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At least 1,387 records · Page 77

Single longitudinal mode operation of semiconductor laser arrays with etalon feedback

The multiple longitudinal mode output of high-power diode-laser arrays is converted into single mode with 97 percent efficiency by optical feedback from a thin (less than 200-micron thick) etalon external to the laser. The coupled cavities formed by addition of the etalon favor a single longitudinal mode. Single-mode operation is retained at 0.1 MHz pulsed rates. Both the near-field and the far-field patterns of the laser array remain nearly unchanged while the array operates in a single longitudinal mode.

Hemmati, H.↗

Time evolution of pulsed far-field patterns of GaAlAs phase-locked laser-diode arrays

The time evolution of pulsed far fields from commercially available gain-guided phase-locked arrays has been studied and compared to experimental results previously obtained by streak camera measurements, and to predictions of coupled-mode theories developed for index- and gain-guided arrays. Although phase locking is evident by 100 ps into the drive pulse, stable operation in a fixed superposition of array modes is not achieved until 1-2 ns after the drive pulse has stabilized.

Forrest, Kathrine A.↗

Integrated Arrays Of Infrared Detectors

Report presents overview of technology of integrated arrays of infrared detectors. Covers arrays now available and those under development. Gives examples of astronomical images illustrating potential of infrared arrays for scientific investigations.

Goebel, J. H.↗

Diffraction-Coupled, Phase-Locked Semiconductor Laser Array

Stable, narrow far field produced. Array of lasers fabricated on single chip. Individual laser waveguides isolated from each other except in end portions, where diffraction coupling takes place. Radiation pattern far from laser array has single, sharp central lobe when all lasers operate in phase with each other. Shape of lobe does not vary appreciably with array current. Applications include recording, printing, and range finding.

Katz, Joseph↗

Electricity from photovoltaic solar cells. Flat-Plate Solar Array Project of the US Department of Energy's National Photovoltaics Program: 10 years of progress

The objectives were to develop the flat-plate photovoltaic (PV) array technologies required for large-scale terrestrial use late in the 1980s and in the 1990s; advance crystalline silicon PV technologies; develop the technologies required to convert thin-film PV research results into viable module and array technology; and to stimulate transfer of knowledge of advanced PV materials, solar cells, modules, and arrays to the PV community. Progress reached on attaining these goals, along with future recommendations are discussed.

Christensen, Elmer↗

Visible and infrared linear detector arrays for the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)

The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument uses four separate focal plane assemblies consisting of line array detectors that are multiplexed to a common J-FET preamp using a FET switch multiplexing (MUX) technique. A 32-element silicon line array covers the spectral range from 0.41 to 0.70 microns. Three additional 64-element indium antimonide (InSb) line arrays cover the spectral range from 0.68 to 2.45 microns. The spectral sampling interval per detector element is nominally 9.8 nm, giving a total of 224 spectral channels. All focal planes operate at liquid nitrogen temperature and are housed in separate dewars. Electrical performance characteristics include a read noise of less than 1000 e(-) in all channels, response and dark nonuniformity of 5 percent peak to peak, and quantum efficiency of greater than 60 percent.

Bailey, Gary C.↗

Case study of active array feed compensation with sidelobe control for reflector surface distortion

The feasibility of electromagnetically compensating for reflector surface distortions has been investigated. The performance characteristics (gain, sidelobe levels, etc.) of large communication antenna systems degrade as the reflector surface distorts mainly due to thermal effects from a varying solar flux. The techniques described in this report can be used to maintain the design performance characteristics independently of thermal effects on the reflector surface. With the advent of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC), a greater flexibility in array-fed reflector system design can be achieved. MMIC arrays provide independent control of amplitude and phase for each of many radiating elements of the feed array. It is assumed that the surface characteristics (x,y,z, its first and second derivatives) under distorted conditions are known.

Acosta, R. J.↗

MSAT-X phased array antenna adaptions to airborne applications

The Mobile Satellite Experiment (MSAT-X) phased array antenna is being modified to meet future requirements. The proposed system consists of two high gain antennas mounted on each side of a fuselage, and a low gain antenna mounted on top of the fuselage. Each antenna is an electronically steered phased array based on the design of the MSAT-X antenna. A beamforming network is connected to the array elements via coaxial cables. It is essential that the proposed antenna system be able to provide an adequate communication link over the required space coverage, which is 360 degrees in azimuth and from 20 degrees below the horizon to the zenith in elevation. Alternative design concepts are suggested. Both open loop and closed loop backup capabilities are discussed. Typical antenna performance data are also included.

