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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,369 records · Page 76
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2011

Using 100G Network Technology in Support of Petascale Science

NASA in collaboration with a number of partners conducted a set of individual experiments and demonstrations during SC 10 that collectively were titled "Using 100G Network Technology in Support of Petascale Science". The partners included the iCAIR, Internet2, LAC, MAX, National LambdaRail (NLR), NOAA and SCinet Research Sandbox (SRS) as well as the vendors Ciena, Cisco, ColorChip, cPacket, Extreme Networks, Fusion-io, HP and Panduit who most generously allowed some of their leading edge 40G/100G optical transport, Ethernet switch and Internet Protocol router equipment and file server technologies to be involved. The experiments and demonstrations featured different vendor-provided 40G/100G network technology solutions for full-duplex 40G and 100G LAN data flows across SRS-deployed single-node fiber-pairs among the Exhibit Booths of NASA, the National Center for Data lining, NOAA and the SCinet Network Operations Center, as well as between the NASA Exhibit Booth in New Orleans and the Starlight Communications Exchange facility in Chicago across special SC 10- only 80- and 100-Gbps wide area network links provisioned respectively by the NLR and Internet2, then on to GSFC across a 40-Gbps link. provisioned by the Mid-Atlantic Crossroads. The networks and vendor equipment were load-stressed by sets of NASA/GSFC High End Computer Network Team-built, relatively inexpensive, net-test-workstations that are capable of demonstrating greater than 100Gbps uni-directional nuttcp-enabled memory-to-memory data transfers, greater than 80-Gbps aggregate--bidirectional memory-to-memory data transfers, and near 40-Gbps uni-directional disk-to-disk file copying. This paper will summarize the background context, key accomplishments and some significances of these experiments and demonstrations.

Gary, James P.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Agricultural requirements for precipitation measurements

The requirements for precipitation measurements from space for hydrologic forecasting applications are discussed. The structure of the hydrologic forecasting service of the National Weather Service (NWS) is described, and an attempt is made to estimate the sampling and accuracy requirements for a range of spatial and temporal averaging scales corresponding to various NWS hydrologic applications. Finally, the data base requirements are addressed. The critical point is made that for the data source to be most useful operationally at the NWS River Forecast Centers, the data must be available on-line in a format compatible with computer processing. Several data base systems are illustrated in a scenario for a multi-sensor rainfall analysis system (MSRANS). Actually, MSRANS is the software existing within the various computer environments required to preprocess, process, and analyze rainfall information from multiple sources.

Strommen, N. D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

NELS 2.0 - A general system for enterprise wide information management

NELS, the NASA Electronic Library System, is an information management tool for creating distributed repositories of documents, drawings, and code for use and reuse by the aerospace community. The NELS retrieval engine can load metadata and source files of full text objects, perform natural language queries to retrieve ranked objects, and create links to connect user interfaces. For flexibility, the NELS architecture has layered interfaces between the application program and the stored library information. The session manager provides the interface functions for development of NELS applications. The data manager is an interface between session manager and the structured data system. The center of the structured data system is the Wide Area Information Server. This system architecture provides access to information across heterogeneous platforms in a distributed environment. There are presently three user interfaces that connect to the NELS engine; an X-Windows interface, and ASCII interface and the Spatial Data Management System. This paper describes the design and operation of NELS as an information management tool and repository.

Smith, Stephanie L.↗
NASA NTRS2015

AIRS Mission Support from GES DISC

This talk will describe the support and distribution of AIRS (Atmospheric Infra Red Sounding) data products that are archived and distributed from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. Along with data stewardship, an important mission of GES DISC is to enhance the usability of data and broaden the user base. We will provide a brief summary of the current online archive and distribution metrics for the AIRS v5 and v6 products. We will also describe collaborative data sets and services (e.g., visualization and potential science applications) and solicit feedback for potential future services.

