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At least 1,387 records · Page 77

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1981

Optical fiber interferometer for the study of ultrasonic waves in composite materials

The possibility of acoustic emission detection in composites using embedded optical fibers as sensing elements was investigated. Optical fiber interferometry, fiber acoustic sensitivity, fiber interferometer calibration, and acoustic emission detection are reported. Adhesive bond layer dynamical properties using ultrasonic interface waves, the design and construction of an ultrasonic transducer with a two dimensional Gaussian pressure profile, and the development of an optical differential technique for the measurement of surface acoustic wave particle displacements and propagation direction are also examined.

Claus, R. O.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Micro- and Macro-Fluid Dynamics and Acoustics of Resonant Liners

The objectives of this project are to perform direct numerical simulation of the micro-fluid and acoustic fields of a resonant acoustic liner and to investigate the physical processes by which incident sound waves are damped by the acoustic liner. We would like to report that our research work and results have fulfilled both objectives of the grant. The following is a summary of the important accomplishments: (1) Two dimensional direct numerical simulation of the flow and acoustic field around the cavity of resonant liner were successfully carried out; (2) The simulations of (1) were extended to include a laminar grazing flow; (3) The numerical simulations provided strong evidence that there are two principal mechanisms by which a resonant liner damps out an incident acoustic wave; (4) A validation test was performed by comparing the computed dissipation coefficients (not impedance) with impedance tube measurements done at GTRI; and (5) Some resources of this grant were used to support the development of new CAA methods. (Our work on numerical simulation of acoustic liners has benefited by the availability of these improved methods).

Tam, Christopher K. W.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Global excitation of wave phenomena in a dissipative multiconstituent medium. I - Transfer function of the earth's thermosphere. II - Impulsive perturbations in the earth's thermosphere

A transfer function approach is taken in constructing a spectral model of the acoustic-gravity wave response in a multiconstituent thermosphere. The model is then applied to describing the thermospheric response to various sources around the globe. Zonal spherical harmonics serve to model the horizontal variations in propagating waves which, when integrated with respect to height, generate a transfer function for a vertical source distribution in the thermosphere. Four wave components are characterized as resonance phenomena and are associated with magnetic activity and ionospheric disturbances. The waves are either trapped or propagate, the latter becoming significant when possessing frequencies above 3 cycles/day. The energy input is distributed by thermospheric winds. The disturbances decay slowly, mainly due to heat conduction and diffusion. Gravity waves appear abruptly and are connected to a sudden switching on or off of a source. Turn off of a source coincides with a reversal of the local atmospheric circulation.

Mayr, H. G.↗

NASA NTRS1990

A new, simple electrostatic-acoustic hybrid levitator

Battelle has developed a hybrid levitator by combining the known single-axis acoustic standing wave levitator with a coaxial DC electric field. The resulting Coulomb forces on the charged liquid or solid sample support its weight and, together with the acoustic force, center the sample. Liquid samples with volumes approximately less than 100 micro-liters are deployed from a syringe reservoir into the acoustic pressure node. The sample is charged using a miniature high voltage power supply (approximately less than 20 kV) connected to the syringe needle. As the electric field, generated by a second miniature power supply, is increased, the acoustic intensity is reduced. The combination of both fields allows stable levitation of samples larger than either single technique could position on the ground. Decreasing the acoustic intensity reduces acoustic convection and sample deformation. Neither the electrostatic nor the acoustic field requires sample position sensing or active control. The levitator, now used for static and dynamic fluid physics investigations on the ground, can be easily modified for space operations.

Lierke, E. G.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Acoustic levitation and manipulation for space applications

A wide spectrum of experiments to be performed in space in a microgravity environment require levitation and manipulation of liquid or molten samples. A novel acoustic method has been developed at JPL for controlling liquid samples without physical contacts. This method utilizes the static pressure generated by three orthogonal acoustic standing waves excited within an enclosure. Furthermore, this method will allow the sample to be rotated and/or oscillated by modifying the phase angles and/or the amplitude of the acoustic field. This technique has been proven both in our laboratory and in a microgravity environment provided by KC-135 flights. Samples placed within our chamber driven at (1,0,0), (0,1,0), and (0,0,1), modes were indeed levitated, rotated, and oscillated.

