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At least 1,405 records · Page 78

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NASA NTRS1980

The coupled effects of chemistry and diffusion on the stratospheric ozone reduction

The effect of diffusive-mixing on O3-depletion is estimated using the five-step chemistry model. The coupled treatment uses an equilibrium turbulence field and retains the key features of the kinetics while keeping the chemistry simple. Results indicate that those calculations of Hilst and Donaldson (1973) employing the conservation of NO2/NO will yield erroneous results, and it is found that any significant level of turbulence will reduce the severity of the NOx catalytic cycle for O3 destruction.

Gupta, R. N.↗

NASA NTRS1982

A high time resolution study of the solar wind-magnetosphere energy coupling function

A high time resolution study of the relationships between the solar wind-magnetosphere energy coupling function and the total energy dissipation rate of the magnetosphere is made using 5-min average values of solar wind data and of the geomagnetic indices AE and Dst. All the results are essentially the same as those obtained by the earlier studies which were based on the hourly average data set. Therefore, it is confirmed that the magnetosphere is primarily a driven system

Akasofu, S.-I.↗

NASA NTRS1982

A boundary-coupled generalization of the Newcomb stability criterion

In magnetohydrodynamic problems in which there are boundaries in the axial or azimuthal symmetry directions, the energy principle involves multiple nonorthogonal trial perturbations. The subsequent Euler-Lagrange coupling of these allowed excitations necessitates a generalization of the Newcomb necessary-and-sufficient stability criterion. This extension, in which the absence of a conjugate point (instead of a simple zero) provides stability, is described in this paper. An important aspect of the proof involves the treatment of certain asymmetries which arise in the presence of the anisotropy caused by the magnetic field. The general method described here has applications to finite-length axial laboratory pinches and to astrophysical plasmas with rooted magnetic fields.

Ray, A.↗

NASA NTRS1982

The development and applications of charge-coupled devices for space astronomy

The developments in charge-coupled device technology over the past decade are reviewed, with emphasis on the relevance of these developments to astronomical applications. The characteristics and limitations of current commercial devices are described, and the future requirements on CCDs for space astronomy are summarized for the X-ray and near UV, optical, and infrared wavelength ranges. Emphasis is placed on the commonality of technological development which is called for, including the issues of quantum detection efficiency (photon entrance and depletion depth), charge transfer efficiency, modulation transfer function, output noise level, and array size. The system requirements on focal plane instrumentation for space astronomy are summarized, and shown to have much in common for the different wavelength bands. These requirements are discussed in terms of CCD mosaicing, cryogenic cooling, and electronics. The overlap in CCD developments in the defense, astronomical and commercial arenas is summarized.

Griffiths, R. E.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Estimating Design Loads in Coupled Vibrating Structures

Approximate spectral analysis faster and less expensive than transient analysis. Method of vibration analysis combines separate modes of spacecraft and launcher to determine approximate conditions for resonance. Useful for analysis of any complex structure made up of substructures not coupled too closely; however important to note, method includes effect of dynamic impedance between launcher and payload.

Trubert, M. R.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Gain selection method and model for coupled propulsion and airframe systems

A longitudinal model is formulated for an advanced fighter from three subsystem models: the inlet, the engine, and the airframe. Notable interaction is found in the coupled system. A procedure, based on eigenvalue sensitivities, is presented which indicates the importance of the feedback gains to the optimal solution. This allows ineffectual gains to be eliminated; thus, hardware and expense may be saved in the realization of the physical controller.

Murphy, P. C.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Numerical solution of a coupled pair of elliptic equations from solid state electronics

Iterative methods are considered for the solution of a coupled pair of second order elliptic partial differential equations which arise in the field of solid state electronics. A finite difference scheme is used which retains the conservative form of the differential equations. Numerical solutions are obtained in two ways, by multigrid and dynamic alternating direction implicit methods. Numerical results are presented which show the multigrid method to be an efficient way of solving this problem.

Phillips, T. N.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Nonstationary coupling between the magnetosphere and ionosphere

Resonant coupling of large scale MHD waves to small scale kinetic Alfven waves is described. The small-scale waves drive field-aligned currents tens of micro A/sqm into the ionosphere with accelerated electrons of energies a few keV. Bounce resonant interaction with standing kinetic Alfven waves may precipitate higher energy electrons. East-west aligned arcs should be thinnest and move polewards relative to the plasma at the poleward edge. Downward travelling wave packets trap electrons between the wave front and the ionosphere whose energy is below the peak energy and whose phase-space density should be independent of the peak energy.

Goertz, C. K.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Theoretical investigation of the force and dynamically coupled torsional-axial-lateral dynamic response of eared rotors

Difficulties in solution methodology to be used to deal with the potentially higher nonlinear rotor equations when dynamic coupling is included. A solution methodology is selected to solve the nonlinear differential equations. The selected method was verified to give good results even at large nonlinearity levels. The transfer matrix methodology is extended to the solution of nonlinear problems.

David, J. W.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Carrier arraying with coupled phase-locked loops for tracking improvement

This paper considers a system that couples several phase-locked loops (PLL's) to improve carrier tracking performance. The system coherently combines the received carrier signals at geographically separated ground antennas to increase the total effective aperture. It automatically aligns the received carrier's phases to enhance received carrier signal-to-noise ratio. The tracking performance of this system is being assessed in terms of rms phase jitter.

