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At least 1,405 records · Page 78
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Contribution Slides for External IAEA Conference Radiation Chemistry Review

Contribution slides for an invited talk (presented by Professor Mohamad Al-Sheikhly, University of Maryland ) at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)- Virtual Workshop on Radiation Technology for Industry and Environment. The title of the review talk is "Future Trends in Radiation Technology Applications in Advancing Science and Engineering".

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2024

Poster for 12th World Conference for Neutron Radiography (WCNR-12)

Complimentary Relationships Between Neutron Computed Radiography and Digital X-ray Radiography of Radioactive Specimens The Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) Facility is a 19,000 MW reactor located at the Idaho National Laboratory which is used for transient testing of materials and experiments. A neutron radiography facility is installed which allows for low resolution neutron imaging with a capability of items up to 20 cm wide and 400 cm long. Along with the neutron radiography facility, a 370 kV digital X-ray system is located onsite for when X-ray imaging is more practical or when rapid imaging is requested. The X-ray facility can accommodate specimens up to 61 cm wide and 1000 cm long. This poster discusses the complimentary relationship between transfer-method Neutron Computed Radiography (nCR) and Digital X-ray Radiography (DR) imaging of radioactive specimens along with practical applications for nuclear fuels and materials testing programs. Both nCR and DR images were acquired of inert gas and water filled apparatus containing differing materials at varying radiation levels. Highly radioactive items have no effect on nCR image quality whereas radioactivity has varying degrees of effect in DR. Radioactive items as high as 20 mSv/h have been successfully imaged using X-ray DR methods.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

2023 American Society for Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) 71st Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics

Title (20 words): The investigation of the mechanism for the water splitting by holmium oxide nitrate complex in gas-phase Introduction (120 words): The studies for hydrogen from water splitting is important for clean energy economy as molecular hydrogen is a potential energy carrier. Therefore, understanding the fundamental chemistry of water splitting is essential. The water splitting activated by [Ho(NO3)4]- was previously studied. The suggested mechanism was to first eliminate •NO2 from [Ho(NO3)4]- to make [HoO(NO3)3]-. Then, water was added to form [HoO(NO3)3(H2O)]-, followed by eliminating the •OH to form [HoOH(NO3)3]-. However, we proposed a new mechanism with the formation of [Ho(NO3)3]- prior to the water addition. Once water is added to this intermediate to make [Ho(NO3)3(H2O)]-, the •H is eliminated to form [HoOH(NO3)3]-. Here we have used a labeled experiments with 18-O nitrates. The results to support the new mechanism are discussed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

2023 American Society for Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) 71st Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics

Introduction (120 words max) Understanding metal-cluster chemistry occuring at solvent boundaries in the aqueous and organic phases has applications in environments from cellular processes to nuclear fuel reprocessing. Transport of metal ions at the boundaries from aqueous to organic phases involves forming a metal-ligand complex, and wherever the initial metal coordination environment is significantly different from the final one, the metal transitions through a series of transient species in passing from one phase to another. Here an investigation of the role of coordination in the chemistry of the transient species using gas-phase measurements that are free of solvent effects to better understand the binding of complexes of metals with triphenylphosphine chalcogenide ligands, examining metal-ligand homo- and hetero-dimers to better understand transient species. Methods (120 word max) Mass spectrometry and collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments were performed with a Bruker (Billerica, MA, USA) micrOTOF-Q II quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF) and Bruker amaZon speed ETD (ion trap). High resolution/high mass accuracy spectra were generated using the QTOF. External calibration was performed with Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA) ESI-L Low Concentration tuning mix. Both mass spectrometers were equipped with either the electrospray ionization source or nanospray sources. Metal samples were prepared between 40 – 60 uM of the metal-ligand complex in 25% water and 75% acetonitrile. Metal-ion clusters were isolated and subjected to collision induced dissociation. Density functional theory calculations were performed. Preliminary Data or Plenary Speakers Abstract (300 words max) Metal ion clusters with triphenylphosphine chalcogenide ligands were observed for group I metals with triphenylphosphine chalcogenide samples in the mass spectrum upon electrospray ionization. For each metal ligand complex of interest, the parent ion was isolated and collision induced dissociation fragmentation spectra were acquired. We observed clusters of group I metal with triphenylphosphine oxide, triphenyl phosphine sulfide, and triphenylphosphine selenide, with homodimers and heterodimer formation. In samples where the ligands were mixed, we observed mixed sodium ligand clusters at varying amounts. These mixed ligand clusters were fragmented. Metal clusters of mixed ligand dimers containing triphenylphosphine oxide showed preferential loss of the other ligand, either triphenylphosphine sulfide or triphenyl selenide. In samples with mixed triphenylphosphine sulfide and triphenylphosphine selenium ligands, sodium bound similarly between the ligands, and losses were more evenly split, showing loss ratio upon CID with losses of triphenylphosphine sulfide:triphenylphosphine selenide 43:57 ratio observed on CID. These results suggest that the oxide binds significantly more strongly than either the selenium or sulfur triphenylphosphine ligand, and the sulfur and selenium ligands are more evenly bound. Calculations were performed using density functional theory to calculate likely structures and bond energies between the group I metal and the ligands. Novel Aspect Novel analysis of sodium bound dimers with chalcogenide triphenylphosphine ligands were investigated using mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurements of Irradiated Low Enriched Fuel with a Gamma-Ray Scanning System (ANIMMA 2023 Conference Presentation)

