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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
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DOE OSTI2024

FFA@CEBAF beam transport error and tolerance simulation studies

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) is a 12 GeV recirculating electron accelerator at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB). Major upgrades to the accelerator are being investigated which include a new 650 MeV injection beamline and state-of-the-art fixed-field alternating (FFA) gradient recirculation arcs. The upgrade will extend the energy of the electron beam to over 20 GeV. In this paper, we provide an error and tolerance simulation study of the amended beam optics transport of the existing accelerator tuned for 22 GeV operation. The study is conducted with the particle tracking codes elegant and Bmad in two parts. In the first part, we treat each section of the accelerator (electromagnetic arcs and linacs) modularly with ideal conditions at the beginning. The second part is a pseudo start-to-end (S2E) simulation with accumulated errors propagating from one beamline to the next.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Beam correction for multi-pass arcs in FFA@CEBAF: status update

This work examines the multi-pass steering of six electron beams in an FFA arc ranging from approximately 10.5 GeV to 22 GeV. Shown here is an algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) to successfully steer all six beams through the arc given precise knowledge of all beam positions at each of one hundred and one diagnostic locations with one hundred individual corrector magnets: that is successive application of SVD to different 100 × 101 response matrices—one for each beam energy. Further, a machine learning scheme is developed which only requires knowledge of the energy-averaged beam position at each location to provide equivalent steering. Extension of this scheme to other beam optics quantities as well as transverse and longitudinal coupling is explored.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Current status of permanent magnet radiation resiliency studies at CEBAF

One possible future for Jefferson Lab’s Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) lies in upgrading its maximum nominal energy using Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) technology for its recirculating arcs. The current proposal aims to use permanent magnets to supply the fixed fields. One concern among reviewers is the degradation of these permanent magnets during operation due to the radiation environment in which they will be present. This work, funded by a Laboratory Directed R&D grant, aims to measure the magnet degradation in the CEBAF tunnel enclosure, and extrapolate to the energies expected from the upgrade. We present the latest results of this study, as well as plans moving forward.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Beam results for the new super-conducting booster at Jefferson Lab

The performance results of a new super-conducting booster for the CEBAF injector at Jefferson Lab, could be of interest for other similar electron injectors. A recent addition of this new booster has provided us the ability to achieve a more adiabatic acceleration and therefore an improvement to the beam dynamics and beam brightness. It has also simplified the design and operation of the section of the injector responsible for accelerating the electron beam from a few hundred keV to several MeV (typically 6.7 MeV). The addition of the new booster was part of an upgrade to the CEBAF injector to improve the beam quality for future physics experiments with high sensitivity to beam quality. The booster consists of two cavities: a 2-cell cavity followed by a 7-cell cavity. This combination allows for a wide range of input electron beam energies, from 130 keV to more than 300 keV. In fact, during the last year, the booster was successfully operated with 140,180, and 200 keV input beam energies as the electron gun was being upgraded. This paper describes the new booster, presents beam optics data results from different beam studies, commissioning, and the physics quality beam operation.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2026

Lifetime extension of legacy CEBAF LLRF hardware

A significant portion of the Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) hardware in Jefferson Lab’s CEBAF is from the original construction of the facility using 1980’s CAMAC technology. Of the fifty-three zones in CEBAF, thirty-six of them are legacy hardware. The age of the legacy system has led to difficulties in maintaining the hardware due to parts going obsolete without suitable drop in replacements. Continued operation of the legacy system is required as the installation of LLRF 3.0 systems is costly and cannot be completed in a short period of time with the available resources. The most pressing failure in the legacy system was a failing buffer card, which is responsible for communication between the EPICs network and individual RF control modules. A new buffer card was designed as a transparent, drop in, replacement so that upgrades are simply a matter of swapping the existing legacy hardware. This buffer card upgrades a single point failure component and promises to extend the operable lifetime of CEBAF’s legacy systems.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2026