Wang, T. G.↗

NASA NTRS2012

Frequency-Based Spatial Correlation Assessments of the Ares I Subscale Acoustic Model Test Firings

The Marshall Space Flight Center has performed a series of test firings to simulate and understand the acoustic environments generated for the Ares I liftoff profiles. Part of the instrumentation package had special sensor groups to assess the acoustic field spatial correlation features for the various test configurations. The spatial correlation characteristics were evaluated for all of the test firings, inclusive of understanding the diffuse to propagating wave amplitude ratios, the acoustic wave decays, and the incident angle of propagating waves across the sensor groups. These parameters were evaluated across the measured frequency spectra and the associated uncertainties for each parameter were estimated.

Kenny, R. Jeremy↗

NASA NTRS1977

Momentum and energy transport by waves in the solar atmosphere and solar wind

The fluid equations for the solar wind are presented in a form which includes the momentum and energy flux of waves in a general and consistent way. The concept of conservation of wave action is introduced and is used to derive expressions for the wave energy density as a function of heliocentric distance. The explicit form of the terms due to waves in both the momentum and energy equations are given for radially propagating acoustic, Alfven, and fast mode waves. The effect of waves as a source of momentum is explored by examining the critical points of the momentum equation for isothermal spherically symmetric flow. We find that the principal effect of waves on the solutions is to bring the critical point closer to the sun's surface and to increase the Mach number at the critical point. When a simple model of dissipation is included for acoustic waves, in some cases there are multiple critical points.

Jacques, S. A.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Group-kinetic theory and modeling of atmospheric turbulence

A group kinetic method is developed for analyzing eddy transport properties and relaxation to equilibrium. The purpose is to derive the spectral structure of turbulence in incompressible and compressible media. Of particular interest are: direct and inverse cascade, boundary layer turbulence, Rossby wave turbulence, two phase turbulence; compressible turbulence, and soliton turbulence. Soliton turbulence can be found in large scale turbulence, turbulence connected with surface gravity waves and nonlinear propagation of acoustical and optical waves. By letting the pressure gradient represent the elementary interaction among fluid elements and by raising the Navier-Stokes equation to higher dimensionality, the master equation was obtained for the description of the microdynamical state of turbulence.

Tchen, C. M.↗

NASA NTRS1997

In situ wave phenomena in the upstream and downstream regions of interplanetary shocks: Implications for type 2 burst theories

The results are presented of in situ waves observed by the Ulyssess unified radio and plasma wave experiment (URAP) in the upstream and downstream regions of a large number of interplanetary shocks. The Langmuir waves which are the most essential ingredients for the type 2 radio emission are observed only in the upstream regions of a limited number of shocks. On the other hand, the ion-acoustic-like waves (0.5 to 5 kHz) are observed near most of the interplanetary shocks. Implications of observations made for the electron acceleration mechanisms at the collisionless shocks and for type 2 burst theories are presented.

Thejappa, G.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Shear reflectivity compensation in full-waveform inversion using least-squares reverse-time migration

SUMMARY The computational cost of elastic-waveform inversion is too high for inverting PP reflections, while using acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) is inaccurate because it does not depend on the shear modulus/velocity/impedance that affects elastic PP wavefield amplitudes. To solve this problem, we develop a waveform inversion method that uses acoustic least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM) to compensate the shear reflectivity for acoustic FWI. Our method is based on the quasi-elastic-wave equation developed by Chapman et al. (2014). The quasi-elastic-wave equation uses a linearized acoustic-wave equation with shear modulus μ as a virtual source to correct the acoustic PP wavefield amplitudes toward elastic ones. Our waveform inversion method inverts for elastic parameters by minimizing the L2 norm of the difference between recorded and predicted PP reflections modelled using the quasi-elastic-wave equation. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data show that our method can properly handle the amplitudes of elastic PP reflections and provides an accurate estimate of the P- and S-wave velocities/impedances and, in some cases, the density. The method does not need the computationally expensive numerical solution to the elastic-wave equation. It also gives a better estimate of elastic parameters than a pure LSRTM method for elastic PP reflections.

Feng, Zongcai↗

DOE OSTI2021

Non-degenerate parametric mixing and Q-enhancement in ALN Lamb wave resonator

In this Letter, we explore a non-degenerate phase independent parametric quality factor (Q)-enhancement technique for aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave resonators. Unlike other active Q-enhancement techniques which require precise phase control of the electronic feedback loop, this technique is implemented by parametrically pumping AlN material stiffness to realize a negative resistance seen at the signal path. The negative resistance is dependent on the nonlinear material modulation and multi-resonance coupling in the device. A nonlinear circuit model is developed to simulate the parametric coupling of each resonance and extract the nonlinearity of AlN from experimental data. With proper pump frequency and pump power, the device quality factor is boosted in both simulation and experiment. The demonstrated Q-enhancement method is simple to implement and can be applied to other types of resonators that have nonlinear behavior and support multi-resonance operation.

