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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,387 records · Page 77
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Electric field induced lattice strain in pseudocubic Bi(Mg{sub 1/2}Ti{sub 1/2})O{sub 3}-modified BaTiO{sub 3}-BiFeO{sub 3} piezoelectric ceramics

Contributions to the piezoelectric response in pseudocubic 0.3BaTiO{sub 3}-0.1Bi(Mg{sub 1/2}Ti{sub 1/2})O{sub 3}-0.6BiFeO{sub 3} ceramics were investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction under electric fields. All of the lattice strain determined from the 110, 111, and 200 pseudocubic diffraction peaks showed similar lattice strain hysteresis that was comparable to the bulk butterfly-like strain curve. It was suggested that the hysteresis of the lattice strain and the lack of anisotropy were related to the complex domain structure and the phase boundary composition.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Refurbishment of radiation-damaged undulators

Partial radiation damage has been observed over the previous five years of operation for a few of the PETRA III permanent magnet undulators at DESY. The degradation of the affected devices has been observed by a change in the energy tuning curves and the spectral properties of the undulator harmonics, and also by direct measurements of the peak field distribution of the magnet structure in the storage ring tunnel [1]. During the recent shutdown of the machine, two undulators were removed from the tunnel for repair. One of the devices (U29) has been retuned after flipping of all magnets of the hybrid structure. In addition to this temporary repair, one further magnet structure (U23) has been completely disassembled and refurbished by application of a rare earth diffusion process and a coating to the permanent magnets. We will report on the details of the refurbishment of these undulators which were both fully brought back to specifications and are meanwhile back in operation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Operando X-ray diffraction analysis for a glyme-based Li-O{sub 2} battery

We investigated the effect of the carbon species in the air (oxygen) electrode, electrolyte concentration, and humidity in the supplied O{sub 2} gas on the Li-O{sub 2} reactions by using the operando XRD analysis. Regarding carbon species, we found that the over-potentials in the galvanostatic discharge-charge process were suppressed when using the KB carbon in the air electrode. The results of operando XRD measurements revealed that the Li{sub 2}O{sub 2} formed on the KB had the smaller crystalline or more amorphous like structures, which could be one reason for faster reaction kinetics of Li{sub 2}O{sub 2} dissolution. The discharge-charge curves of the cells with different concentration of LiTFSI/(G4){sub n} electrolyte showed the slight difference but less differences in the Li{sub 2}O{sub 2} formation and dissolution behaviors. In addition to the nature of Li{sub 2}O{sub 2} products, reaction of Li-salts would also have ineligible effects. We also found that the higher humidity in oxygen produced more the LiOH and promoted the Li{sub 2}O{sub 2} dissolution, which indicate that the LiOH formation could affect the Li{sub 2}O{sub 2} morphologies or surface chemistries. Our present results demonstrated that the operando XRD measurement are useful for analyzing the reaction mechanism of Li-O{sub 2} battery.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Strong gravitational lensing as a tool to investigate the structure of jets at high energies

The components of blazar jets that emit radiation span a factor of 10{sup 10} in scale. The spatial structure of these emitting regions depends on the observed energy. Photons emitted at different sites cross the lens plane at different distances from the mass-weighted center of the lens. Thus there are differences in magnification ratios and time delays between the images of lensed blazars observed at different energies. When the lens structure and redshift are known from optical observations, these constraints can elucidate the structure of the source at high energies. At these energies, current technology is inadequate to resolve these sources, and the observed light curve is thus the sum of the images. Durations of γ-ray flares are short compared with typical time delays; thus both the magnification ratio and the time delay can be measured for the delayed counterparts. These measurements are a basis for localizing the emitting region along the jet. To demonstrate the power of strong gravitational lensing, we build a toy model based on the best studied and the nearest relativistic jet M87.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Two-dimensional simulations of pulsational pair-instability supernovae