Multi-GeV FFA beam transport test at CEBAF

Jefferson National Lab plans an upgrade project to reach 22 GeV high polarization electron beam by using Fixed Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) magnets. The utilization of the FFA magnets for 10-22 GeV beam energy range is unexampled, therefore those magnets need an experimental validation before their full installation to form an arc in the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For this reason, JLAB is also considering the design of an FFA magnet test bench, i.e. a half or full FFA cell, that would be deployed in the current CEBAF in order to serve as the highest energy demonstration for the FFA field uniformity, permanent magnet resiliency with the beam as well as enabling beam optics measurements with the 5-11 GeV range highly polarized beams which closely resembles the full energy range of the 22 GeV upgrade. In this report, we present the status of the planned beamline for the FFA beam transport test at CEBAF.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Proton Improvement Plan – II: Overview of Progress in the Construction

The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) project is an essential upgrade to Fermilab’s particle accelerator complex to enable the world’s most intense neutrino beam for LBNF/DUNE and a broad particle physics program for many decades to come. PIP-II will deliver 1.2 MW of proton beam power from the Main Injector, upgradeable to multi-MW capability. The central element of PIP-II is an 800 MeV linac, which comprises a room temperature front end followed by an SRF accelerator. The front end has been constructed and operated with (pulsed & CW) beam in the PIP-II Injector Test facility (PIP2IT). The SRF accelerator consists of five different types of cavities/cryomodules, including Half Wave Resonators (HWR), Single Spoke and elliptical resonators operating at state-of-the-art parameters. The first two PIP-II cryomodules, HWR and Single Spoke Resonator 1 (SSR1) are installed in PIP2IT and have accelerated beam to 17 MeV. PIP-II is the first U.S. accelerator project that will be constructed with significant contributions from international partners, including India, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Poland. The project was recently baselined, and site construction is underway

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

LCLS-II Cryomodules Production Experience and Lessons Learned Towards LCLS-II-HE Project

LCLS-II is an upgrade project for the linear coherent light source (LCLS) at SLAC. The LCLS-II linac consists of thirty-five 1.3 GHz and two 3.9 GHz superconducting RF (SRF) continuous wave (CW) cryomodules with high quality factor cavities. Cryomodules were produced at Fermilab and at Jefferson Lab in collaboration with SLAC. Fermilab successfully completed the assembly, testing and delivery of seventeen 1.3 GHz and three 3.9 GHz cryomodules. LCLS-II-HE is a planned upgrade project to LCLS-II. The LCLS-II-HE linac will consist of twenty-three 1.3 GHz cryomodules with high gradient and high quality factor cavities. This paper presents LCLS-II-HE cryomodule production plans, emphasizing the improvements done based on the challenges, mitigations, and lessons learned from LCLS-II.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

PIP-II Project Overview and Status

The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) project is an essential upgrade to Fermilab’s particle accelerator complex to enable the world’s most intense neutrino beam for LBNF/DUNE and a broad particle physics program for many decades to come. PIP-II will deliver 1.2 MW of proton beam power from the Main Injector, upgradeable to multi-MW capability. The central element of PIP-II is an 800 MeV superconducting radio frequency (SRF) linac, which comprises a room temperature front end followed by an SRF section. The SRF section consists of five different flavors of cavities/cryomodules, including Half Wave Resonators (HWR), Single Spoke and elliptical resonators operating at, or above, state-of-the-art parameters. The first two PIP-II cryomodules, Half Wave Resonator (HWR) and Single Spoke Resonator 1 (SSR1) were installed in the PIP-II Injector Test facility (PIP2IT) and have accelerated beam to above 17 MeV. PIP-II is the first U.S. accelerator project that will be constructed with significant contributions from international partners, including India, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Poland. The project was baselined in April 2022, and the construction phase is underway.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

BEAM ACCELERATION WITH A Nb3Sn CRYOMODULE AT JLAB

We report on the electron beam acceleration experiment with a Nb3Sn cryomodule at Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory (JLAB). Two CEBAF-style 5-cell 1.5 GHz Nb3Sn cavities operated at 4 K, accelerating a 100 nA continuous-wave (CW) electron beam from 200 keV to 4 MeV at JLAB’s Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF). The acceleration gradients in each cavity reached 11 MV/m and 7 MV/m, respectively. No field emission was observed. The unloaded quality factors reached 2¿109 at low fields at 4 K.

