Cooperative Behavior in Small Exploration Systems
The objective of this study was to identify potentially useful cooperative behaviors for small space explorer systems that operate simultaneously.
cooperative behavior Small Exploration Systems↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “behavior”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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The Steady State Behavior of Randomly Perturbed Dynamical Systems
The statistical behavior of nonlinear systems near stable.
steady state behavior dynamic systems stable equil↗
Fuzzy Behavior Modulation with Threshold Activation for Autonomous Vehicle Navigation
This paper describes fuzzy logic techniques used in a hierarchical behavior-based architecture for robot navigation.
rover↗
Microdynamic Behavior of a Joint-Dominated Structure On-Orbit
The Interferometry Program Experiments (IPEX) I and II are the first free-flying space experiments specifically designed to characterize the sub-micron dynamic behavior of large flexible structures subjected to on-orbit thermal and mechanical disturbances.
Interferometry↗
Autonomous Synthesis of Goal-Oriented Behaviors for Planetary Robotic Sampling
An intelligent robotic architecture that autonomously synthesizes goal-oriented behaviors, while connecting sensing and action in real-time, is presented with applications to loosely defined planetary sampling missions. This architecture is composed of perception and action nets interconneted in closed loops.
perception↗
Reports of Resilient Performance: Investigating Operators' Descriptions of Safety-producing Behaviors in the Aviation Safety Reporting System
While many existing taxonomies and frameworks provide a common vocabulary for describing how human operators fail in the context of sociotechnical systems, at present, there is no common vocabulary to describe how humans succeed. Such a framework would facilitate systematically collecting and analyzing data on how human performance can produce safety, not just how it can reduce safety. One potentially rich source of currently available information for exploring desired performance is the reports submitted to NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). These de-identified, confidential, and voluntary narrative reports are submitted by pilots, controllers, ground operators, and others within aviation operations. While these reports are primarily submitted to describe safety risks, incidents, and problems, they also often describe how those risks were mitigated, and provide a window into aspects of everyday work in aviation. This paper describes an analysis of ASRS narratives to understand how operators talk about their own resilient behaviors during adverse safety conditions and events. Guided by Erik Hollnagel’s Resilience Assessment Grid framework (i.e., anticipate, monitor, respond, learn), we illustrate our approach and methodology with examples from reports. We also highlight some of the challenges and how further research is needed in developing a taxonomy of operators’ descriptions of resilient performance.
resilient behaviors↗
Reports of Resilient Performance: Investigating Operators' Descriptions of Safety-producing Behaviors in the Aviation Safety Reporting System
While many existing taxonomies and frameworks provide a common vocabulary for describing how human operators fail in the context of sociotechnical systems, at present, there is no common vocabulary to describe how humans succeed. Such a framework would facilitate systematically collecting and analyzing data on how human performance can produce safety, not just how it can reduce safety. One potentially rich source of currently available information for exploring desired performance is the reports submitted to NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). These de-identified, confidential, and voluntary narrative reports are submitted by pilots, controllers, ground operators, and others within aviation operations. While these reports are primarily submitted to describe safety risks, incidents, and problems, they also often describe how those risks were mitigated, and provide a window into aspects of everyday work in aviation. These reports can be searched in a variety of ways. This paper describes methods for systematically examining ASRS narratives to understand how operators talk about their own resilient behaviors during adverse safety conditions and events. Guided by Erik Hollnagel’s Resilience Assessment Grid framework (i.e., anticipate, monitor, respond, learn), various approaches and tools for such inquiries are described. The approach, process, challenges, and suggestions to building an operator-based description of resilient performance are discussed, and tools to facilitate data analysis to maximize learning from these reports are described.
ASRS narratives↗
Analysis of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Combustion Behavior in Promoted Oxygen Environments
Promoted combustion testing is a vital tool for engineers to establish the combustion and flammability characteristics of materials (metallic or otherwise) in oxygen enriched environments. Historically, much of the established data for metallic promoted combustion has been with regards to cast and wrought forms. However, with the emergence of additive manufacturing as a preferred method of fabrication, the need exists to evaluate how metals in that form behave. This paper will serve as a review of the work that has been done and an analysis of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718, a material popular for aerospace applications such as liquid fueled rocket components and turbine engines. Promoted combustion testing (per the ASTM G124 standard) was conducted on samples of both wrought and selective laser melted fabrication, to provide comparison of flammability response between materials produced by each manufacturing method. Additionally, post-build treatments were applied to test samples to identify any effects on performance provided by hot isostatic pressing, oxygen-getting wrap during HIP, stress relieving, and solutionizing/aging heat treatments. This study will utilize optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and metallography to identify the differences in behavior of additively manufactured and wrought Inconel 718.