Massive stars that end their lives with helium cores in the range of 35-65 M {sub ☉} are known to produce repeated thermonuclear outbursts due to a recurring pair-instability. In some of these events, solar masses of material are ejected in repeated outbursts of several × 10{sup 50} erg each. Collisions between these shells can sometimes produce very luminous transients that are visible from the edge of the observable universe. Previous one-dimensional (1D) studies of these events produce thin, high-density shells as one ejection plows into another. Here, in the first multi-dimensional simulations of these collisions, we show that the development of a Rayleigh-Taylor instability truncates the growth of the high-density spike and drives mixing between the shells. The progenitor is a 110 M {sub ☉} solar-metallicity star that was shown in earlier work to produce a superluminous supernova. The light curve of this more realistic model has a peak luminosity and duration that are similar to those of 1D models but a structure that is smoother.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Localizing resonant magnetic perturbations for edge localized mode control in KSTAR

An external 3D magnetic perturbation typically drives a resonant response at the rational surfaces from the core to the edge of tokamak plasmas, due to strong mode coupling and amplification. In this paper, we present a method to isolate the edge from core resonant fields using the ideal perturbed equilibrium code and to design an edge-localized resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) for effective edge localized mode (ELM) control. A robust feature of the edge-localized RMP is the curtailed response to the field at the low-field-side (LFS) midplane, as opposed to typical RMPs which strongly resonate with the LFS fields. This emphasizes the importance of off-midplane coils to improve ELM control without provoking a large core response that could lead to devastating instabilities. The conceptual design of new ELM control coils based on the edge-localized RMP in KSTAR shows how this new insight can be utilized to enhance the efficiency of our ELM suppression capabilities. Simple window-pane coils matching the edge-localized resonant mode structure substantially expand in the ELM suppression window beyond the existing coil. Further optimization using the flexible optimized coils using space-curves code leads to additional enhancement in the edge-localized control.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

PvaPy: Python API for EPICS PV Access

As the number of sites deploying and adopting EPICS Version 4 grows, so does the need to support PV Access from multiple languages. Especially important are the widely used scripting languages that tend to reduce both software development time and the learning curve for new users. In this paper we describe PvaPy, a Python API for the EPICS PV Access protocol and its accompanying structured data API. Rather than implementing the protocol itself in Python, PvaPy wraps the existing EPICS Version 4 C++ libraries using the Boost.Python framework. This approach allows us to benefit from the existing code base and functionality, and to significantly reduce the Python API development effort. PvaPy objects are based on Python dictionaries and provide users with the ability to access even the most complex of PV Data structures in a relatively straightforward way. Its interfaces are easy to use, and include support for advanced EPICS Version 4 features such as implementation of client and server Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).

Veseli, S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Benchmarking Adaptive Variational Quantum Eigensolvers

By design, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) strives to recover the lowest-energy eigenvalue of a given Hamiltonian by preparing quantum states guided by the variational principle. In practice, the prepared quantum state is indirectly assessed by the value of the associated energy. Novel adaptive derivative-assembled pseudo-trotter (ADAPT) ansatz approaches and recent formal advances now establish a clear connection between the theory of quantum chemistry and the quantum state ansatz used to solve the electronic structure problem. Here we benchmark the accuracy of VQE and ADAPT-VQE to calculate the electronic ground states and potential energy curves for a few selected diatomic molecules, namely H 2 , NaH, and KH. Using numerical simulation, we find both methods provide good estimates of the energy and ground state, but only ADAPT-VQE proves to be robust to particularities in optimization methods. Another relevant finding is that gradient-based optimization is overall more economical and delivers superior performance than analogous simulations carried out with gradient-free optimizers. The results also identify small errors in the prepared state fidelity which show an increasing trend with molecular size.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

A harmonized protocol to assess the single-cell performance of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

The harmonization of testing protocols for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers is essential for ensuring accurate and reliable performance assessments and accelerating the development of hydrogen production technologies. This protocol provides a structured approach to PEM electrolyzer setup and testing, incorporating key considerations for test station design and single-cell characterization techniques. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are detailed, along with best practices from academic and industry research groups to enhance data accuracy and comparability. By addressing material variability and harmonizing testing methodologies, this framework enables more precise evaluations of membrane electrode assemblies and electrolyzer components. Harmonized protocols not only streamline development efforts but also foster collaboration across institutions, ultimately supporting the commercialization of hydrogen solutions through improved stack efficiency and durability.

