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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,405 records · Page 78
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Genome-Scale, Constraint-Based Modeling of Nitrogen Oxide Fluxes during Coculture of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi

Nitrification, the aerobic oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, emits nitrogen (N) oxide gases (NO, NO 2 , and N 2 O), which are potentially hazardous compounds that contribute to global warming. To better understand the dynamics of nitrification-derived N oxide production, we conducted culturing experiments and used an integrative genome-scale, constraint-based approach to model N oxide gas sources and sinks during complete nitrification in an aerobic coculture of two model nitrifying bacteria, the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea and the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrobacter winogradskyi. The model includes biotic genome-scale metabolic models (iFC578 and iFC579) for each nitrifier and abiotic N oxide reactions. Modeling suggested both biotic and abiotic reactions are important sources and sinks of N oxides, particularly under microaerobic conditions predicted to occur in coculture. In particular, integrative modeling suggested that previous models might have underestimated gross NO production during nitrification due to not taking into account its rapid oxidation in both aqueous and gas phases. The integrative model may be found at https://github.com/chaplenf/microBiome-v2.1.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Measurements of the associated production of a Z boson and b jets in pp collisions at ${\sqrt{s}} = 8\,\text {TeV} $

Measurements of the associated production of a Z boson with at least one jet originating from a b quark in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV are presented. Differential cross sections are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 inverse femtobarns. Z bosons are reconstructed through their decays to electrons and muons. Cross sections are measured as a function of observables characterizing the kinematics of the b jet and the Z boson. Ratios of differential cross sections for the associated production with at least one b jet to the associated production with any jet are also presented. The production of a Z boson with two b jets is investigated, and differential cross sections are measured for the dijet system. Results are compared to theoretical predictions, testing two different flavour schemes for the choice of initial-state partons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Measurement of exclusive $\Upsilon$ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV

The exclusive photoproduction of $\mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} $ meson states from protons, $\gamma \mathrm {p} \rightarrow \mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} \,\mathrm {p}$ (with $\mathrm {n}=1,2,3$ ), is studied in ultraperipheral $\mathrm {p}$ Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}} = 5.02\,\text {TeV} $ . The measurement is performed using the $\mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$ decay mode, with data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 32.6 $\,\text {nb}^{-1}$ . Differential cross sections as functions of the $\mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} $ transverse momentum squared $p_{\mathrm {T}} ^2$ , and rapidity y, are presented. The $\mathrm {\Upsilon (1S)}$ photoproduction cross section is extracted in the rapidity range $|y |< 2.2$ , which corresponds to photon–proton centre-of-mass energies in the range $91

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measurement of the branching fraction of the ${{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-} $ decay

A branching fraction measurement of the \({{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-} \) decay is presented using proton–proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of \(5.0\,\text {fb} ^{-1} \) . The branching fraction is found to be \({\mathcal {B}} ({{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-} ) =(19.4 \pm \) \(1.8\pm 1.3 \pm 1.2)\times 10^{-6}\) , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the uncertainty on the \({{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^-} {{\pi } ^+} \) , \({{D} ^+_{s}} {\rightarrow }{{K} ^+} {{K} ^-} {{\pi } ^+} \) and \({{D} ^-} {\rightarrow }{{K} ^+} {{\pi } ^-} {{\pi } ^-} \) branching fractions. This is the most precise single measurement of this quantity to date. As this decay proceeds through a single amplitude involving a \(b{\rightarrow }u\) charged-current transition, the result provides information on non-factorisable strong interaction effects and the magnitude of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix element \(V_{ub}\) . Additionally, the collision energy dependence of the hadronisation-fraction ratio \(f_s/f_d\) is measured through \({{\overline{B}} {}^0_{s}} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-} \) and \({{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^-} {{\pi } ^+} \) decays.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

PNNL-Predictive-Phenomics/ProteoMeter

ProteoMeter is a Python package that assists in the statistical analysis of global proteomics, protein post-translation modification (PTM), and limited proteolysis (LiP) data. It contains batch correction, normalization, and statistical testing methods, as well as functions that "roll up" peptide-level data to the single-site level. It has a robust user configuration system, allowing it to flexibly integrate different types of experiment designs. For basic usage, a simple configuration file provides the essential functionality. Advanced users have access to the entire statistical pipeline for fine-tuning analyses. Processed data is easily exported to many common spreadsheet and data-frame formats.

