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Consisting of NAND gates, switch can be expanded to multipole input and can switch at frequencies up to 30MHz. Device uses digital integrated circuits to provide isolation between inputs and between input and output ports.
An improved Omega navigation system preamplifier, which provides both ADF and Omega outputs from a single antenna input, is described. This preamp has tuneable bandpass filtering, zero phase shift at both output ports, adjustable gain at the Omega output, and it receives power via the coaxial cable to the receiver front-end.
Electric field emissions at frequencies of (n + 1/2) times the electron cyclotron frequency have been generated in a large-scale electron beam experiment in a vacuum facility. These emissions arise when a contrastreaming beam configuration exists, the primary beam consisting of monoenergetic electrons (50 eV to 5 keV) and the other beam of lower-energy backscattered secondary electrons. It is suggested that the same mechanism could also be the source of the observed 3/2 times the electron cyclotron frequency emissions at auroral latitudes. In the absence of the beam-beam instability, weak oscillations were observed at the plasma frequency. In the latter case no significant modifications of the primary beam velocity distribution occurred, and the beam configuration is adequately described by single-particle motion in the ambient magnetic field.
Use of two separate sensing antennas averts error due to reading of null caused by resonance.
The economic feasibility of eliminating the 400-Hz motor-generator sets used to provide power to the high-voltage power supplies of the 20-kW transmitters and replace them with a 60-Hz high-voltage power supply was investigated. The efficiency of a power supply that runs from the 60-Hz line directly would pay for itself in about seven years and could be designed so that the transmitter would meet all the incidental phase and amplitude modulation specifications.
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Switch designed for vacuum environments can handle 5 kilowatts of microwave power. Arcing between conductors is prevented by filling gaps with Teflon rather than with inert gas as in conventional switches. Thus, switch is not susceptible to gas leakage, problem faced by conventional switches in high-vacuum applications. Compact three-port switch, developed for microwave radar transmitters aboard spacecraft, is operated by depressing spring-mounted insulating pins that can be remotely actuated by relay. When pin is depressed, it routes microwave signals to selected output port.
The receiving element in wireless power transmission systems intercepts the greatest possible portion of the transmitted energy beam. Summing the output energy of all receivers in a planar array makes it possible to determine the location of the center of energy of the incident beam on a receiving array of antenna elements so that the incident beam is in the microwave region.
Laboratory work dealing with the frequency characteristic of the plasma impedance of spherical and cylindrical electrode systems is reported. The influence of the ion sheath on various features of the impedance characteristic is emphasized. Those features are the series and parallel resonance as well as additional resonances due to the excitation of electroacoustic and cyclotron harmonic waves. The dependence of the series and parallel resonances on dc biasing leads to a method of determining the ion sheath capacity for a cylindrical electrode system. The obtained values agree fairly well with those obtained from a theoretical model for the density and potential distribution in the sheath of a cylindrical sensor aligned with a supersonic plasma flow. The amplitude of resonances due to excitation of longitudinal plasma waves (electroacoustic and cyclotron harmonic) is reduced or even vanishes for sufficiently negative dc bias. Positive bias first leads to an increased amplitude up to a certain dc bias value above which, however, the amplitude decreases again due to electron absorption at the sensor surface.
During a static ground test of a full-scale SRM, measurements of attenuation of the UHF 416.5 MHz Range Safety Signal, the VHF voice link (230 MHz), and of S-band (c. 2.2. GHz) communications links were undertaken. Analyses of these results indicate that measurable attenuation did occur at all test frequencies. The measured attenuation levels are compared with a simple model in which the received signal is identified as that diffracted about the edge of the highly absorbing plume and the signal level in the shadow zone is evaluated using the formula for diffraction at a straight edge. The comparison is satisfactory at VHF and UHF frequencies, and slightly less so at S-band. Reasons for the discrepancies found at higher frequencies are discussed. A revised procedure which appears to relieve the accuracy problem was developed. This procedure is discussed along with applications to high altitude SRM plume attenuation.
An S-band radio frequency subsystem is described including two transmitters, two receivers and two antennas. The subsystem is capable of connecting either transmitter or receiver to either antenna while permitting simultaneous operation of a transmitter and a receiver. Circulator switches provide selection of a specific transmitter and receiver for connection to either a high gain or low gain antenna. Transmitter output filters, receiver input filters, and diplexers are combined to prevent radiation or coupling or unwanted transmitter and receiver signals and to provide isolation, permitting simultaneous operation of the transmitter and receiver. The filter elements are designed of constant diameter coaxial elements to meet demanding rejection, loss, power-handling and environmental characteristics.
Radio frequency sputtering was used to deposit refractory carbide, silicide, and boride coatings on 440-C steel substrates. Both sputter etched and pre-oxidized substrates were used and the films were deposited with and without a substrate bias. The composition of the coatings was determined as a function of depth by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with argon ion etching. Friction and wear tests were conducted to evaluate coating adherence. In the interfacial region there was evidence that bias may produce a graded interface for some compounds. Biasing, while generally improving bulk film stoichiometry, can adversely affect adherence by removing interfacial oxide layers. Oxides of all film constituents except carbon and iron were present in all cases but the iron oxide coverage was only complete on the preoxidized substrates. The film and iron oxides were mixed in the MoSi2 and Mo2C films but layered in the Mo2B5 films. In the case of mixed oxides, preoxidation enhanced film adherence. In the layered case it did not.
The application of the oxide aligned transistor technology to develop transistors for use in the GPS is discussed.
The radio frequency sputtering technique was used to deposite a hard refractory, chromium oxide coating on an Inconel X-750 foil 0.1 mm thick. Optimized sputtering parameters for a smooth and adherent coating were found to be as follows: target-to-substrate spacing, 41.3 mm; argon pressure, 5-10 mTorr; total power to the sputtering module, 400 W (voltage at the target, 1600 V), and a water-cooled substrate. The coating on the annealed foil was more adherent than that on the heat-treated foil. Substrate biasing during the sputter deposition of Cr2O3 adversely affected adherence by removing naturally occurring interfacial oxide layers. The deposited coatings were amorphous and oxygen deficient. Since amorphous materials are extremely hard, the structure was considered to be desirable.
Radio frequency assignments within the continental United States in frequency bands between 121 MHz abd 65 GHz were surveyed and analyzed in order to determine current utilization of anticipated frequency bands for the shuttle borne electromagnetic environment experiment. Data from both government and nongovernment files were used. Results are presented in both narrative form and in histograms which show the total number of unclassified assignments versus frequency and total assigned power versus frequency.
A lightning radio emission observation laboratory is described. The signals observed and recorded include HF, VHF and UHF radio emissions, optical signature, electric field measurements, and thunder. The objectives of the station, the equipment used, and the recording methods are discussed.
Standard IC chips and digitally tuned oscillator combined. Circuit consists of PROM-based microprogramed control sequencer, which drives group of diode switches to select one of eight tuning capacitors in L-C oscillator. Circuit originally designed to "dither" transmitter frequency of K-band radar at high rates finds application in other areas, as automated test equipment or computer-controlled receiver tuning.
Surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) resonators used as frequency-determining elements in radio-frequency oscillators circuits. Oscillators are frequencymodulated, phase-modulated, or pulse-modulated. SAW resonators are especially applicable to low-power subminiature applications, such as biotelemetry and wind-tunnel instrumentation, where they advantageously replace crystals. Resonators are smaller than crystals and very thin--advantage where small package size is important.