08 HYDROGEN↗
NASA NTRS1973

X-ray pulse profile and celestial position of Hercules X-1.

The celestial position of the binary X-ray source Her X-1 has been measured with a precision of 30 sec and, within the uncertainties, agrees with the position of the optical variable HZ Herculis. An average light curve for the 1.24-sec periodicity has been obtained with about 10-msec resolution. The average pulse is a double-peaked structure which shows significant intensity changes in time scales down to 30 msec.

Doxsey, R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

16-38 micron spectroscopy of NGC 7027

Medium-resolution spectroscopy of the planetary nebula NGC 7027 over the wavelength range from 16 to 38 microns is reported which was performed from NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory. It is found that within the errors, the spectrum is smooth and has the shape of a dilute 130-K blackbody but falls below that curve at the longer wavelengths. The absence of two theoretically predicted features in the 16-40-micron band, a forbidden fine-structure line of O IV at 25.91 microns and a broad emission feature in the 22-35-micron region due to carbonate materials, is discussed; a lower limit of 25,000 per cu cm is placed on the electron density in the ionized region. A simple model involving small graphite grains at a temperature around 90 K is proposed to explain the observed featureless continuum. This model is shown to require a dust mass of about 0.025 solar mass and a gas mass of approximately 1 solar mass, which imply that most of this mass would be associated with the molecular cloud surrounding the ionized region.

Mccarthy, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1978

AAA gunnermodel based on observer theory

The Luenberger observer theory is used to develop a predictive model of a gunner's tracking response in antiaircraft artillery systems. This model is composed of an observer, a feedback controller and a remnant element. An important feature of the model is that the structure is simple, hence a computer simulation requires only a short execution time. A parameter identification program based on the least squares curve fitting method and the Gauss Newton gradient algorithm is developed to determine the parameter values of the gunner model. Thus, a systematic procedure exists for identifying model parameters for a given antiaircraft tracking task. Model predictions of tracking errors are compared with human tracking data obtained from manned simulation experiments. Model predictions are in excellent agreement with the empirical data for several flyby and maneuvering target trajectories.

Kou, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Vortex-dominated flow with viscous core structure

Recent theoretical studies of vortex-dominated flows are reviewed with special emphasis on those for which the viscous core structures play an important role. The problems to be described are: The interaction and merging of two-dimensional vortices and of curved vortex filaments, the roll-up and decay of trailing far wakes, and the initiation of vortex breakdown. The analysis utilizes finite-difference solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations complemented by asymptotic expansion techniques.

Liu, C. H.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Geometry modeling and multi-block grid generation for turbomachinery configurations

An interactive 3D grid generation code, Turbomachinery Interactive Grid genERation (TIGER), was developed for general turbomachinery configurations. TIGER features the automatic generation of multi-block structured grids around multiple blade rows for either internal, external, or internal-external turbomachinery flow fields. Utilization of the Bezier's curves achieves a smooth grid and better orthogonality. TIGER generates the algebraic grid automatically based on geometric information provided by its built-in pseudo-AI algorithm. However, due to the large variation of turbomachinery configurations, this initial grid may not always be as good as desired. TIGER therefore provides graphical user interactions during the process which allow the user to design, modify, as well as manipulate the grid, including the capability of elliptic surface grid generation.

