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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,405 records · Page 78
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Quantitative infrared spectroscopy of aerosols: Mie theory modeling with experimental validation

Infrared spectroscopy is a well-established method for identifying solid, liquid, and gas-phase chemicals. Accurate infrared spectroscopic analysis requires reference libraries where library endmembers reflect all optical phenomena contributing to the observed spectra. Traditional spectral libraries most often contain molecular-based absorption spectra, but these do not account for the complex scattering effects that become significant when measuring aerosols. In this work, we combine the laboratory-derived, wavelength-dependent complex optical vectors ( n / k ) of liquid dioctyl sebacate (DOS) with Mie scattering theory and the Beer–Lambert law to generate synthetic infrared transmission spectra of aerosolized DOS. Additionally, we record experimental infrared transmission spectra using an FTIR spectrometer coupled to a simple aerosol chamber filled with a quantified number size distribution of aerosolized DOS. The modeled and measured spectra show strong agreement, with Mie scattering effects clearly altering the overall spectral shape as well as the positions and profiles of absorption features. The results demonstrate that synthetic spectra generated from n / k values can reliably capture aerosol-specific spectral behavior and thus serve as a foundation for building scalable, physics-based aerosol reference libraries to enable infrared spectroscopic detection of aerosols.

Salcido, Jessica M. O. [Pacific Northwest National↗
DOE OSTI2025

Utilization of traceable standards to validate plutonium isotopic purification and separation of plutonium progeny using AG MP-1M resin for nuclear forensic investigations

Radio-chronometric studies on plutonium (Pu) materials require independent measurement of the Pu (parent) content and isotopic distribution as well as concentration and isotopic distribution of the plutonium isotopic decay products. We performed a series of experiments to demonstrate the consistency of separations using the Lewatit MP 800 macroporous anion exchange resin and the AG MP-1M resin with traceable Pu isotopic certified reference material (CRM) standards 136, 137, 138, and 126-A. Two different mesh-sizes of the AG MP-1M resin were tested and the 50–100 mesh size resin was found to work more efficiently for the separation task. Both Lewatit and AG MP-1M resins were found to perform satisfactorily for quantitatively extracting the americium (Am) and uranium (U) progeny as well as gallium (Ga) present as a tracer in the Pu material. Both resins were effective in removing isobaric interferences from the Pu fraction used in isotopic measurements by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). To address the co-elution of uranium and gallium, Alizarin red S (ARS) was used as a colorimetric dye to determine the behavior of UO 2 2+ and Ga 3+ on AG MP-1M resin with various acidic solutions as eluents using UV–vis spectra. Poor resolution of these peaks complicated quantitative analysis by UV–vis spectroscopy, but these results were informative in planning automated separation experiments by HPLC. LA-UR-24-28919.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2022

Validation of the 650 MHz SRF Tuner on the Low and High Beta Cavities for PIP-II at 2 K

The PIP-II linac will include thirty-six B_{G}=0.61 and twenty-four B_{G}=0.92 650 MHz 5 cell elliptical SRF cavities. Each cavity will be equipped with a tuning system consisting of a double lever slow tuner for coarse frequency tuning and a piezoelectric actuator for fine frequency tuning. The same tuner will be used for both the B_{G}=0.61 and B_{G}=0.92 cavities. Results of testing the cavity-tuner system for the B_{G}=0.61 will be presented for the first time.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Validation of the 650 MHz SRF Cavity Tuner for PIP-II at 2 K

The PIP-II linac will include thirty-six β=0.61 and twenty-four β=0.92 650 MHz 5 cell elliptical SRF cavities. Each cavity will be equipped with a tuning system consisting of a double lever slow tuner for coarse frequency tuning and a piezoelectric actuator for fine frequency tuning. One dressed cavity equipped with an SRF tuner has been tested in the horizontal test stand at Fermilab. Results of testing the cavity-tuner system will be presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Utilizing 3D Mechanical Earth Models for Calibration and Validation in a Large-Scale Carbon Capture and Storage Project in North Dakota

Conference paper presented at 17th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-17), Calgary, Alberta, Canada, October 20–24, 2024. Three-dimensional (3D) mechanical earth models (MEMs) are pivotal in assessing geological sites for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage and mitigating potential risks associated with storage and injection. The Energy & Environmental Research Center is exploring innovative carbon storage monitoring techniques at a CO 2 storage site near Beulah, North Dakota. These methods aim to provide lower-impact, faster feedback for commercial carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. The research includes monitoring CO 2 injection using various approaches: 1) an automated, integrated modular monitoring station; 2) time-lapse electromagnetic (EM) field surveys; 3) drone-based surveillance; 4) time-lapse seismic techniques; and 5) advanced wellbore monitoring.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2022

Statistics of Green's functions on a disordered Cayley tree and the validity of forward scattering approximation

The accuracy of the forward scattering approximation for two-point Green's functions of the Anderson localization model on the Cayley tree is studied. A relationship between the moments of the Green's function and the largest eigenvalue of the linearized transfer-matrix equation is proved in the framework of the supersymmetric functional-integral method. The new large-disorder approximation for this eigenvalue is derived and its accuracy is established. Using this approximation the probability distribution of the two-point Green's function is found and compared with that in the forward scattering approximation (FSA). It is shown that FSA overestimates the role of resonances and thus the probability for the Green's function to be significantly larger than its typical value. The error of FSA increases with increasing the distance between points in a two-point Green's function.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Robust Independent Validation of Experiment and Theory: Rivet version 3

First released in 2010, the Rivet library forms an important repository for analysis code, facilitating comparisons between measurements of the final state in particle collisions and theoretical calculations of those final states. We give an overview of Rivet's current design and implementation, its uptake for analysis preservation and physics results, and summarise recent developments including propagation of MC systematic-uncertainty weights, heavy-ion and ep physics, and systems for detector emulation. In addition, we provide a short user guide that supplements and updates the Rivet user manual.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Validating Extreme Scale Resilience with Veracity (Final Project Report)

As semiconductor technology continues to scale to smaller dimensions and as power-consumption of processor chips continues to increase in importance, there is significant uncertainty about the reliability of future large-scale computers. This uncertainty impacts algorithm design and application development, as well as decisions about system operation policy and provisioning decisions. The Veracity endeavored to answer pertinent questions regarding system reliability and resilience with the goal of enabling reliable science on future leadership machines while keeping overprovisioning low.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optical Fiber Sensor Technology Development and Field Validation for Distribution Transformer and Other Grid Asset Health Monitoring

Power transformers are critical pieces of infrastructure in the electric grid that are both extremely expensive and difficult to replace. These transformers often have long lead times for replacement, and failures can create long service disruptions. This project has developed a new suite of sensors designed to give early warning of the impending failure of these important power transformers before it is too late and a major failure occurs. By using novel fiber optic sensors instead of conventional existing technologies, we are able to measure transformer characteristics indicative of impending failures in ways that were not previously possible. These new optical fiber-based sensors are completely immune to the strong magnetic fields present in power transformers, as well as being capable of using distributed measurement techniques. Distributed measurement techniques enable the fiber to return information all along its length as opposed to only collecting data at a single point; as would a thermocouple or standard pressure sensor.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