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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,369 records · Page 76

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DOE OSTI2024

Radio Frequency Spectrum Audit to Inventory Private Cellular Base Station Infrastructure

The ever-changing cellular communication landscape makes it difficult to identify, map, and localize cellular base stations. Localizing cellular base stations provides various advantages, including information security, cybersecurity, spectrum management, and interference detection. For example, the MITRE ATT&CK® (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge architecture) [1] and Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification [2] emphasize the importance of being able to minimize the cyber security threat presented by unregulated private cellular base stations (PCBS). The majority of published research looks at the malicious use of PCBSs and focuses on using data retrieved from user equipment (UE), data obtained from an application on the UE, or data shared between the UE and a mobile network to locate it. This innovative strategy, however, focuses on the passively discovered uniqueness of radio frequency (RF) transmissions from commercial cellular infrastructure received in a designated monitoring position (DMP).

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2025

Validation of Photovoltaic Modeling Tool Solargraf Against Measured Data

Solargraf is a cloud-based 3D design tool by Enphase Energy that allows users to design solar and storage systems with a variety of elements. Through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), Enphase Energy collaborated with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to validate Solargraf's 3D design simulation against measured PV system performance. This study follows the same methodology of similar validation studies completed at NREL. The predicted performance results from simulations in both Solargraf and NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM) tool were compared with measured data to evaluate performance predictions.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

NGEE Arctic Tram: Periodic Soil CO2 and CH4 Flux Chamber Measurements across Polygonal Tundra, Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska, 2014-2017

Soil chamber flux measurements made from a 2014-2017 adjacent to the TRAM system, with measurements referenced to TRAM stop numbers. Dataset includes measurements using transparent and opaque chambers (CO2 and CH4 fluxes in light and dark). The Tram location was selected to be in the footprint of the NGEE Arctic AmeriFlux tower (US-NGB). Measurement stop positions are at 0.5 m intervals (1-137) over the 68 m Tram track. Dataset includes one CSV data file and one user guide in PDF. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Rapidly changing high-latitude seasonality: Implications for the 21st century carbon cycle in Alaska: Modeling Archive

This Modeling Archive is in support of an NGEE Arctic publication "Rapidly changing high-latitude seasonality: Implications for the 21st century carbon cycle in Alaska" DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac4362.The dataset contains "ecosys" model outputs reported in Shirley et al. (2022) that explored how climate warming will shift carbon cycle seasonality in Alaska. The study used analysis of seasonal dynamics to support the prediction that high-latitude ecosystems are carbon sinks and will continue to accumulate carbon throughout the century. The study predicts surprisingly large increases in spring net carbon uptake that result in larger net carbon uptake in spring than in summer by year 2100. Included as *.nc files are modeled daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE), net primary productivity (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (Rh), autotrophic respiration (Ra), gross primary productivity (GPP), and plant nitrogen uptake. The output is provided (1) at 25 km resolution across Alaska; (2) for years 2010 through 2100. Scripts to generate publication figures included as text files (*.m) from MATLAB. A user guide included as *.pdf.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2026

Heat Pump Retrofits for Central Plant Hydronic Heating Systems: A Software Toolkit for Screening and Design

Retrofitting existing central plants with high-efficiency heat pump technologies can play a crucial role in achieving long-term planning goals. Modern heat pump technologies are able to use waste heat recovery to meet a building's heating demand, but there is a lack of accessible tools designed for non-HVAC experts, such as building owners, to quickly and easily conduct what-if analysis, e.g., estimating retrofit costs and payback period for their partial or full equipment replacement. This paper introduces an open-source software toolkit designed to facilitate the initial screening and decision-making of heat pump retrofits in existing central plants using a building's yearly load profile from metered or utility bill data. The toolkit evaluates the technical and economic viability of replacing traditional central plant equipment with various options including water-to-water or air-to-water heat pumps, which can provide efficient and lower-cost heating and cooling. It allows users to compare current central plant configurations with retrofit scenarios, assessing energy consumption, life-cycle costs, and environmental impact. The toolkit offers (1) a web-based tool designed for user-friendly access by a broad audience and (2) Python-based source code for researchers and engineers conducting parametric studies and design parameter optimization. The toolkit compares a typical central plant configuration to a configuration that uses a heat pump to supply hydronic heating and cooling. The output metrics include energy consumption and output of each equipment, life-cycle cost analyses and metrics, and environmental impact of the system.