Shih, Ming H.↗
NASA NTRS1994

X-ray emission from 4U 2129+47 (= V1727 Cygni) in quiescence

Observations with the ROSAT HRI allow detection of weak X-ray flux from the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 2129+47 during its current quiescent state. The quiescent luminosity is similar to that seen in several other quiescent LMXBs containing neutron stars. The quiescent X-ray light curve may not show the eclipse seen when the source was in its high state, which would indicate that the enhanced vertical structure present in the disk during the high state has collapsed. This in turn provides support for the idea that the vertical structure in LMXB accretion disks is a consequence of high X-ray luminosity. A comparison of the absorption of low-energy X-rays due to the interstellar medium (determined from Einstein IPC observations) and the optical extinction does not rule out the triple system hypothesis.

Garcia, Michael R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A Preliminary Investigation of the Cr3Si-Mo Pseudo-Binary Phase Diagram

An investigation was undertaken to study the phase relations in Cr3Si alloyed with Mo varying from 10 to 83.5 wt. % of the material. Specimens were prepared from arc-melted buttons that were subsequently heat treated at 1673 K for 200 h and air quenched to room temperature to structures. Alloys containing more than 20 wt. % MO were primarily two-phase materials of M3Si and M5Si3, where M is (Cr,Mo). Three alloys contained less than 5% of a third phase, which also had the M5Si3 crystal structure. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed on several specimens at temperatures up to 2073 K in order to determine a solidus curve for the M3Si phase. Since only one DTA peak was observed in each alloy, the M5Si3 phase must melt above 2073 K, the maximum temperature examined. A preliminary pseudo-binary phase diagram for (Cr,Mo)3Si and a portion of the 1673 K isothermal section of the Cr-Mo-Si ternary phase diagram are presented.

Dickerson, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1998

A Progressive Damage Methodology for Residual Strength Predictions of Notched Composite Panels

The translaminate fracture behavior of carbon/epoxy structural laminates with through-penetration notches was investigated to develop a residual strength prediction methodology for composite structures. An experimental characterization of several composite materials systems revealed a fracture resistance behavior that was very similar to the R-curve behavior exhibited by ductile metals. Fractographic examinations led to the postulate that the damage growth resistance was primarily due to fractured fibers in the principal load-carrying plies being bridged by intact fibers of the adjacent plies. The load transfer associated with this bridging mechanism suggests that a progressive damage analysis methodology will be appropriate for predicting the residual strength of laminates with through-penetration notches. A progressive damage methodology developed by the authors was used to predict the initiation and growth of matrix cracks and fiber fracture. Most of the residual strength predictions for different panel widths, notch lengths, and material systems were within about 10% of the experimental failure loads.

Coats, Timothy W.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Thermographic Imaging of Defects in Anisotropic Composites

Composite materials are of increasing interest to the aerospace industry as a result of their weight versus performance characteristics. One of the disadvantages of composites is the high cost of fabrication and post inspection with conventional ultrasonic scanning systems. The high cost of inspection is driven by the need for scanning systems which can follow large curve surfaces. Additionally, either large water tanks or water squirters are required to couple the ultrasonics into the part. Thermographic techniques offer significant advantages over conventional ultrasonics by not requiring physical coupling between the part and sensor. The thermographic system can easily inspect large curved surface without requiring a surface following scanner. However, implementation of Thermal Nondestructive Evaluations (TNDE) for flaw detection in composite materials and structures requires determining its limit. Advanced algorithms have been developed to enable locating and sizing defects in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Thermal Tomography is a very promising method for visualizing the size and location of defects in materials such as CFRP. However, further investigations are required to determine its capabilities for inspection of thick composites. In present work we have studied influence of the anisotropy on the reconstructed image of a defect generated by an inversion technique. The composite material is considered as homogeneous with macro properties: thermal conductivity K, specific heat c, and density rho. The simulation process involves two sequential steps: solving the three dimensional transient heat diffusion equation for a sample with a defect, then estimating the defect location and size from the surface spatial and temporal thermal distributions (inverse problem), calculated from the simulations.

Plotnikov, Y. A.↗