Sparks, C.↗

A microstrip array feed for MSAT spacecraft reflector antenna

An L-band circularly polarized microstrip array antenna with relatively wide bandwidth has been developed. The array has seven subarrays which form a single cluster as part of a large overlapping cluster reflector feed array. Each of the seven subarrays consists of four uniquely arranged linearly polarized microstrip elements. A 7.5 percent impedance (VSWR less than 1.5) as well as axial ratio (less than 1 dB) bandwidths have been achieved by employing a relatively thick honeycomb substrate with special impedance matching feed probes.

Huang, John↗

Advanced planar array development for space station

The results of the Advanced Planar Array Development for the Space Station contract are presented. The original objectives of the contract were: (1) to develop a process for manufacturing superstrate assemblies, (2) to demonstrate superstrate technology through fabrication and test, (3) to develop and analyze a preliminary solar array wing design, and (4) to fabricate a wing segment based on wing design. The primary tasks completed were designing test modules, fabricating, and testing them. LMSC performed three tasks which included thermal cycle testing for 2000 thermal cycles, thermal balance testing at the Boeing Environmental Test Lab in Kent, Washington, and acceptance testing a 15 ft x 50 in panel segment for 100 thermal cycles. The surperstrate modules performed well during both thermal cycle testing and thermal balance testing. The successful completion of these tests demonstrate the technical feasibility of a solar array power system utilizing superstrate technology. This final report describes the major elements of this contract including the manufacturing process used to fabricate modules, the tests performed, and the results and conclusions of the tests.

Source record↗

Interagency arraying

Activities performed to match ground aperture requirements for the Neptune encounter in August 1989 with the expected capabilities of the JPL Deep Space Network (DSN) are discussed. Ground aperture requirements, DSN capabilities, and the capabilities of other agencies are reviewed. The design and configurations of the receiver subsystem, combiner subsystem, monitor and control subsystem, recording subsystem, and supporting subsystems are described. The implementation of the Very Large Array-Goldstone Telemetry Array is discussed, and the differences involved with the Parkes-Canberra Telemetry Array implementation are highlighted. The operational concept is addressed.

Cox, Henry G.↗

Analysis of modified SMI method for adaptive array weight control

An adaptive array is applied to the problem of receiving a desired signal in the presence of weak interference signals which need to be suppressed. A modification, suggested by Gupta, of the sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm controls the array weights. In the modified SMI algorithm, interference suppression is increased by subtracting a fraction F of the noise power from the diagonal elements of the estimated covariance matrix. Given the true covariance matrix and the desired signal direction, the modified algorithm is shown to maximize a well-defined, intuitive output power ratio criterion. Expressions are derived for the expected value and variance of the array weights and output powers as a function of the fraction F and the number of snapshots used in the covariance matrix estimate. These expressions are compared with computer simulation and good agreement is found. A trade-off is found to exist between the desired level of interference suppression and the number of snapshots required in order to achieve that level with some certainty. The removal of noise eigenvectors from the covariance matrix inverse is also discussed with respect to this application. Finally, the type and severity of errors which occur in the covariance matrix estimate are characterized through simulation.

Dilsavor, R. L.↗

Application of a single area array detector for acquistion, tracking and point-ahead in space optical communications

Functions of acquisition, tracking, and point-ahead in space optical communications are being combined into a single system utilizing an area array detector. An analysis is presented of the feasibility concept. The key parameters are: optical power less than 1 pW at 0.86 micrometer, acquisition in less than 30 seconds in an acquisition field of view (FOV) of 1 mrad, tracking with 0.5 microrad rms noise at 1000 Hz update rate, and point ahead transfer function precision of 0.25 microrad over a region of 150 microrad. Currently available array detectors were examined. The most demanding specifications are low output noise, a high detection efficiency, a large number of pixels, and frame rates over 1kHz. A proof of concept (POC) demonstration system is currently being built utilizing the Kodak HS-40 detector (a 128 x 128 photodiode array with a 64 channel CCD readout architecture which can be operated at frame rates as high as 40,000/sec). The POC system implements a windowing scheme and special purpose digital signal processing electronic for matched filter acquisition and tracking algorithms.