Excell, L↗

NASA NTRS1971

International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 7th, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., May 17-21, 1971, Proceedings. Volumes 1, 2 & 3.

The sessions dealt in full detail with basic research in geology and soils; manual interpretation of data on land use, snow, and ice; machine assisted data handling; instrumentation; basic research in water, snow, and ice; manual interpretation of data on vegetation, soils, and geology; user studies and instrumentation; and operational systems. Individual items are abstracted in this issue.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1976

ACCESS 1: Approximation Concepts Code for Efficient Structural Synthesis program documentation and user's guide

The program documentation and user's guide for the ACCESS-1 computer program is presented. ACCESS-1 is a research oriented program which implements a collection of approximation concepts to achieve excellent efficiency in structural synthesis. The finite element method is used for structural analysis and general mathematical programming algorithms are applied in the design optimization procedure. Implementation of the computer program, preparation of input data and basic program structure are described, and three illustrative examples are given.

Miura, H.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Advances in Sterilization and Decontamination: a Survey

Recent technical advances made in the field of sterilization and decontamination and their applicability to private and commercial interests are discussed. Government-sponsored programs by NASA produced the bulk of material presented in this survey. The summary of past and current research discussed is detailed to enhance an effective transfer of technology from NASA to potential users.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1978

Technology advances and market forces: Their impact on high performance architectures

Reasonable projections into future supercomputer architectures and technology require an analysis of the computer industry market environment, the current capabilities and trends within the component industry, and the research activities on computer architecture in the industrial and academic communities. Management, programmer, architect, and user must cooperate to increase the efficiency of supercomputer development efforts. Care must be taken to match the funding, compiler, architecture and application with greater attention to testability, maintainability, reliability, and usability than supercomputer development programs of the past.

Best, D. R.↗

NASA NTRS1978

ACCESS-2: Approximation Concepts Code for Efficient Structural Synthesis, user's guide

A user's guide is presented for the ACCESS-2 computer program. ACCESS-2 is a research oriented program which implements a collection of approximation concepts to achieve excellent efficiency in structural synthesis. The finite element method is used for structural analysis and general mathematical programming algorithms are applied in the design optimization procedure.

Miura, H.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Energy Remote Sensing Applications Projects at the NASA Ames Research Center

The NASA Ames Research Center is active in energy projects primarily in the role of providing assistance to users in the solution of a number of problems related to energy. Data bases were produced which can be used, in combination with other sources of information, to solve spatially related energy problems. Six project activities at Ames are described which relate to energy and remote sensing. Two projects involve power demand forecasting and estimations using remote sensing and geographic information systems; two others involve transmission line routing and corridor analysis; one involves a synfuel user needs assessment through remote sensing; and the sixth involves the siting of energy facilities.

Norman, S. D.↗

NASA NTRS1984

The function of report components in the screening and reading of technical reports

A reader preference survey of engineers and scientists at the NASA Langley Research Center and in three professional/technical societies was conducted to determine the opinions of report users and producers concerning the format (organization) of NASA technical reports and the usage of technical report components. The survey questionnaire contained fourteen questions covering twelve survey topics. This article reports the findings of two survey topics: the components initially reviewed or read to determine whether to read a report in its entirety and the order in which report components are read.

Pinelli, T. E.↗

NASA NTRS1992

PC-SEAPAK user's guide, version 4.0

PC-SEAPAK is designed to provide a complete and affordable capability for processing and analysis of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data. Since the release of version 3.0 over a year ago, significant revisions were made to the AVHRR and CZCS programs and to the statistical data analysis module, and a number of new programs were added. This new version has 114 procedures listed in its menus. The package continues to emphasize user-friendliness and interactive data analysis. Additionally, because the scientific goals of the ocean color research being conducted have shifted to larger space and time scales, batch processing capabilities were enhanced, allowing large quantities of data to be easily ingested and analyzed. The development of PC-SEAPAK was paralled by two other activities that were influential and assistive: the global CZCS processing effort at GSFC and the continued development of VAX-SEAPAK. SEAPAK incorporates the instrument calibration and support all levels of data available from the CZCS archive.