Rozum, Jordan [Pacific Northwest National Lab]↗
DOE OSTI2024

Undulator radiation of single electrons: coherence length and quantum-optical properties

The aims of the CLARA experiment at the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) were to directly measure the coherence length of undulator radiation emitted by a single electron and to test whether the radiation is in a pure classical Glauber coherent state or in a quantum mixture of coherent and Fock states. We used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to study visible radiation generated by 150-MeV electrons circulating in the ring. The relative delay between the two arms of the MZI was adjusted by varying the length of one of them with a resolution of 10 nm. The intensity of the circulating beam spanned several orders of magnitude, down to single electrons. A pair of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was placed at the output of the MZI arms to detect photocounts with high efficiency and timing resolution. We describe the observed interference patterns and photocount rates as a function of interferometer delay and discuss their implications.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

In vivo Mammalian Tissue Response to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation: The Role of Endogenous Oxidative Metabolism and Intercellular Communication

The objective of the project was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of low dose/low dose rate ionizing radiation in organs/tissues of irradiated mice that differ in their susceptibility to ionizing radiation, and in human cells grown under conditions that mimic the natural in vivo environment. The focus was on the effects of sparsely ionizing cesium-137 γ rays and the role of oxidative metabolism and intercellular communication in these effects. Four Specific Aims were proposed. The integrated outcome of the experiments performed to investigate these aims has been significant towards developing a scientific basis to more accurately estimate human health risks from exposures to low doses ionizing radiation. By understanding the biochemical and molecular changes induced by low dose radiation, several novel markers associated with mitochondrial functions were identified, which has opened new avenues to investigate metabolic processes that may be affected by such exposure. In particular, a sensitive biomarker that is differentially modulated by low and high dose γ rays was discovered.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2020

FY20 Progress Report on FIPD Development and User Support

The DOE Advanced Reactor Technologies program has supported efforts to recover and preserve metallic fuel data generated throughout the past fast reactor R&D programs. Those efforts have focused on establishing databases for information from the experiments conducted during the Integral Fast Reactor program including data generated at EBR-II, FFTF, and TREAT reactors, as well as out of pile transient testing data. These databases are essential for future-licensing activities of metallic fuel based advanced fast reactors. This report describes the EBR-II Fuels Irradiation & Physics Database (FIPD) development, content updates, and user support during the current fiscal year (FY20). Future plans are also provided.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Fast Reactor Database Utilization for Qualification of Metallic Fuel Forms

The DOE Advanced Reactor Technologies program has supported efforts to recover and preserve metallic fuel data generated throughout the past fast reactor R&D programs. Those efforts are currently focused on establishing databases for information from the experiments conducted during the Integral Fast Reactor program including data generated at EBR-II, FFTF, and TREAT reactors, as well as out of pile transient testing data. These databases are essential for future licensing activities of metallic fuel based advanced fast reactors. This report describes the EBR-II Fuels Irradiation & Physics Database (FIPD) development, content updates, data qualification status, and user support. Future plans are also provided.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Universality of Collective Density Fluctuations in Liquids at and away from Equilibrium – An Integrated Neutron Scattering, Theoretical, and Computational Study (Final Technical Report)

Liquids, ubiquitous on earth, are prototypical disordered condensed matter. As the mediate phase between non-structured gases and ordered solids, liquids p ossess intriguing complexities that are absent on either extreme counter phase, especially when they are driven away from equilibrium. Despite decades of studies, the physics of liquids still keeps surprising us and challenges our understanding of condensed matter, emergent phenomena, and complex systems. Among the many interesting properties, the nature of collective dynamics in liquids remains elusive because of both the presence of strong interactions and the absence of translational invariance. This project studied the universal features of collective density fluctuations (or collective modes), which include both phonon-like excitations and collective relaxations, in the Q-dependent generalized hydrodynamic regime in liquids and liquid-like matter both at and away from equilibrium. We performed systematic studies of the fast collective dynamics (including both phonon-like excitations and collective relaxations) of four classes of liquids characterized by different fragilities and interactions using synergistically integrated coherent neutron scattering experiments (Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS), Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS), and Neutron Spin Echo (NSE)), a ViscoElastic Hydrodynamics theory we have been developing, andMolecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and our analysis package LiquidLib. The transformative knowledge of the collective dynamics in liquids is important to understand and ultimately control the transport of mass, energy, and charge in liquids, both at and away from thermal equilibrium, which may will likely impact a wide range of disciplines.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multimodal Chemical Characterization of Brown Carbon in Atmosphere and Snowpack during SAIL Field Campaign Report

The main goal of this field project was to characterize the chemical and physical properties of light-absorbing particles (LAP) present in the atmosphere and snowpack. The specific field efforts included: 1) online measurement and sampling of light-absorbing particles using a Magee Scientific model AE33 aethalometer (AE33) and a time-resolved aerosol collector (TRAC); and 2) sampling of snowpack during observed events of LAP deposition on snow, confirmed by onsite U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility measurements and meteorological data. The ongoing research objectives of our follow-up sample and data analysis include: 1) Characterization of aerosol regimes and sources, identifying particle-type populations, mixing states, and atmospheric transformations based on correlative analysis of our detailed chemical imaging and chemical characterization measurements and real-time records from the second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) and other instruments available from the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) experiment; 2) Assessment of the optical and chemical properties of snowpack deposits to investigate how aerosol deposition influences snowpack lifetime.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Undulator Radiation of Single Electrons: Coherence Length and Quantum-Optical Properties