Additively Manufactured↗
Psychophysiological Methods to Assess Pilot Productive Safety Behaviors
The NASA System-Wide Safety (SWS) Project is focused on developing new technologies and operational concepts for the aviation industry to meet the increasing global demand while maintaining the current ultra-safe system safety levels. To achieve this, the SWS Project is developing research priorities, including In-time System-wide Safety Assurance (ISSA) and In-time Aviation Safety Management System (IASMS; Ellis et al., 2019). A critical component of the IASMS is the human as pilot and in other roles in aviation operations as demonstrated by SWS human factors research on rare occurrences of human error and the far more prevalent human safety producing behaviors (e.g., Hollnagel, 2016). The talk presented by Chad Stephens of NASA Langley Research Center and NASA SWS Project will describe the history of human factors research involving psychophysiological and biocybernetics methods supporting aviation safety conducted at NASA. Specific examples of recent NASA crew state monitoring research focused on a psychophysiological assessment method and system to enable Training for Attention Management will be demonstrated. Current SWS research including the SWS Operations and Technologies for Enabling Resilient In-Time Assurance (SOTERIA) flight simulation study and a data testbed created to enable study of Human Contributions to Safety (HC2S) will be presented. Ongoing collaborative research efforts with Boeing researchers will be highlighted and opportunities for further collaboration will be discussed.
psychophysiology↗
A Convergence of Public-Private Benefits in Denver: Surveys and Analyses to Inform Urban Mobility-, Energy-, Infrastructure- and Behavior-Related Innovation: Preprint
Cities, public transit agencies, and new private ride hailing services seek to understand emerging traveler dynamics, the shifting demographics of urban travelers,and new energy-efficient mobility opportunities. This includes exploring how new infrastructure investments, public and private mobility services, and smart-phone mobility apps are reshaping behaviors, demands (e.g. mobility-on-demand services), travel experiences and energy-efficient urban travel preferences. Currently, cities and metropolitan regions are providing and experimenting with many new mobility options, technologies, and personalized information services at the intersection of urban mobility, energy, and infrastructure systems (e.g., new commuter rail). To date, technology alone has not been able to crack the nut of 'creating faster trip times, less congestion, safer streets, and cleaner air for its citizens through fewer cars on the road'. This paper focuses on this gap by offering new concepts and potential for integrated approaches. Accommodating more vehicles miles traveled in cities, without increases in person miles traveled (PMT), could be costly, generating: 1) tremendous demands for new infrastructure, land, road space, materials, and energy; 2) higher traffic fatality risks; and 3) worsening air quality. Therefore, this study focuses on reducing single occupancy vehicle use by enhancing integrated mobility, helping transit and ridehailing increase occupancy in ways that also reduce energy use, and improve quality of life for urban travelers and communities. This study focuses on a survey of urban travelers in Denver, as a representative case study for metropolitan regions experiencing rapid growth, ageing populations, increased urban sprawl, traffic-related delays, and inefficient energy use per PMT.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Understanding Mobility Behavior Using OpenPATH
In this presentation, we present the motivation behind the creation of NRELOpenPATH, what data the tool can collect, how the app works, and how interested parties can set up a deployment for their own project. OpenPATH is unique in it's ability to engage users in longitudinal travel diary collection with a smartphone app. The app allows projects to examine the modes of users travel, as well as the purpose of that travel. Many deployments have examined the way users travel by e-bike, and the app supports data collection across all modes to gain a holistic view of mobility behavior. The app is configurable for each deployment, and we will describe the way in which NREL hosts project deployments of our open-source project. As this presentation is a part of a panel, time for questions will be included.
ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗
Behavioral Approaches to Improve Consumer Uptake of Inflation Reduction Act Incentives
During this workshop, attendees will suggest how local home improvement contractors can be encouraged to support the roll out of Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) provisions with behavioral insights. Workshop sponsor, NREL, and workshop moderator, Dr. Sussman, will compile audience suggestions for states, local governments, and the US Department of Energy to inform their rollout of the IRA.
behavior↗
Blending Behavioral Science and Physics-Based Models Inform Equitable Decarbonization Pathways in the US Housing Stock: Preprint
A just energy transition is an imperative of the Biden-Harris Administration, emphasizing the equitable distribution of benefits through energy-efficient and decarbonizing household technologies. Understanding the factors that increase a household's willingness to adopt these technologies helps policymakers implement more targeted and effective approaches. Our research addresses this by blending 550,000 housing stock types and energy simulation data with a nationally representative survey on residential technology adoption and decision-making (n=10,000). We identify energy equity gaps across tenure and income, highlighting disparities in energy burdens and insecurity. Findings show that households with prior modification experience are more willing to renovate, suggesting that small-scale retrofit programs could foster greater willingness. Energy secure but burdened homeowners are least willing to modify, highlighting the need to consider energy bill perceptions in policy design. Nearly half of US households that are energy burdened also face energy insecurity, with a significant gap in assistance for low-income households. We emphasize the need to understand household perceptions to improve policy. This research underscores the importance of understanding household behaviors to improve policy effectiveness, offering actionable insights for policymakers to promote equitable housing upgrades and advance a decarbonized future.
behavioral science↗
Oxidation Behavior of Irradiated and Unirradiated NBG-25 Graphite
This presentation discusses The xxidation behavior of irradiated and unirradiated NBG-25 Graphite results of thermogravimetric analysis of same-source specimens from the AGC-1 experiement. Minimal annealing effects, Substantial increase in OR with Irradiation using Conventional Rate Analysis, Apparent Dose Dependency, Examination of Onset (Alternate Analysis) Shows Competing Irradiation Effects, and Similar Test Matrix (without annealing) now under way with NBG-18 Graphite is reviewed.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
ART Materials Program Review - Grain Coarsening Behavior of Alloy 709 Heats
PowerPoint slides for ART Advanced Materials Program Grain Coarsening Behavior of Alloy 709 Heats regarding basic discussion of Background ?Grain Coarsening Temperature, Material and Experimental Approach, Results, Summary, and Future Work.
