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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,387 records · Page 77
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

Dynamics Explorer 1, retarding ion mass spectrometer summary spectrograms-82/110 to 82/229 spin-time spectrograms for H(+), He(+), O(+), N(+), O(++), M/Z = 2, and molecular ions

The retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) experiment onboard the Dynamics Explorer 1 (DE 1) satellite was designed to perform energy and mass-per-charge analysis on low-energy ions (less than 50 eV) with mass/charge ratios ranging from 1 to 40 amu/Z. The DE 1 satellite, carrying the RIMS experiment, was launched into an elliptical polar orbit on August 3, 1981. The approximately 7.5 hour orbit has perigee of 675 km altitude and apogee of 24,875 km altitude. this document and those that following in this series, contains summary RIMS data spectrograms for each orbit for which RIMS data are available. The RIMS instrument began returning science data on day 280 of 1981 and continued to return usable data until the end of the DE mission in March 1991. It should be noted that studies of the RIMS data set should be conducted only with a thorough awareness of the material described in the introduction section presented here, or in collaboration with a scientist familiar with RIMS data analysis.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

Dynamics Explorer 1, retarding ion mass spectrometer summary spectrograms-82/230 to 82/265 spin-time spectrograms for H(+), He(+), O(+), N(+), O(++), M/Z = 2, and molecular ions

The retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) experiment onboard the Dynamics Explorer 1 (DE 1) satellite was designed to perform energy and mass-per-charge analysis on low-energy ions (less than 50 eV) with mass/charge ratios ranging from 1 to 40 amu/Z. the DE 1 satellite, carrying the RIMS experiment, was launched into an elliptical polar orbit on August 3, 1981. The approximately 7.5 hour orbit has perigee of 675 km altitude and apogee of 24,875 km altitude. This document and those that follow in this series, contain summary RIMS data spectrograms for each orbit for which RIMS data are available. The RIMS instrument began returning science data on day 280 of 1981 and continued to return usable data until the end of the DE mission in March 1991. It should be noted that studies of the RIMS data set should be conducted only with a thorough awareness of the material described in the introduction section presented here, or in collaboration with a scientist familiar with RIMS data analysis.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

Below-cutoff ions in the heavy ions in space experiment

In January 1990, the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) spacecraft was retrieved after nearly 6 years in space in a 28.4 deg orbit at a mean altitude of 476 km. Onboard LDEF was NRL's Heavy Ions In Space (HIIS) experiment, comprising large thick stacks of plastic track detectors with a total collecting power of 2.0 sq m-sr. We report preliminary results on the observation of stopping Fe-group ions at energies far below the geomagnetic cutoff for fully-ionized galactic cosmic rays.

Adams, J. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Ion Isotropy and Ion Resonant Waves in the Solar Wind: Cassini Observations

Electric fields in the solar wind, in the range of one Hertz, are reported for the first time from a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft. The measurements are made with the Radio and Plasma Wave System (RPWS) experiment on the Cassini spacecraft. Kellogg suggested that such waves could be important in maintaining the near-isotropy of solar wind ions and the validity of MHD for the description of the solar wind. The amplitudes found are larger than those estimated by Kellogg from other measurements, and are due to quasi-electrostatic waves. These amplitudes are quite sufficient to maintain isotropy of the solar wind ions.

Kellogg, Paul J.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Lithium Ion Electrolytes and Lithium Ion Cells With Good Low Temperature Performance

There is provided in one embodiment of the invention an electrolyte for use in a lithium ion electrochemical cell. The electrolyte comprises a mixture of an ethylene carbonate (EC), an ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), an ester cosolvent, and a lithium salt. The ester cosolvent comprises methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl butyrate (EB), propyl butyrate (PB), or butyl butyrate (BB). The electrochemical cell operates in a temperature range of from about -60 C to about 60 C. In another embodiment there is provided a lithium ion electrochemical cell using the electrolyte of the invention.