Clark, D. L.↗

Space Station Freedom Solar Array design development

The Space Station Freedom Solar Array Program is required to provide a 75 kW power module that uses eight solar array (SA) wings over a four-year period in low Earth orbit (LEO). Each wing will be capable of providing 23.4 kW at the 4-year design point. Lockheed Missles and Space Company, Inc. (LMSC) is providing the flexible substrate SAs that must survive exposure to the space environment, including atomic oxygen, for an operating life of fifteen years. Trade studies and development testing, important for evolving any design to maturity, are presently underway at LMSC on the flexible solar array. The trade study and development areas being investigated include solar cell module size, solar cell weld pads, panel stiffener frames, materials inherently resistant to atomic oxygen, and weight reduction design alternatives.

Winslow, Cindy↗

Effect of micrometeorid and space debris impacts on the Space Station Freedom solar array surfaces

Both solar and antisolar surfaces of the Space Station Freedom solar arrays are vulnerable to micrometeoroid and space debris impacts. Impacts on the solar surface result in damage to the active area of the solar cell and a corresponding reduction in generated power. Impacts on the antisolar surface could result in damage to the circuit which interconnects the cells which in turn may produce open circuit strings or panels. An evaluation is presented of the power degradation resulting from the impacts of micrometeoroid and space debris on the solar surface of the array blanket. Moreover, given a particle diameter that could damage the circuit interconnecting the cells, the probability of an open circuit panel is computed, along with the probability that the solar array blanket will meet the power requirement over the design lifetime.

Nahra, Henry K.↗

Bidiagonalization and symmetric tridiagonalization by systolic arrays

A systolic algorithm and an array for bidiagonalization of an nxn matrix in O(nlog(2)n) time, using O(n to the 2nd power) cells are given. Bandedness of the input matrix may be effectively exploited. If the matrix is banded, with p nonzero subdiagonals and q nonzero superdiagonals, then 4nln(p + q) + O(n) clocks and 2n(p + q) + O((p + q) to the 2nd power + n) cells are needed. This is faster than the best previously reported result by the factor log(2)e = 1.44.... Moreover, in contrast to earlier systolic designs, which require the matrix to be preloaded into the array and the result matrix extracted after bidiagonalization, the present arrays are pipelined.

Schreiber, Robert↗

Imaging phased telescope array study

The problems encountered in obtaining a wide field-of-view with large, space-based direct imaging phased telescope arrays were considered. After defining some of the critical systems issues, previous relevant work in the literature was reviewed and summarized. An extensive list was made of potential error sources and the error sources were categorized in the form of an error budget tree including optical design errors, optical fabrication errors, assembly and alignment errors, and environmental errors. After choosing a top level image quality requirment as a goal, a preliminary tops-down error budget allocation was performed; then, based upon engineering experience, detailed analysis, or data from the literature, a bottoms-up error budget reallocation was performed in an attempt to achieve an equitable distribution of difficulty in satisfying the various allocations. This exercise provided a realistic allocation for residual off-axis optical design errors in the presence of state-of-the-art optical fabrication and alignment errors. Three different computational techniques were developed for computing the image degradation of phased telescope arrays due to aberrations of the individual telescopes. Parametric studies and sensitivity analyses were then performed for a variety of subaperture configurations and telescope design parameters in an attempt to determine how the off-axis performance of a phased telescope array varies as the telescopes are scaled up in size. The Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL) multipurpose telescope testbed (MMTT) configuration was analyzed in detail with regard to image degradation due to field curvature and distortion of the individual telescopes as they are scaled up in size.

Harvey, James E.↗

Visible and infrared linear detector arrays for the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)

The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument uses four separate focal plane assemblies consisting of line array detectors that are multiplexed to a common J-FET preamp using a FET switch multiplexing (MUX) technique. A 32-element silicon line array covers the spectral range from 0.41 to 0.70 microns. Three additional 64-element indium antimonide (InSb) line arrays cover the spectral range from 0.68 to 2.45 microns. The spectral sampling interval per detector element is nominally 9.8 nm, giving a total of 224 spectral channels. All focal planes operate at liquid nitrogen temperature and are housed in separate dewars. Electrical performance characteristics include a read noise of less than 1000 e(-) in all channels, response and dark nonuniformity of 5 percent peak to peak, and quantum efficiency of greater than 60 percent.

Bailey, Gary C.↗