11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Identification of Novel, Replicable Genetic Risk Loci for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans
Importance: Suicide is a leading cause of death; however, the molecular genetic basis of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (SITB) remains unknown. Objective: To identify novel, replicable genomic risk loci for SITB. Design, Setting, and Participants: This genome-wide association study included 633 778 US military veterans with and without SITB, as identified through electronic health records. GWAS was performed separately by ancestry, controlling for sex, age, and genetic substructure. Cross-ancestry risk loci were identified through meta-analysis. Study enrollment began in 2011 and is ongoing. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to August 2022. Main Outcome and Measures: SITB. Results: A total of 633 778 US military veterans were included in the analysis (57 152 [9%] female; 121 118 [19.1%] African ancestry, 8285 [1.3%] Asian ancestry, 452 767 [71.4%] European ancestry, and 51 608 [8.1%] Hispanic ancestry), including 121 211 individuals with SITB (19.1%). Meta-analysis identified more than 200 GWS (P < 5 × 10 -8 ) cross-ancestry risk single-nucleotide variants for SITB concentrated in 7 regions on chromosomes 2, 6, 9, 11, 14, 16, and 18. Top single-nucleotide variants were largely intronic in nature; 5 were independently replicated in ISGC, including rs6557168 in ESR1, rs12808482 in DRD2, rs77641763 in EXD3, rs10671545 in DCC, and rs36006172 in TRAF3. Associations for FBXL19 and AC018880.2 were not replicated. Gene-based analyses implicated 24 additional GWS cross-ancestry risk genes, including FURIN, TSNARE1, and the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene cluster. Cross-ancestry enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment for expression in brain and pituitary tissue, synapse and ubiquitination processes, amphetamine addiction, parathyroid hormone synthesis, axon guidance, and dopaminergic pathways. Seven other unique European ancestry–specific GWS loci were identified, 2 of which (POM121L2 and METTL15/LINC02758) were replicated. Two additional GWS ancestry-specific loci were identified within the African ancestry (PET112/GATB) and Hispanic ancestry (intergenic locus on chromosome 4) subsets, both of which were replicated. Further, no GWS loci were identified within the Asian ancestry subset; however, significant enrichment was observed for axon guidance, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling, focal adhesion, glutamatergic synapse, and oxytocin signaling pathways across all ancestries. Within the European ancestry subset, genetic correlations (r > 0.75) were observed between the SITB phenotype and a suicide attempt-only phenotype, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Additionally, polygenic risk score analyses revealed that the Million Veteran Program polygenic risk score had nominally significant main effects in 2 independent samples of veterans of European and African ancestry.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
In Situ Study on Fracture Behavior of Thick-Section Friction Stir-Welded AA 5083 Alloy
Friction stir welding (FSW) produces a gradient microstructure with distinct metallurgical zones. Here, the present study focuses on characterizing the fracture behavior during uniaxial loading across thick-section FSW joint in nonheat-treatable 5083 aluminum alloy. The hardness variation is linked to microstructural features across the weld zones through correlative microscopy. Notably, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) exhibits a lower hardness of 75 HV, while the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and stir zones (SZ) display a hardness of around 79HV. A marginal difference in hardness in HAZ prompts strain localization in HAZ on the advancing side of the weld, resulting in offset in fracture from the SZ, which is captured through in situ monitoring of the tensile test. Further, the postdeformation analysis reveals crack propagation along the maximum shear stress plane due to the coalescence of microvoids resulting from the fracturing and debonding of second-phase particles. Overall, this study provides valuable insight for optimizing the FSW process of AA 5083 alloy for thick-section applications.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Unraveling the Highly Plastic Behavior of ALD-Aluminum Oxide Encapsulations by Small-Scale Tensile Testing
We present a study directly measuring the electron-beam-induced plasticity of amorphous Al 2 O 3 coatings. Core–shell nanostructures are employed as small-scale model systems for two-dimensional coatings made by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Copper nanowires (NWs) are used as substrates for ALD deposition, representing a model system for interconnects commonly found in integrated circuits. Experiments are performed in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and further analyzed with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Our in situ TEM tensile experiments reveal the highly plastic behavior of the ALD shell, which withstands a maximum strain of 188%. Comparable samples under beam-off conditions show a brittle fracture, which underlines the effect of electron irradiation. The electron-beam-activated bond switching within the amorphous network enables compensation of the applied tensile strain, leading to viscous flow. By incorporating an intermediate nanocrystalline layer within the Al 2 O 3 shell, the plasticity is suppressed and brittle fracture occurs. This work directly demonstrates the tuning of mechanical properties in amorphous ALD structures through electron irradiation.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