version↗
NASA NTRS2015

Application of Data Cubes for Improving Detection of Water Cycle Extreme Events

As part of an ongoing NASA-funded project to remove a longstanding barrier to accessing NASA data (i.e., accessing archived time-step array data as point-time series), for the hydrology and other point-time series-oriented communities, "data cubes" are created from which time series files (aka "data rods") are generated on-the-fly and made available as Web services from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). Data cubes are data as archived rearranged into spatio-temporal matrices, which allow for easy access to the data, both spatially and temporally. A data cube is a specific case of the general optimal strategy of reorganizing data to match the desired means of access. The gain from such reorganization is greater the larger the data set. As a use case of our project, we are leveraging existing software to explore the application of the data cubes concept to machine learning, for the purpose of detecting water cycle extreme events, a specific case of anomaly detection, requiring time series data. We investigate the use of support vector machines (SVM) for anomaly classification. We show an example of detection of water cycle extreme events, using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM).

water cycle extreme events↗
NASA NTRS2017

The Diverse Data, User Driven Services and the Power of Giovanni at NASA GES DISC

This presentation provides an overview of remote sensing and model data at GES (Goddard Earth Sciences) DISC (Data and Information Services Center); Overview of data services at GES DISC (Registration with NASA data system; Searching and downloading data); Giovanni (Geospatial Interactive Online VisualizationANd aNalysis Infrastructure): online data exploration tool; and NASA Earth Data and Information System.

model↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Interoperability and Other Aspects of Guiding Data Producers for the Benefit of End Users

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions and netCDF standard have influenced the recommendations and guidance provided to producers of data products based on NASA’s Earth observations. It has been long-recognized that interoperable datasets and use of standards and conventions are beneficial to the users of these datasets, especially those who make use of multiple datasets for their research and applications. The Dataset Interoperability Working Group (DIWG), one of NASA’s Earth Science Data System Working Groups (ESDSWGs), was established in 2013, and has developed and published many recommendations. The Data Product Development Guide (DPDG) Working Group, established in 2018 as another of the ESDSWGs, has published a DPDG for Data Producers and a Quick Start Guide, incorporating guidance from many sources, including the recommendations from the DIWG. The DPDG includes recommendations regarding data formats (prominently netCDF-4) and metadata based primarily on the CF Metadata Conventions and the Attribute Convention for Data Discovery (ACDD). In early 2023, it was decided that the Resource Center for Data Producers (RCDP) Working Group be established as another ESDSWG, with the goals of providing all the information relevant and helpful for data producers via an easily accessible website, and of recommending how the DPDG and QSG could be maintained as living documents, given the rapidly changing technologies, and the need for incorporating the experience and feedback from the users of these documents.

Data product development↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Optimal Sensor Mobility Design for Target Tracking with Distributed Sensing, Communication and Computing Infrastructure

The paper presents an airborne target tracking approach with data fusion from distributed stationary and mobile sensor network transmitted through a wireless/wired communication network and using a distributed computing infrastructure. To obtain high quality measurements, sensor flight platforms' positions and orientations are optimized with respect to the available target's position and velocity estimates, and a formation control strategy is applied to derive desired trajectories for the flight platforms. As sensors move, the communication network topology switching is determined using the worst-case approach to handle uncertainties in the target's and sensors' positions, which alters communication delays for sensors' data transmission to computing centers. An optimal data migration algorithm is periodically applied to determine these communication delays for each sensor and the optimal location with minimum end-to-end latency for the target tracking algorithm execution, which is based on adaptive information fusion from multi-modal mobile and stationary sensors inside an Extended Kalman Filter framework. The approach is validated in a desktop simulation environment using synthetic sensor data generated for a simulated target's flight.

Distributed sensing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Newly Developing Community-Oriented Data System from NASA GES DISC

Data services are essential to facilitate data access and to aid efficiency of conducting research and application activities. With emerging technologies such as cloud computing and AI/ML (Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning) leading the pace of the data world, the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), home to the permanent archive for multidisciplinary Earth Observation (EO) geospatial data to study atmospheric composition, weather and climate variability, and water and energy cycles is no exception.Interfacing directly with users as part of data center work, we understand the challenges for the required time and effort to discover, visualize, and analyze large varieties and quantities of Earth Observation information for research, monitoring, and decision-making, largely due to the existing data and information systems aim to support experienced users, but has been proved difficult for non-earth scientists and new users that are unfamiliar with the variety of formats and structures in which data, metadata, and information are stored, as well as the required methods to use them. To address these challenges, I will update our latest activities with regard to water-and energy-related products and community-oriented and user-friendly services at the GES DISC, including our plans for the emerging technologies.