42 ENGINEERING↗

NASA NTRS1983

Acoustic shocks in a variable area duct containing near sonic flows

Acoustic shock waves in a variable area duct which contains near sonic flows are considered. The problem is modeled after an aeroengine inlet. Area variation of a duct and high Mach number mean the flow reduces acoustical energy yielding substantial noise reduction. One possible reason for this is acoustic shock. The use of an explicit accurate numerical method which captures shocks is described. Comparison of the results are made with an existing asymptotic theory for Mach numbers close to unity. When shock occurs reduction of sound pressure levels are shown by example.

Hariharan, S. I.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Acoustic shocks in a variable area duct containing near sonic flows

Hariharan, S. I.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Slow and Fast Light in Plasma Using Optical Wave Mixing

Slow and fast light, or large changes in the group velocity of light, have been observed in a range of optical media, but the fine optical control necessary to induce an observable effect has not been achieved in a plasma. Here, we describe how the ion-acoustic response in a fully ionized plasma can produce large and measurable changes in the group velocity of light. In this work, we show the first experimental demonstration of slow and fast light in a plasma, measuring group velocities between 0.12c and -0.34c.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Demonstration of a third-order hierarchy of topological states in a three-dimensional acoustic metamaterial

Classical wave systems have constituted an excellent platform for emulating complex quantum phenomena, such as demonstrating topological phenomena in photonics and acoustics. Recently, a new class of topological states localized in more than one dimension of a D -dimensional system, referred to as higher-order topological (HOT) states, has been reported, offering an even more versatile platform to confine and control classical radiation and mechanical motion. Here, we design and experimentally study a 3D topological acoustic metamaterial supporting third-order (0D) topological corner states along with second-order (1D) edge states and first-order (2D) surface states within the same topological bandgap, thus establishing a full hierarchy of nontrivial bulk polarization–induced states in three dimensions. The assembled 3D topological metamaterial represents the acoustic analog of a pyrochlore lattice made of interconnected molecules, and is shown to exhibit topological bulk polarization, leading to the emergence of boundary states.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗

DOE OSTI2022

Hybrid simulation of Alfvén wave parametric decay instability in a laboratory relevant plasma

Large-amplitude Alfvén waves are subject to parametric decays, which can have important consequences in space, astrophysical, and fusion plasmas. Although the Alfvén wave parametric decay instability (PDI) was predicted decades ago, observational evidence is limited, stimulating considerable interest in laboratory demonstration of the instability and associated numerical modeling. Here, we report an important step toward direct hybrid simulation of the Alfvén wave PDI in a laboratory plasma, using antenna-like wave injection of a circularly polarized wave and realistic wave-plasma parameters. Considering collisionless damping, we identify the threshold Alfvén wave amplitudes and frequencies required for triggering the instability. These threshold behaviors are corroborated by simple theoretical analysis, considering the balance between PDI growth and ion Landau damping and PDI development in a bounded plasma. Other effects not included in the present model such as finite transverse wave scale and ion–neutral collisions are briefly discussed. These hybrid simulations promise to be a useful tool for investigating laboratory Alfvén wave dynamics and may provide guidance for future laboratory demonstration of the PDI process.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

NASA NTRS1972

Models of gravity wave perturbations of the neutral upper atmosphere of the earth

Observational data from an array of CW Doppler sounding stations were analyzed and traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID's) were identified and analyzed using spectral analysis techniques. Seasonal variations in frequency, direction, and speed of propagation of TID's were found, which could be explained as manifestations of internal acoustic gravity waves, where propagation was influenced by the thermodynamic structure of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

Rao, G. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Stationary electrostatic solitary waves in the auroral plasma

Time-stationary fluid equations are used to describe electrostatic solitons in an auroral plasma of cold ionospheric and hot plasma sheet particles. A one-dimensional fluid analysis of the four component model auroral plasma indicates that at least two different, weakly damped, small amplitude electrostatic solitons can propagate along the geomagnetic field. The slower of the two is a generalization of an ion-acoustic solitary wave in a multi-component plasma, and ion inertia is negligible for the faster mode which is supported by the two electron components and resembles a clump of shielded negative space charge convected by the drifting plasma sheet electrons. Some expected features of the large amplitude properties are indicated qualitatively, and an analogy is considered between the theory of ion-acoustic shocks and a theory of double layers.

Lotko, W.↗