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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,387 records · Page 77
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Bayesian Tensor Decompositions for Scalable Supervised Learning of Scientific Data (Final Report)

In this document we highlight the detailed accomplishments and progress that we have made in this period. This progress seeks to address the three main objectives to provide new algorithms for quantifying uncertainty in low-multilinear-rank models and to leverage them for data analysis. These include: (1) develop probabilistic models for low-multilinear-rank functions; (2) develop a suite of Bayesian learning approaches to learn the probabilistic models from data; (3) apply the techniques on challenging problems arising in DOE-relevant applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scalable Manufacturing of Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Modules

Crystalline-Si (c-Si) technology produces excellent solar cells with conversion efficiencies of up to 26.7%—nearly their practical limit of 27%—and has been commercialized extensively to produce panels below $\$0.40$/W. Techno-economic analysis shows that module efficiency will continue to be a primary cost driver because of high balance-ofsystems costs, and there is no path to higher efficiencies with single-junction silicon cells. In this project, three research teams from University of North Carolina, Arizona State University and National Renewable National Laboratory worked together to develop perovskite-silicon tandem cells with a high throughput process which can handle 5000 wafers per hour, enabled by very low added CAPEX of ~$20k for a doctor-blade coater. This can potentially increase the module efficiency to 30% (with grid) with small increase of cost, which will drive down the cost of silicon modules to be at least 16% cheaper than present silicon PERC modules. We also explored the alternative narrow bandgap perovskites as silicon replacement for all perovskite tandem cells. This project has substantially advanced the progress of solution-process perovskitessilicon tandem solar cells and perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells with many inventions and discoveries, evidenced by 18 publications and 6 invention disclosures. Several notable examples include 1) we developed the new idea of small pyramid in combination with solution grown perovskites and demonstrated record-efficiency of 28.5% for 1 cm2 on textured silicon bottom cells and 25.2% for 24 cm2 on chemically etched silicon bottom cells for perovskite-silicon tandem cells. 2) We developed perovskite ink that can coat perovskites onto texture silicon without voids;, and new device structure to enhance the yield of fabrication by reducing shunting 3) We identified the origin of open circuit voltage on mixed halide wide bandgap perovskites, and came with a solution for this problem, reducing the voltage loss to a record small value, which can potentially push the perovskite-silicon tandem cell efficiency to over 31%; 4) We have developed efficient alternative low bandgap semiconductors, i.e. gradient-doped Sn based perovskites by Ba ions, new oxide hole transport layers which increase the efficiency of perovskite/perovskite tandem cells reached record efficiency of 26.3%; 5) We developed bifacial perovskite/perovskite tandem cells by overcoming contacts issues and regaining light absorption, further boosting the equivalent efficiency to 29.3% under 1 sun illumination with 30% albedo light; 6) We developed the first all perovskite tandem module fabricated in air by discovery a combination of oxidization and reduction couples, yield an aperture efficiency of 21.6% for all perovskite mininodules, exceeding that of single junction perovskite minimodules. These discoveries not only accelerate the commercialization of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells, but also provide guidance in designing other type of perovskite solar cell technologies.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Development of Thin, Robust, Lithium-Impenetrable, HighConductivity, Electrochemically Stable, Scalable, and Low-Cost Glassy Solid Electrolytes for Solid State Lithium Batteries (Final Report)

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) must have thicknesses of < 50 microns in order to be competitive with current state-of-the-art organic liquid electrolyte batteries. Mixed oxy-sulfide-nitride (MOSN) glassy solid electrolytes (GSEs) can be drawn into thin ribbons using the glass redraw process, to form glasses with superior performance in a safe, lower-cost, monolithic glass film. It is expected that these new GSEs in solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) increase the energy density (anode basis) from ~300 mAh/g to ~ 4000 mAh/g. This project is focused on the development of candidate MOS GSE compositions, and optimization of the thin film drawing process to generate thin film glass ribbons for use in SSLBs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Profitability, Scalability and Optimized Siting for Waste-to-Energy Supply Chains: A Case Study on Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Waste-to-Energy (WtE) conversion technologies have the potential to simultaneously reduce waste volumes, treatment-related emissions, and carbon intensity while producing valuable energy services. However, questions remain regarding under which conditions emerging WtE technologies are feasible to deploy. In this project, we develop an optimized siting method for WtE technologies to assess cost-effective WtE processor locations, throughput scales, and profitability. We apply the model using Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) as an example WtE technology. We develop calibrated capital and operating expense cost curves based on literature data to study the techno-economic characteristics of WtE supply chains. Prior to solving the siting optimization, we analyze the model parameters to describe organic waste management system behavior under four different HTL deployment configurations: Co-Processing, where HTL plants send biocrude to existing conventional refineries via assumed pipelines; Co-Location, where biorefineries are co-located with HTL plants; and two alternative Standalone Biorefining cases, where distributed HTL plants transport biocrude intermediate via either assumed pipelines or trucking to centralized biorefineries. We also define and apply several feedstock gate fee calculations, representing different revenue distribution options, to investigate how bioproduct value could impact WtE supply chain economics in terms of waste producer and processor profit or cost reduction.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fundamentals of Scalable Nanoparticle Assembly in Engineering Polymres

Systematically improving the properties of polymer nanocomposites is contingent on effectively controlling nanoparticle (NP) dispersion; further, it is necessary to attain this at scale if these methods are to impact practical applications. While most past work has focused on amorphous polymers, ≈ 70% of all polymers sold annually are semicrystalline. Inspired by this apparent disconnect, our work in the current DOE funded grant and this renewal proposal employs a novel handle, polymer crystallization, to organize NPs into the various amorphous zones of the lamellar semicrystalline morphology (interlamellar, interfibrillar and interspherulitic domains) of stereoregular polymers. We hypothesize that the isothermal crystallization rate of a polymer host, G, and NP diffusivity, are the two relevant control parameters in this context. In the case where the NPs are miscible in the melt, they remain spatially well-dispersed when the polymer is crystallized at a rate that is fast relative to NP diffusion. In contrast, monolayer-thick NP sheets with intersheet spacing of ~10-100nm form in slowly crystallized samples. This sheet stacking is remarkably similar to that seen in natural materials, e.g., Nacre. There is also ordering of the NPs at the larger interfibrillar scale. Importantly, the relative fraction of engulfed, interlamellar and interfibrillar NPs is determined by G. Further, the modulus of these materials can increase by a factor of 2-3 due to the organization state of the NPs, while leaving fracture toughness unaffected. We have established the broad applicability of this approach in two polymers, polyethylene (PE) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO). To achieve this goal we developed a method for grafting long PE chains from NPs with controlled graft density and molecular weight, giving us the ability to tailor their dispersion in the PE melt prior to crystallization. In this renewal proposal, we will develop the fundamental, quantitative understanding that will allow us to independently tailor polymer crystallization rate, NP diffusivity and NP agglomeration state in semicrystalline polymers so as to facilely control NP ordering and hence properties. A program that tightly integrates experiment and theory is proposed, and a key outcome of this research will be a three-dimensional design map for different regimes of NP organization (and hence properties) that can be achieved by polymer crystallization. A second independent outcome is the role of directional solidification and how it competes with the rates of polymer crystallization and NP mobility to affect the organization of the NP.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