Mcclain, Charles R.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Hubble Space Telescope: Goddard high resolution spectrograph instrument handbook. Version 2.1

The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) is an ultraviolet spectrometer which has been designed to exploit the imaging and pointing capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope. It will obtain observations of astronomical sources with greater spectral, spatial and temporal resolution than has been possible with previous space-based instruments. Data from the GHRS will be applicable to many types of scientific investigations, including studies of the interstellar medium, stellar winds, chromospheres and coronae, the byproducts and endproducts of stellar evolution, planetary atmospheres, comets, and many kinds of extragalactic sources. This handbook is intended to introduce the GHRS to potential users. The main purpose is to provide enough information to explore the feasibility of possible research projects and to plan, propose and execute a set of observations. An overview of the instrument performance, which should allow one to evaluate the suitability of the GHRS to specific projects, and a somewhat more detailed description of the GHRS hardware are given. How observing programs will be carried out, the various operating modes of the instrument, and the specific information about the performance of the instrument needed to plan an observation are discussed.

Duncan, Douglas K.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Using high-performance networks to enable computational aerosciences applications

One component of the U.S. Federal High Performance Computing and Communications Program (HPCCP) is the establishment of a gigabit network to provide a communications infrastructure for researchers across the nation. This gigabit network will provide new services and capabilities, in addition to increased bandwidth, to enable future applications. An understanding of these applications is necessary to guide the development of the gigabit network and other high-performance networks of the future. In this paper we focus on computational aerosciences applications run remotely using the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) facility located at NASA Ames Research Center. We characterize these applications in terms of network-related parameters and relate user experiences that reveal limitations imposed by the current wide-area networking infrastructure. Then we investigate how the development of a nationwide gigabit network would enable users of the NAS facility to work in new, more productive ways.

Johnson, Marjory J.↗

NASA NTRS1997

Dryden Flight Research Center Chemical Pharmacy Program

The Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) Chemical Pharmacy "Crib" is a chemical sharing system which loans chemicals to users, rather than issuing them or having each individual organization or group purchasing the chemicals. This cooperative system of sharing chemicals eliminates multiple ownership of the same chemicals and also eliminates stockpiles. Chemical management duties are eliminated for each of the participating organizations. The chemical storage issues, hazards and responsibilities are eliminated. The system also ensures safe storage of chemicals and proper disposal practices. The purpose of this program is to reduce the total releases and transfers of toxic chemicals. The initial cost of the program to DFRC was $585,000. A savings of $69,000 per year has been estimated for the Center. This savings includes the reduced costs in purchasing, disposal and chemical inventory/storage responsibilities. DFRC has chemicals stored in 47 buildings and at 289 locations. When the program is fully implemented throughout the Center, there will be three chemical locations at this facility. The benefits of this program are the elimination of chemical management duties; elimination of the hazard associated with chemical storage; elimination of stockpiles; assurance of safe storage; assurance of proper disposal practices; assurance of a safer workplace; and more accurate emissions reports.

Davis, Bette↗

NASA NTRS1999

"An On-Line Access System for TRMM Data"

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of United States and the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan, provides visible, infrared, and microwave observations of tropical and subtropical rain system. The satellite observations are complemented by ground radar and rain gauge measurements to validate satellite rain estimation techniques. TRMM satellite was launched on November 27, 1997(EST). Data from TRMM are being archived, processed, and disseminated by DAAC at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) of NASA. The Goddard DAAC has been archiving Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data since the launch. The TRMM level 1 and level 2 products first have been released to public on June 15, 1998. Now, most of TRMM products, including some ground validation products are released to public. TRMM data are useful for forecast model research, disaster mitigation, climatological studies, agricultural predictions, and many other applications. An online system or user interface is designed for easy, friendly, and quick display, access, and ordering of the TRMM data. Components, features, and limitations of the system will be discussed and demonstrated. The TRMM standard products and variety of the subsets and ancillary data will be shown, and their availability will be discussed.

Rui, Hualan↗

NASA NTRS1974

Alternative Techniques for Testing A Highway Information Systems

The highway transport system as contrasted with other modes of transportation is quite unique in that the users of the system are responsible for the guidance and control functions of the vehicle. Research has shown that improved forms of motorist information, such as highway signs and markings, can enhance the predictability and reliability of the driving task. Test and evaluation of promising new concepts in motorist information must preceed widespread endorsement and implementation on our highway system. This paper reviews the merits and limitations of presently available human factor research techniques--laboratory, instrumented vehicle and traffic performance studies on operational facilities--for evaluating the efficacy of motorist information concepts. Specific examples are given to demonstrate the utility and the interrelationships of the alternative research techniques and there is a discussion of the most pressing immediate and future needs for improved highway signing and road marking research methodology.

Mast, Truman↗