Geng, R. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Fa↗
DOE OSTI2022

Towards Digital and Performance-Based Supervisory HVAC Control Delivery

Upgrading supervisory HVAC control in commercial buildings is one of the most attractive decarbonization tools at our disposal. Modern controls are software programs and can in theory be deployed at scale and with a low up-front carbon "pulse". In practice, however, control delivery is a disjointed and inefficient process, dominated by manual handoffs of imprecise English language documents. A particularly high barrier exists between control implementation and building energy modeling (BEM) which results in control sequences typically not being tested for correctness or performance before implementation. Together with industry partners, DOE and the national labs are developing an ecosystem of tools and standards that can support fully digital performance-based control delivery workflows. This paper describes this ecosystem, which consists of three mutually supportive efforts. Semantic models of buildings and their systems enable automatic configuration and installation of control software. Platform-neutral control descriptions separate control algorithms from control platforms and enable the creation of libraries of reference control implementations. Dynamic whole-building energy-control simulation that can execute physically realistic control sequences makes it possible to test and evaluate the performance of control sequences and then directly compile them for installation and execution in control systems. In addition to digitizing and streamlining project-level control delivery, these standards and related software support benchmarking of control algorithms, both rule-based and optimization-based, and help to both advance the state of the art and to implement ratings and programs that encourage the adoption of high-performance control.

building controls↗
DOE OSTI2025

Packages of Distributed Energy Technologies Demonstrating Demand Flexibility at Community Scale

The combination of increased electric load growth across all sectors, deferred electrical infrastructure investment, and other factors resulting in variable electric power supply, has created technical challenges to maintaining a resilient and reliable grid. Many federal, regional, and local efforts are in play to modernize the electric grid, including advancing building technologies and distributed energy resources (DERs) that are utilizing smarter controls to become responsive to both occupant and grid needs. This report reviews ten pilot projects demonstrating how groups of buildings combined with behind-the-meter (BTM) DERs such as electric vehicle (EV) charging, battery storage, flexible HVAC and domestic hot water systems, and photovoltaic systems can reliably and cost effectively provide grid services. Each of the ten pilot projects aim to deliver both energy efficiency and demand flexibility (DF) while supporting load growth. The ten demonstration teams are piloting flexible DER packages across diverse communities of residential and commercial buildings to address a variety of regional grid needs. The outcomes of these pilot projects will be used to inform future scaling through utility program development. This paper characterizes the ten teams, showcasing the decision-making process used by each group to develop their packages (Section 2), the grid services they plan to deliver (Section 3), the types of DER packages selected for deployment within building sectors (Section 4) and trends between building sector, DER types, and grid services In order to achieve community scale benefits, the pilot projects must utilize aggregated control mechanisms for coordinating buildings and DERs together. Several types of coordinated control architectures have evolved amongst the teams, influenced by use type, existing market conditions, and integration type. Three coordinated controls architectures have been characterized, highlighting their use cases, benefits, challenges, and tradeoffs in their design. These insights can aid utilities, control vendors, and developers in scaling community-level energy systems (Paul, 2024). Ultimately, the technology packages selected by the ten teams will be coordinated to provide power system services, also known as grid services. Insights from these demonstrations will be useful for grid operators, regulators, aggregators and other stakeholders as they look to deploy demand flexible resources as grid services in the future. The grid services that each team is targeting for demonstration are described in Section 3 and Section 4. Methods for evaluating the grid services have been described in the paper Metrics for Evaluating Grid Service Provision from Communities of Grid-interactive and Efficient Buildings and other DER (MacDonald, 2023). To identify technology packages for demonstration, Section 2 shows that project teams used a range of analysis approaches, including building energy modeling, AMI data analysis, cost-benefit frameworks, and utility pilot data. Some teams emphasized technical modeling to quantify grid impacts and demand reduction potential, while others prioritized economic evaluations, stakeholder input, or exploratory pilots to inform deployment decisions. This diversity reflects the need to tailor selection methods to project goals, available data, and organizational context. Section 5 discusses trends between the DER technologies deployed and the grid service provisions from each team. Residential buildings (multifamily and single family) lean towards technologies that enhance energy efficiency (e.g. weatherization upgrades, smart thermostats) and onsite power generation integration (e.g. solar PV). Commercial building demonstrations prioritize technologies that ensure operational reliability (e.g. battery storage) and centralized energy management systems and optimization solutions. Teams that are deploying controllable storage-based technologies are more likely to provide grid services that require a near real-time response. Teams incorporating load shifting technologies like smart thermostats with HEMs are likely to include energy markets participation and customer bill management offerings. Campus demonstrations are adopting diverse sets of DERs to emphasize renewable generation, paired with centralized control. This section also describes technologies that were considered during project planning but ultimately excluded from final deployment. These demonstrations reveal that effective DER package design should be tailored to building type, customer segment, and construction vintage. Multifamily buildings benefit from centralized HVAC upgrades and supervisory controls, while single-family homes are well-suited for individualized technologies like solar, storage, and smart home energy monitors. Commercial and campus settings prioritize EMIS integration and load optimization. New construction enables cost-effective integration of DER-ready infrastructure, whereas retrofits require deployments aligned with owner and tenant value streams. For utility program planners, early coordination with developers and building owners, paired with segmented and modular program offerings, can improve adoption, scalability, and grid impact.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeled Retrofit Package Performance for Schools