Jennifer Wei↗
NASA NTRS1980

NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) data report for tape VL0014

The data currently available from GASP, including flight routes and dates, instrumentation, data processing procedures, and data tape specifications are described. Measurements of atmospheric ozone, cabin ozine, carbon monoxide, water vapor, particles, clouds, condensation nuclei, filter samples and related meteorological and flight information obtained during 562 flights of aircraft N533PA, N4711U, N655PA, and VH-EBE from October 3, 1977 through January 5, 1978 are reported. Data representing tropopause pressures obtained from time and space interpolation of National Meteorological Center archived data for the dates of the flights are included.

Briehl, D.↗
NASA NTRS2012

NLSI Focus Group on Recovery of Missing ALSEP Data: Status Update for 2012 NLSI Science Forum

On the six Apollo lunar landed missions, the Astronauts deployed the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) science stations which measured active and passive seismic events, magnetic fields, charged particles, solar wind, heat flow, the diffuse atmosphere, meteorites and their ejecta, lunar dust, etc. Today s investigators are able to extract new information and make new discoveries from the old ALSEP data utilizing recent advances in computer capabilities and new analysis techniques. However, current-day investigators are encountering problems in trying to use the ALSEP data. The data were in formats often not well described in the published reports and contained rerecording anomalies which required tape experts to resolve. To solve these problems the DPS Lunar Data Node was established at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) NASA Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) in 2008 and is currently in the process of making the existing archived ALSEP data available to current-day investigators in easily useable forms. However, current estimates by NSSDC archivists are that only about 60 percent of the PI processed ALSEP data and less than 30 percent of the raw experiment ALSEP data-of-interest to current lunar science investigators are currently in the NSSDC archives.

Lewis, Lyach R.↗
NASA NTRS1997

A Summary of Ambient Air at John F. Kennedy Space Center with a Comparison to Data from the Florida Statewide Monitoring Network (1983-1992)

The EPA criteria air pollutants were monitored at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) since 1983 to comply the prevention of significant deterioration requirements under the Clean Air Act amendments passed by Congress in 1977 and 1990. Monitoring results show that monthly maximum 24-hour total suspended particulates decreased from 144.6 micograms/cu m in 1988 to 73.0 micrograms/cu m in 1991 and increased to 149.3 micrograms/cu m in 1992. Inhalable particulates increased from 56.1 gg/M3 in 1983 to 131.4 micrograms/cu m in 1988, and then decreased to 38.5 micrograms/cu m in 1992. Sulfur dioxide monthly maximum 24-hour average concentrations decreased each year from 135.2 micrograms/cu m in 1983 to 33.8 micrograms/cu m in 1992. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations increased from 5.1 micrograms/cu m in 1983 to 5.9 micrograms/cu m in 1988, then decreased to 4.5 micrograms/cu m in 1992. Carbon monoxide annual average concentrations decreased from 6.2 micrograms/cu m in 1983 to 1.1 micrograms/cu m in 1988, and increased to 1.2 micrograms/cu m in 1992. Ozone maximum 1-hour concentrations increased from 98 parts per billion (ppb) in 1983 to 134 ppb in 1989, and then decreased to 80 ppb in 1992. Total annual rainfall ranged from 37.47 inches to 57.47 inches and shows a 6.6 percent increase over this same ten year period.