Divsalar, D.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Aerodynamic investigation of closely coupled lifting surfaces with positive and negative stagger for general aviation applications

Aerodynamic closely coupled lifting surfaces were investigated for both conventional tail aft configurations and canard configurations to determine whether positive stagger or negative stagger had more attractive aerodynamic characteristics. An inviscid multi-element vortex panel program was used in conjunction with a momentum integral boundary layer program to predict two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics. A multi-element vortex lattice program was used for three-dimensional characteristics. Pressure distributions, transition location, momentum thickness, two- and three-dimensional drag, and boundary layer separation were compared for the positive and negative stagger case. For staggers less than six the results demonstrated that positive stagger configurations are aerodynamically superior.

Selberg, B. P.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Dynamics of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling including turbulent transport

The dynamics of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling has been investigated by means of a two-dimensional two-fluid MHD model including anomalous resistivity. When field-aligned current is generated on auroral field lines, the disturbance propagates toward the ionosphere in the form of a kinetic Alfven wave. When the current exceeds a critical value, microscopic turbulence is produced, which modifies the propagation of the Alfven wave. This process is modeled by a nonlinear collision frequency, which increases with the excess of the drift velocity over the critical value. The system evolves toward an electrostatic structure, with the perpendicular electric field having a shorter scale than the field-aligned current. The approach to a steady state is strongly dependent on the presence or absence of the turbulence and on the boundary conditions imposed in the generator. As current is increased or scale size is decreased, the turbulent region reflects and absorbs most of the Alfven wave energy, decoupling the generator from the ionosphere.

Lysak, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Evaluation of a virtual phase charged-coupled device as an imaging X-ray spectrometer

The X-ray response of an 800 x 800 Texas Instruments virtual phase charge-coupled device (CCD) has been measured in the range 1-8 keV. In the single-photon counting mode, excellent energy resolution (approximately 250 eV FWHM is found for single-pixel Fe-55 X-ray events at a spatial resolution of 15 microns. The detector quantum efficiency for all events is 65% at 2.3 keV (S K line) and approximately 34% at 5.9 keV (Mn K line from Fe-55). The CCD response is linear in energy to a few percent over the 1-8 keV energy range. These results demonstrate that virtual phase CCDs are superior imaging X-ray spectrometers with applications for X-ray astronomy and laboratory plasma research.

Stern, R. A.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Saturation of the lower-hybrid-drift instability by mode coupling

A nonlinear mode-coupling theory of the lower-hybrid-drift instability is presented. It is found that the instability saturates by transferring energy from the growing, long wavelength modes to the damped, short wavelength modes. The saturation energy, mean square of the potential fluctuations, and diffusion coefficient are calculated self-consistently.

Drake, J. F.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Diffraction coupled phase-locked semiconductor laser array

A new monolithic, diffraction coupled phase-locked semiconductor laser array has been fabricated. Stable narrow far-field patterns (approximately 3 deg) and peak power levels of 1 W have been obtained for 100-micron-wide devices with threshold currents as low as 250 mA. Such devices may be useful in applications where high power levels and stable radiation patterns are needed.

Katz, J.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Inclusion of discrete-to-continuum coupling in multiphoton excitation and dissociation calculations

A nonperturbative approach to multiphoton excitation and dissociation of molecules is presented in which coupling to the continuum is treated explicitly. Transitions among continuum levels are not modeled directly, but something of their effect is represented by assuming that the continuum population density is so low as to be effectively zero at all times. Two trial applications are briefly discussed.

Zimmerman, I. H.↗

NASA NTRS1983

State vector formulation of substructure coupling for damped systems

A generalized substructure coupling procedure in state vector form is derived for a complex system with general viscous damping. This first-order differential equation formulation is used in order to permit complex substructure modes to be employed easily. The free-interface normal (complex) modes and rigid-body modes of the substructure are defined. Complex residual attachment modes which result from static approximation of neglected higher modes are derived. The motion of each substructure is represented by a selected set of component modes. Equations of interface compatibility are employed to obtain an independent set of system equations of motion. A new method which employs incomplete complex normal modes in conjunction with the complex residual attachment modes to account for the contribution of neglected higher order modes is derived. Examples are employed to indicate how a damped structure may be analyzed by including the effect of residual attachment modes. Numerical results indicate that the new component mode synthesis method provides sytem equations of motion with reduced number of degrees of feedom leading to more accurate approximations to the system frequencies and damping factors than are obtained by pure mode truncation.

Chung, Y.-T.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Galileo Institute for Astronomy (IFA) charge-coupled device (CCD) system

A fully portable self-contained charge-coupled device system has been constructed for shared use with the Galileo Project Imaging Team. The detector currently incorporated in the system is a Texas Instruments 500 x 500 three-phase CCD that has been thinned to operate in the backside illuminated mode. The detector and camera mainframe electronics were provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The support electronics and control interfaces necessary to operate the mainframe were constructed. The data system, which is built around a DeAnza Visacom VC-5000 Image Processor with an imbedded LSI-11 minicomputer, was also integrated. The capability to do image processing in real-time at the telescope has proved to be extremely valuable. The overall system read noise has been measured at 25 electrons. Full-well capacity is 40,000 electrons. Some results from laboratory tests and initial observing runs at the Mauna Kea 2.2-m telescope are presented.

Hlivak, R. J.↗