This report details modeled energy performance and savings from retrofit packages in prototypical school buildings in climate zones throughout the U.S. The information herein serves as a reference for elementary and secondary schools interested in implementing retrofit packages in their facilities for energy savings as well as health and safety benefits. School models developed for simulating package performance differentiated between rural and urban environments. Simulations were run for 10 distinct climate zones covering a range of climate conditions throughout the U.S. Results include savings estimates for electricity, natural gas, CO 2 emissions, and annual utility costs for nine different retrofit packages that combine energy conservation measures, including HVAC controls and equipment upgrades, lighting efficiency upgrades, and electrification technologies such as heat pumps for space conditioning and domestic hot water. Nine additional retrofit packages were also developed for elementary schools and modeled in two climate zones. Appendix B describes the additional retrofit packages and presents savings estimates.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Development of thinned silicon sensors on 8” wafers (CRADA FRA-2015-0015 Final Report)

Sensors fabricated from high resistivity, float zone, silicon material have been the basis of vertex detectors and trackers for the last 30 years. The areas of these devices have increased from a few square cm to >200 m 2 for the existing CMS tracker. CMS and ATLAS upgrades will each require more than 200 m 2 of silicon and the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC) will require more than 600 m 2 . Cost and complexity of assembly of these devices is related to the area of each module, which in turn is set by the area of the silicon sensors. A move from 4” and 6” wafers (the only sizes currently available) to 8” diameter in volume production has the potential for savings of tens of millions of dollars in the detector upgrade programs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future experiments. In addition to large area, the devices must be radiation hard, which can be achieved by the use of sensors thinned to 200 microns or less. The combination of wafer thinning and large wafer diameter is a significant technical challenge, and is the subject of this work.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Physics Division Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2020-2024