Drese, John H.↗
DOE OSTI2023

BeyondPlanck: V. Minimal ADC Corrections for Planck LFI

We describe the correction procedure for Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) differential non-linearities (DNL) adopted in the Bayesian end-to-end BEYONDPLANCK analysis framework. This method is nearly identical to that developed for the official Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) Data Processing Center (DPC) analysis, and relies on the binned rms noise profile of each detector data stream. However, rather than building the correction profile directly from the raw rms profile, we first fit a Gaussian to each significant ADC-induced rms decrement, and then derive the corresponding correction model from this smooth model. The main advantage of this approach is that only samples which are significantly affected by ADC DNLs are corrected, as opposed to the DPC approach in which the correction is applied to all samples, filtering out signals not associated with ADC DNLs. The new corrections are only applied to data for which there is a clear detection of the non-linearities, and for which they perform at least comparably with the DPC corrections. Out of a total of 88 LFI data streams (sky and reference load for each of the 44 detectors) we apply the new minimal ADC corrections in 25 cases, and maintain the DPC corrections in 8 cases. All these corrections are applied to 44 or 70 GHz channels, while, as in previous analyses, none of the 30 GHz ADCs show significant evidence of non-linearity. By comparing the BEYONDPLANCK and DPC ADC correction methods, we estimate that the residual ADC uncertainty is about two orders of magnitude below the total noise of both the 44 and 70 GHz channels, and their impact on current cosmological parameter estimation is small. However, we also show that non-idealities in the ADC corrections can generate sharp stripes in the final frequency maps, and these could be important for future joint analyses with the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI), Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), or other datasets. We therefore conclude that, although the existing corrections are adequate for LFI-based cosmological parameter analysis, further work on LFI ADC corrections is still warranted.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Powering the Blue Economy Foundational Research & Development Topics Reliability for Marine Energy Power Systems

Ocean observing platforms are deployed across the world’s oceans to collect meteorological and oceanographic data. Current technology makes use of solar panels and battery banks to provide power to these platforms, which can be challenging at high latitudes due to lack of solar insolation and cold temperatures. Marine renewable energy (MRE) generation offers a potential improvement in consistent power generation throughout the year for this use on ocean observation buoys. This report analyzes existing reliability of high latitude coastal weather buoys and tsunami detection buoys to determine performance standards that MRE generation sources must meet to become viable power sources for these remote systems. Using measurements recorded from the U.S. National Data Buoy Center’s coastal weather buoys and tsunami detection buoys, the analysis calculated the historic data availability – or the percentage of time a measurement is recorded – to evaluate the reliability of ocean observation buoys. The results show that coastal weather buoys operate at 74% data availability and the tsunami detection systems operate at an average 72% data availability. The results describe the total reliability of the system, including many different types of failures not associated with the power system such as mooring failures or equipment failures caused by extreme weather. Power system outages may only account for a small portion of the system failures. Reliability is an important design criterion for the power system of ocean observation platforms. Future power systems that would be designed for these buoys, such as an MRE generator, need to have a minimum reliability of 72% and 74% to meet the overall performance of the weather buoys and tsunami buoys, respectively. However, power system reliability likely needs to be much higher than overall system reliability, so that power system outages do not negatively impact the overall performance of the buoy.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Characterization of Extreme Wave Conditions for Wave Energy Converter Design and Project Risk Assessment

Best practices and international standards for determining n-year return period extreme wave (sea states) conditions allow wave energy converter designers and project developers the option to apply simple univariate or more complex bivariate extreme value analysis methods. The present study compares extreme sea state estimates derived from univariate and bivariate methods and investigates the performance of spectral wave models for predicting extreme sea states at buoy locations within several regional wave climates along the US East and West Coasts. Two common third-generation spectral wave models are evaluated, a WAVEWATCH III® model with a grid resolution of 4 arc-minutes (6–7 km), and a Simulating WAves Nearshore model, with a coastal resolution of 200–300 m. Both models are used to generate multi-year hindcasts, from which extreme sea state statistics used for wave conditions characterization can be derived and compared to those based on in-situ observations at National Data Buoy Center stations. Comparison of results using different univariate and bivariate methods from the same data source indicates reasonable agreement on average. Discrepancies are predominantly random. Large discrepancies are common and increase with return period. There is a systematic underbias for extreme significant wave heights derived from model hindcasts compared to those derived from buoy measurements. This underbias is dependent on model spatial resolution. However, simple linear corrections can effectively compensate for this bias. A similar approach is not possible for correcting model-derived environmental contours, but other methods, e.g., machine learning, should be explored.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1979

Feasibility study of an integrated optic switching center

The design of a high data rate switching center for a satellite tracking station is discussed. The feasibility of a switching network using an integrated switching matrix is assessed. The preferred integrated optical switching scheme was found to be an electro-optic Bragg diffraction switch. To ascertain the advantages of the integrated optics switching center, its properties are compared to those of opto-electronic and to electronics switching networks.

Source record↗