Smart, Marshall C.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Ion manipulation device to prevent loss of ions

An ion manipulation method and device to prevent loss of ions is disclosed. The device includes a pair of surfaces. An inner array of electrodes is coupled to the surfaces. A RF voltage and a DC voltage are alternately applied to the inner array of electrodes. The applied RF voltage is alternately positive and negative so that immediately adjacent or nearest neighbor RF applied electrodes are supplied with RF signals that are approximately 180 degrees out of phase.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Ion conducting polymers and polymer blends for alkali metal ion batteries

Electrolyte compositions for batteries such as lithium ion and lithium air batteries are described. In some embodiments the compositions are liquid compositions comprising (a) a homogeneous solvent system, said solvent system comprising a perfluropolyether (PFPE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO); and (b) an alkali metal salt dissolved in said solvent system. In other embodiments the compositions are solid electrolyte compositions comprising: (a) a solid polymer, said polymer comprising a crosslinked product of a crosslinkable perfluropolyether (PFPE) and a crosslinkable polyethylene oxide (PEO); and (b) an alkali metal ion salt dissolved in said polymer. Batteries containing such compositions as electrolytes are also described.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Broad Applicability of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to the Measurement of Oxygen Nonstoichiometry in Mixed Ion and Electron Conductors

Oxygen non-stoichiometry is a fundamental feature of mixed ion and electron conductors (MIECs). In this work a general electrochemical method for determining non-stoichiometry in thin film MIECs, via measurement of the chemical capacitance, is demonstrated using ceria and ceria-zirconia (Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2-δ ) as representative materials. A.C. impedance data are collected from both materials at high temperature (750-900 °C) under reducing conditions with oxygen partial pressure (pO 2 ) in the range 10-13 to 10-20 atm. Additional measurements of ceria-zirconia films are made under relatively oxidizing conditions with pO 2 in the range 0.2 to 10 -4 atm and temperatures of 800-900 °C. Under reducing conditions, the impedance spectra are described by a simple circuit in which a resistor is in series with a resistor and capacitor in parallel, and thickness dependent measurements are used to resolve the capacitance into interfacial and chemical terms. Under more oxidizing conditions, the impedance spectra (of Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2-δ ) reveal an additional diffusional feature, which enables determination of the ionic resistance of the film in addition to the capacitance, and hence the transport properties. A generalized mathematical formalism is presented for recovering the non-stoichiometry from the chemical capacitance, without recourse to defect chemical models. The ceria non-stoichiometry values are in good agreement with literature values determined by thermogravimetric measurements but display considerably less scatter and are collected on considerably shorter timescales. Here, the thermodynamic analysis of Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2-δ corroborates earlier findings that introduction of Zr into ceria enhances its reducibility.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2012

Optical doping of Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N compounds by ion implantation of Tm ions

Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N (0 axis for samples with AlN contents of 0.15 and 0.77 suggest a relation between the AlN content and Tm specific sites in the lattice. Rapid thermal annealing treatments under N{sub 2} ambient were performed to remove damage and promote optical activation of rare earth intra-4f{sup n} transitions. After annealing the observed intraionic emissions of Tm{sup 3+} ions were characterized by photoluminescence.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Incoherent twin boundary migration induced by ion irradiation in Cu

Grain boundaries can act as sinks for radiation-induced point defects. The sink capability is dependent on the atomic structures and varies with the type of point defects. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we observed that {Sigma}3{l_brace}112{r_brace} incoherent twin boundary (ITB) in Cu films migrates under Cu{sup 3+} ion irradiation. Using atomistic modeling, we found that {Sigma}3{l_brace}112{r_brace} ITB has the preferred sites for adsorbing interstitials and the preferential diffusion channels along the Shockley partial dislocations. Coupling with the high mobility of grain boundary Shockley dislocations within {Sigma}3{l_brace}112{r_brace} ITB, we infer that {Sigma}3{l_brace}112{r_brace} ITB migrates through the collective glide of grain boundary Shockley dislocations, driven by a concurrent reduction in the density of radiation-induced defects, which is demonstrated by the distribution of nearby radiation-induced defects.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Selected-ion flow tube temperature-dependent measurements for the reactions of O{sub 2}{sup +} with N atoms and N{sub 2}{sup +} with O atoms

The temperature variation of rate constants has been measured for the gas phase reactions of the oxycation O{sub 2}{sup +} with N atoms and of N{sub 2}{sup +} with O atoms from 120 to 400 K using a variable temperature-selected ion flow tube. Measured room temperature rate constants, 0.75 × 10{sup −10} cm{sup 3} s{sup −1} (±30%) for O{sub 2}{sup +} with N and 1.4 × 10{sup −10} cm{sup 3} s{sup −1} (±30%) for N{sub 2}{sup +} with O, are in agreement with previously reported values. A temperature dependence of T{sup −0.7(±0.3)} is observed for the O{sub 2}{sup +} + N reaction; however, the N{sub 2}{sup +} + O reaction is found to be independent of temperature. Calculations at varying levels of theory were used in tandem with experiments to evaluate likely pathways in potential energy surfaces for the reactions of concern.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Shear-flow trapped-ion-mode interaction revisited. I. Influence of low-frequency zonal flow on ion-temperature-gradient driven turbulence