A gamma-ray scanning system was designed to perform post-irradiation measurements of nuclear fuel at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The system is composed of a coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, a collimator, and mechanical positioning stages that translate the fuel sample across the front of the collimator. A Monte Carlo N-Particle code simulation of the system and the fuel were created with vendor-supplied design specifications, dimensional measurements, and x-ray radiographs of the HPGe detector as well as all available fuel specifications. Benchmark measurements were performed by scanning an irradiated fuel rodlet containing eight pellets of 0.74% enriched UO2 in zirconium alloy. This fuel rodlet was part of the Environment Rodlet Transient Test Apparatus (SERTTA) testing campaign in the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT). These results were compared to simulated spectra to help characterize the detector model and establish fidelity. One goal of the system is to determine the number of fissions per gram of UO2 in the fuel. This article documents the modeling, benchmarking measurements, and the calculated number of fissions per gram in the SERTTA-A rodlet which was previously irradiated at TREAT.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Long-length Scintillating Fibers for Nuclear Waste Repositories (Conference Record)

This paper describes the fabrication, testing, and characterization of long-length, up to 50 m, scintillating fibers for the purpose of radiation monitoring in inaccessible radiological and nuclear waste repositories. The fabrication aspect was focused on ruggedizing the 1-mm diameter fiber and limiting external light interference for fibers. Testing and characterization were performed in a laboratory setting with radiation sources, a photosensor module and a multi-channel analyzer. Light attenuation was studied as a function of distance by analyzing both the spectrum and count rate. Additionally, the scintillating fibers were coupled to optical communication fibers (100 m) to extend the reach of the system. This paper also includes the optical spectrometry results from the sensitivity and response of the signal attenuation. Lastly, the paper covers the field testing of the scintillating fibers in a relevant environment.

47 - OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Estimation of General Area Dose Rates During Closure Weld Operations on the DOE Standard Canister Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference 2024

The Department of Energy (DOE) Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Road Ready Demonstration Project is an effort to package DOE-managed SNF for road-ready dry storage. A key operation in this demonstration is performing the closure weld on the DOE Standard Canister after it has been loaded with the SNF. Planning the closure weld operations is ongoing and must consider what parts of the operations (if any) can be done manually and what parts must be done remotely. A key parameter to inform the evolving planning of these operations is the dose rate in the vicinity of the canister and the dose hazard posed to the closure weld operators and collocated workers. This study developed a Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) model of the closure weld operation, which was used to estimate general area dose rates as well as dose rates to the welding location, weld operators, and collocated workers. These estimates provide some insight into the potential radiation exposure hazard for workers during the operations and are a factor to be considered in the ongoing development of designs, technology, processes, and administrative controls for packaging DOE-managed SNF for road-ready dry storage.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS2001

Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress & Future Goals

This award was intended to provide financial support for an international astrophysics conference on gravitational lensing which was held at Boston University from July 25 to July 30, 1999. Because of the nature of the award, no specific research was proposed, nor was any carried out. The participants at the conference presented results of their on-going research efforts, and written summaries of their presentations have been published by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific as part of their conference series. The reference to the conference proceedings book is Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress and Future Goals, ASP Conference Series volume 237, eds. T. G. Brainerd and C. S. Kochanek (2001). The ISBN number of this book is 1-58381-074-9. The goal of the conference was to bring together both senior and junior investigators who were actively involved in all aspects of gravitational lensing research. This was the first conference in four years to address gravitational lensing from such a broad perspective (the previous such conference being IAU Symposium 173 held in Melbourne, Australia in July 1995). The conference was attended by 190 participants, who represented of order 70 different institutions and of order 15 different countries. The Scientific Organizing Committee members were Matthias Bartelmann (co-chair), Tereasa Brainerd (co-chair), Ian Browne, Richard Ellis, Nick Kaiser, Yannick Mellier, Sjur Refsdal, HansWalter Rix, Joachim Wambsganss, and Rachel Webster. The Local Organizing Committee members were Tereasa Brainerd (chair), Emilio Falco, Jacqueline Hewitt, Christopher Kochanek, and Irwin Shapiro. The oral sessions were organized around specific applications of gravitational lensing and included invited reviews, invited 'targeted talks', and contributed talks. The review speakers were Roger Blandford, Tereasa Brainerd, Gus Evrard, Nick Kaiser, Guinevere Kaufmann, Chris Kochanek, Charley Lineweaver, Gerry Luppino, Shude Mao, Paul Schechter, Peter Snhneider, amd Ed Turner. The 'targeted talk' speakers were Andy Boden, Ian Browne, Emilio Falco, Harry Ferguson, Bhuvnesh Jain, Christine Jones, Arlie Petters, Hans-Walter Rix, Penny Sackett, Prasenjit Saha, Virginia Trimble, and Joachim Wambsganss. Due to limited time, only 25% of the abstracts which were submitted for consideration as contributed talks could actually be accepted for the final program; those which were not selected as talks were presented as posters, and a special poster viewing session was held to allow participants to present their work. A copy of the complete Final Program of the conference is included in the following pages.

Brainerd, Tereasa↗
NASA NTRS2011

Lidar Remote Sensing for Characterizing Forest Vegetation - Special Issue. Foreword

The Silvilaser 2009 conference held in College Station, Texas, USA, was the ninth conference in the Silvilaser series, which started in 2002 with the international workshop on using lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) for analyzing forest structure, held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Following the Canadian workshop, subsequent forestry-lidar conferences took place in Australia, Sweden, Germany, USA, Japan, Finland, and the United Kingdom (UK). By the time this Silvilaser 2009 special issue of PE&RS is published, the 10th international conference will have been held in Freiburg, Germany, and planning will be ongoing for the 11th meeting to take place in Tasmania, Australia, in October 2011. Papers presented at the 2005 conference held in Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, were assembled in a special issue of PE&RS published in December 2006. Other special issues resulting from previous conferences were published in journals such as the Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (2003), the Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research (2004), and Japan s Journal of Forest Planning (2008). Given the conference history and the much longer record of publications on lidar applications for estimating forest biophysical parameters, which dates back to the early 1980s, we may consider lidar an established remote sensing technology for characterizing forest canopy structure and estimating forest biophysical parameters. Randy Wynne, a professor at Virginia Tech and the final keynote speaker at Silvilaser 2009, made the case that it was time to push 30 years of research into operations, along the lines of what has already been done to good effect in the Scandinavian countries. In Randy s words, it s time to "Just do it!" This special issue includes a selection of papers presented during the 2009 Silvilaser conference, which consisted of eight sections as follows: (1) biomass and carbon stock estimates, (2) tree species and forest type classification, (3) data fusion and integration, (4, 5, and 6) forest inventory, (7) silvicultural and ecological applications, and (8) terrestrial lidar applications. Within the constraint limiting the number of papers that could be fitted into the special issue we attempted to select those papers that best represented these conference topics and sections, giving special consideration to studies using forestry lidar data collected from each of the three platforms -- terrestrial, airborne, and spaceborne. Reflecting the international participation and reach of the conference, the studies presented here took place in the USA, Canada, Taiwan, the UK, and China.

Popescu, Sorin C.↗