The aims of the CLARA experiment at the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) were to directly measure the coherence length of undulator radiation emitted by a single electron and to test whether the radiation is in a pure classical Glauber coherent state or in a quantum mixture of coherent and Fock states. We used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to study visible radiation generated by 150-MeV electrons circulating in the ring. The relative delay between the two arms of the MZI was adjusted by varying the length of one of them with a resolution of 10 nm. The intensity of the circulating beam spanned several orders of magnitude, down to single electrons. A pair of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was placed at the output of the MZI arms to detect photocounts with high efficiency and timing resolution. We describe the observed interference patterns and photocount rates as a function of interferometer delay and discuss their implications.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mono-Ether and Alcohol Bioblendstocks to Reduce the Fuel Penalty of Mixing Controlled Compression Ignition (MCCI) Engine Aftertreatment

An integrated approach utilizing catalysis experiments, process systems engineering, fuel property modeling, and engine testing was utilized in this project to optimize the production process and composition of a #2 diesel bioblendstock produced from ethanol consisting primarily of long-chain mono-ethers. The primary objective of the project was to determine the composition and to design the production process for a bioblendstock for #2 diesel fuel with > 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions relative to conventional diesel fuel. The desired bioblendstock needed to be blendable with #2 diesel fuel at > 5 vol. % while still meeting ASTM D975 diesel fuel specification properties and achieving improvements in fuel properties: increased cetane number, decreased sooting, and reduced pour point and cloud point temperatures. At the same time, it needed to reduce the fuel energy penalty associated with MCCI engine aftertreatment resulting in improved system efficiency. The findings of the current project demonstrate that primary objective of the work has been met, i.e., to determine the composition and to design the production process for a bioblendstock for #2 diesel fuel with > 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions relative to conventional diesel fuel. Additionally, the results indicate that the property objectives (increased cetane number, reduced pour and cloud points, and reduced sooting propensity) for the designed bioblendstock composition have also been met. Engine testing performed has also confirmed that the increased reactivity of the bioblendstock can be used to improve catalyst heating operation and to reduce the fuel penalty associated with this operation mode. The fuel property results demonstrate that >5 vol.% blending is easily achieved while meeting the ASTM D975 #2 diesel fuel property specifications tested in this work, as this was achieved for a blend with 43 vol. % of the bioblendstock. The results provide a foundation for future work to scaleup the catalytic production process designed in this work, with many of the challenges and areas for improvement being identified in this work to enable economic production with low GHG lifecycle emissions.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fuels Irradiation and Physics Database (FIPD) Development and Data Qualification FY24 Updates

The DOE-NE Advanced Reactor Technologies program has supported efforts to recover and preserve metallic fuel data generated throughout the past fast reactor R&D programs. Those efforts are currently focused on establishing databases for information from the experiments conducted during the Integral Fast Reactor program including data generated at EBR-II, FFTF, and TREAT reactors, as well as out of pile transient testing data. These databases are essential for future-licensing activities of metallic fuel based advanced fast reactors. This report describes the Metallic Fuels Irradiation & Physics Database (FIPD) development, content updates, data qualification status, and user support in FY24. Future plans are also provided.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Using probability distribution function as a scaling approach to incorporate soil heterogeneity into biogeochemical models for greenhouse gas predictions (Final Technical Report)

The project investigated biogeochemical processes at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces (TAIs), focusing on soil microsite heterogeneity and its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. Using laboratory experiments, modeling, and data integration, researchers explored redox-driven microbial processes under fluctuating hydrological conditions. Key advancements included modifying the DAMM-GHG model to incorporateelectron acceptor availability and enhancing the AquaMEND model for improved microbial metabolism representation. Results highlighted microsite redox variability as a key driver of GHG fluxes, informing Earth system models. The project fostered interdisciplinary collaborations, student training, and the development of novel modeling frameworks to improve Earth'senergy budget.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

ROADRUNNER MiniFuel Experiment: Readiness for Insertion

The Research On ADvancing the peRformance of UraNium Nitrides in Extreme enviRonments (ROADRUNNER) campaign is a collaborative irradiation experiment designed to evaluate the performance of uranium nitride (UN) fuel fabricated with controlled variations in density and impurity content. Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s MiniFuel irradiation platform and the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) are being used to irradiate six targets containing 36 UN miniature disks. These targets have been assembled to systematically investigate burnup and temperature effects under accelerated irradiation conditions. This report documents the finalized test plan, describes the experiment assembly and subcapsule integration process, and confirms the readiness of all ROADRUNNER targets for HFIR insertion. All targets have passed quality control procedures, and five have begun irradiation. The campaign will provide critical performance data to support fuel model validation and future UN qualification efforts.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