Collisionless trapped ion modes (CTIMs) turbulence exhibits a rich variety of zonal flow physics. The coupling of CTIMs with shear flow driven by the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability has been investigated. The work explores the parametric excitation of zonal flow modified by wave-particle interactions leading to a new type of resonant low-frequency zonal flow. The KH-CTIM interaction on zonal flow growth and its feedback on turbulence is investigated using semi-Lagrangian gyrokinetic Vlasov simulations based on a Hamiltonian reduction technique, where both fast scales (cyclotron plus bounce motions) are gyro-averaged.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectrometry of the Rutherford backscattering of ions and the Raman scattering of light in GaS single crystals irradiated with 140-keV H{sub 2}{sup +} ions

The methods of the Raman scattering of light and Rutherford backscattering are used to study the degree of structural disorder in layered GaS crystals before and after irradiation with 140-keV H{sub 2}{sup +} ions. It is shown that the distribution of the crystal’s components over depth is homogeneous; for doses as high as 5 × 10{sup 15} cm{sup −2}, the stoichiometric composition of the compound’s components is retained. The experimental value of the critical dose for the beginning of amorphization amounts to about 5 × 10{sup 15} cm{sup −2} and is in accordance with the calculated value. The results obtained by the method of the Raman scattering of light confirm conservation of crystalline structure and the start of the amorphization process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Layer-by-layer composition and structure of silicon subjected to combined gallium and nitrogen ion implantation for the ion synthesis of gallium nitride

The composition and structure of silicon surface layers subjected to combined gallium and nitrogen ion implantation with subsequent annealing have been studied by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering, electron spin resonance, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. A slight redistribution of the implanted atoms before annealing and their substantial migration towards the surface during annealing depending on the sequence of implantations are observed. It is found that about 2% of atoms of the implanted layer are replaced with gallium bonded to nitrogen; however, it is impossible to detect the gallium-nitride phase. At the same time, gallium-enriched inclusions containing ∼25 at % of gallium are detected as candidates for the further synthesis of gallium-nitride inclusions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

3D Graphitic Foams Derived from Chloroaluminate Anion Intercalation for Ultrafast Aluminum-Ion Battery

We present that a 3D graphitic foam vertically aligned graphitic structure and a low density of defects is derived through chloroaluminate anion intercalation of graphite followed by thermal expansion and electrochemical hydrogen evolution. Such aligned graphitic structure affords excellent Al-ion battery characteristics with a discharge capacity of ≈60 mA h g -1 under a high charge and discharge current density of 12 000 mA g -1 over ≈4000 cycles.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Structural Study of Analogues of Titan’s Haze by Trapped Ion Mobility Coupled with a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometer

The aerosols present in the atmosphere of the Saturn’s moon Titan are of particular planetary science interest and several spacecraft missions are already allowed to gather spectroscopic data. Titan haze’s analogs, so-called tholins, were produced on earth to push forward the comprehension of their formation and properties. In this study, this highly complex mixture was analyzed here for the first time by trapped ion mobility spectrometry coupled to ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FTICR MS). Electrospray ionization revealed the characteristic CHN{sub x}-class components, with CHN{sub 5–6} and DBE 6–7 most abundant. Deploying specialized visualization, enabled by accurate mass measurements and elemental composition assignments, the adapted Kendrick mass defect analysis highlights the C{sub 2}H{sub 3}N homolog series, whereas the nitrogen-modified van Krevelen diagram exhibits a clear trend towards H/C 1.5 and N/C 0.5. More interestingly, the representation of m/z versus collision cross section (CCS) allowed hypothesizing a ramified N-PAH structural motif. State-of-the-art IMS is currently not able to resolve the isomeric continuum of ultra-complex mixtures; thus, peak parameters other than the CCS value are explored. As such, analyzing the mobility peak width versus m/z shows a linear increase in isomeric diversity between m/z 170 and 350 and a near plateau in diversity at higher m/z for the N-PAH-like structure. Due to the high complexity of the sample, these structural insights are only to be revealed by TIMS-FTICR MS. .

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