The roles of these networks in both the Gemini and Apollo programs are discussed, and the separate developmental trends are identified for each network.
Corliss, W. R.↗
Development of space stable thermal control coatings for use on large space vehicles
The development of a large scale manufacturing method for the production of a stable zinc orthotitanate pigment is discussed. Major emphasis was placed on the evaluation of ultraviolet radiation stability tests of pigments derived from coprecipitated and individually precipitated oxalates. Emphasis was also placed on an investigation of the conditions (time and temperature) leading to high reflectance and high optical stability. Paints were formulated in OI-650 and in OI-650G vehicles from pigments which were prepared at various temperatures. Analyses of ultraviolet irradiation test data were conducted regarding optimum pigment preparation parameters and treatment conditions.
Gilligan, J. E.↗
Development of space stable thermal control coatings for use on large space vehicles
The development of a large scale manufacturing method for the production of a stable zinc orthotitanate pigment is discussed. Major emphasis was placed on the evaluation of the radiation stability of Tektronix, Inc. pigments and of the conditions (time and temperature) leading to high reflection and high optical stability. Paints were formulated in OI-650 and in OI-650G vehicles from pigments which were prepared at various temperatures, some of which were chemically treated to remove ZnO. Ultraviolet irradiation tests of these paints were performed, and observations made regarding optimum pigment preparation parameters.
Gilligan, J. E.↗
Development of space stable thermal control coatings for use on large space vehicles
The development of a large scale manufacturing method for the production of a stable zinc orthotitanate pigment is studied, with emphasis placed on the comprehensive analysis of the properties and environmental stability of oxalate precursor zinc orthotitanate pigments and of the preparative conditions (time and temperature) leading to optimum properties and optical stability.
Gilligan, J. E.↗
Development of space stable thermal control coatings for use on large space vehicles
Pigment manufacturing development, binder development, environmental effects evaluations, and general coatings investigations are discussed. The relative emphasis on each of these tasks varied according to the urgency of the problems elucidated and the availability of time and funds. Emphasis is placed on the development of a mixed oxalate precursor zinc orthotitanate pigment manufacturing method and related studies and on complementary environmental testing and evaluation activities.
Harada, Y.↗
Study to define and verify the personal oral hygiene requirements for extended manned space flight: Oral physiology and microbiology in Skylab manned space missions
Methods for metabolic fingerprinting of pathogenic oral bacteria were developed and the effects of Skylab missions on salivary electrolyte levels were studied. High resolution gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) and pyrolysis-GLC procedures were used to obtain metabolic profiles of closely related bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. It was found that the GLC procedures provide a practical and reproducible means of obtaining metabolic markers for identifying closely related strains of these organisms. Fractions of stimulated whole saliva samples from the prime and back-up crews of the three Skylab missions were used to measure salivary electrolyte concentrations. All the electrolytes previously reported as having increased in urine and feces during the missions were assessed. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous and chloride were studied. A decrease in sodium and an increase in magnesium were observed, but the mineral imbalances attributable to the mission-related increases in urinary electrolytes were not detected.
Brown, L. R.↗
Performance data of space and ground hydrogen masers and ionospheric studies for high-accuracy comparisons between space and ground clocks
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Vessot, R. F. C.↗
Space station thermal control systems study. Development of thermal control system design concepts for manned space. Volume 1: Synopsis
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Tawil, M. N.↗
Space mathematics: A resource for teachers. Outlining supplementary space-related problems in mathematics
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Development of space stable thermal control coatings for use in large space vehicles
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Gilligan, J. E.↗
Development of space stable thermal control coatings for use on large space vehicles
The development of a large scale manufacturing method for the production of a stable zinc orthotitanate pigment by means of an oxalate co-precipitation method is examined. Pigments were prepared at various temperatures, and major emphasis was placed on the determination of the important parameters of post-precipitation firing and treatment. A large-scale process for the modification of a glass resin binder was developed and paints were formulated using the binder.
Gilligan, J. E.↗
Lack of agreement over the use and ownership of the internationally shared resources (such as air space, outer space and the oceans) leading to international conflict
The lack of adequate institutional mechanisms to regulate, monitor and govern the use of commonly owned world resources appears to be politically destabilizing and subject to socioeconomic pressures of overpopulation, food shortages, cartelism, terrorism, and wealth distribution to developing countries. The capacity and propensity to wage war and its potential consequences are elaborated. It is shown that technology is one of the dominant factors affecting the exploration and management of commonly shared resources.
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Development of space-stable thermal control coatings for use on large space vehicles
The potential of zinc orthotitanate as a pigment for spacecraft thermal control was demonstrated. The properties and performance of pigments prepared by solid state, coprecipitation, and mixed oxalate methods were compared. Environmental tests and subsequent spectral analysis were given primary emphasis.
Gilligan, J. E.↗
Advanced space system concepts and their orbital support needs (1980 - 2000). Volume 4: Detailed data. Part 2: Program plans and common support needs (a study of the commonality of space vehicle applications to future national needs
The methodology of alternate world future scenarios is utilized for selecting a plausible, though not advocated, set of future scenarios each of which results in a program plan appropriate for the respective environment. Each such program plan gives rise to different building block and technology requirements, which are analyzed for common need between the NASA and the DoD for each of the alternate world scenarios. An essentially invariant set of system, building block, and technology development plans is presented at the conclusion, intended to allow protection of most of the options for system concepts regardless of what the actual future world environment turns out to be. Thus, building block and technology needs are derived which support: (1) each specific world scenario; (2) all the world scenarios identified in this study; or (3) generalized scenarios applicable to almost any future environment. The output included in this volume consists of the building blocks, i.e.: transportation vehicles, orbital support vehicles, and orbital support facilities; the technology required to support the program plans; identification of their features which could support the DoD and NASA in common; and a complete discussion of the planning methodology.
Bekey, I.↗
Development and application of functional manning standards in the National Aeronautics and Space and Space Administration
Regression analysis was applied to obtain a mathematical equation to determine a workload indicator in relation with the manpower required at the NASA. The equation thus derived was used to construct the requirements tables in the manning standards to improved management methods. Manning standards were discussed at a national conference.
Maull, W. A.↗