The vision of the Physics Division (PHY) at Argonne National Laboratory is to continue enhancing its role as a world-leading institution in basic nuclear physics research and its applications. Key to this vision is for PHY to continue to safely and effectively operate and evolve the capabilities of the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) facility to best serve its users. ATLAS is the Department of Energy (DOE) accelerator facility for low-energy nuclear physics research. The research carried out by PHY covers many themes in contemporary science but can be distilled into five areas of focus. These themes are interconnected, with continuously evolving synergies between the various groups and facilities in PHY and the broader Laboratory. This five-year strategic plan serves to illustrate our current capabilities and new directions related to these five areas of focus (ATLAS also develops an independent strategic plan): Accelerator research and design. The goal of this theme is to design, fabricate, test, and implement novel accelerator systems, with a focus on high-intensity ion and electron systems. These R&D activities have led to enhancements in the ATLAS accelerator system. Among others, the division’s accelerator systems are in use or planned for use at Fermilab, the Advanced Photon Source, and in a broad variety of applications at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Atom trapping and fundamental symmetries. The goal of this theme is to explore and exploit the uses of advanced laser cooling and trapping techniques to manipulate atoms. There are three main areas of focus. First is in the application of the atom trap trace analysis (ATTA) technique for age determination of groundwater and ice by using radio-krypton dating. The next two trapping-based programs involve tests of fundamental symmetries in nature: the cooling and trapping of radium-225 with the aim of determining limits on an observation of its electric dipole moment and precision measurements of the beta decay properties of helium-6 to set limits on the tensor coupling constant. This is complemented by measurements of similar properties in lithium-8 and boron-8. Nuclear astrophysics. The goal of this theme is to enhance our understanding of how elements are created in the universe via explosive nucleosynthesis and how stars evolve. To meet the challenges of this theme, many of the capabilities of ATLAS are being enhanced, including the development of new beams through a new in-flight separator (RAISOR) and the anticipated neutron-generator upgrade of the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade facility (nuCARIBU). These are coupled to state-of-the-art instruments such as the Canadian Penning Trap, Helical Orbit Spectrometer, Gammasphere, GRETINA, Multi-Sampling Ionization Chamber, the Fragment Mass Analyzer, and Argonne Gas-filled Fragment Analyzer, and a new low-background experimental area for decay studies. Nuclear structure. The goal of this theme is to understand the structure of nuclei, both stable and radioactive, in terms of single-particle properties, their shapes, and the dynamics governing reactions between them. These include questions such as what are the limits of nuclear stability and what are the properties of super heavy nuclei. As with the nuclear astrophysics theme, the capabilities of ATLAS, guided by the ATLAS user community, are continuously being enhanced to this end. The Division has strategic initiatives to play a leading role in the development of instrumentation and research programs at the FRIB. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and hadron physics. The goal of this theme is to lead major research programs focused on revealing the quark and gluon structure of protons, neutrons, nuclei, and short-lived mesons and baryons. These involve major programs at Jefferson Lab, Fermilab, and smaller facilities. They are complemented by theoretical endeavors centered on the question of how hadrons and their properties emerge from QCD. Out of these activities arise strategic initiatives to play a major role in the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Preparing Distribution Utilities for Utility-Scale Storage and Electric Vehicles: A Novel Analytical Framework

Emerging distributed energy resources (DERs)—such as solar photovoltaics (PV), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs)—are expected to increase substantially in India in the coming years following policy-driven targets of the Government of India to modernize its electricity system, reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), and improve air quality. These emerging technologies can pose challenges to distribution utilities, forcing overhauls in planning and operational practices. They can also create challenges in power system infrastructure planning and cause more frequent system operational violations (e.g., network voltage bounds and loading thresholds) if not properly integrated. The impacts on the localized power distribution grid from these emerging technologies manifest in increased infrastructure investments and erratic shifts in demand patterns. These impacts are not yet well understood, and analytic solutions are not readily available. To address these challenges, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in collaboration with BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd. (BRPL), developed an advanced power distribution system impact analysis framework of BRPL’s distribution system. This framework helps analyze the readiness of the power distribution network to accommodate emerging technologies and the potential opportunities they might introduce. The framework has been predominantly set up to evaluate distributed PV, BESS, and EVs. In this collaboration between NREL and BRPL, we developed and evaluated the framework on two distribution feeders in the BRPL territory for various scenarios of BESS and EVs. BESS are evaluated for their effectiveness on the grid to mitigate present and future feeder overloading scenarios, and they are subsequently analyzed for their costs compared to the costs of traditional upgradation measures. Scenarios include assessing the effects of EV density on grid infrastructure upgrades and interlinking EV management with BESS integration.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sampling and Analysis Plan for TRU Liquid Waste Facility Soil

The Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility Upgrade Project (RLWTF-UP) will relocate, upgrade, and consolidate existing treatment capabilities that are currently housed in the Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility (RLWTF) at Technical Area 50, Building 001 (TA-50-001).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Accelerator physics at NSLS-II: research accomplishments in 2020

NSLS-II accelerator physicists provide scientific support for user operations, as well as for improvements and developments of the accelerator systems. This work includes optimization of the NSLS-II performance with high beam current and low vertical emittance, improvement of the beam stability, development of new software tools for operations and beam studies. The accelerator physicists productively worked on a number of research activities such as the conceptual design of NSLS-II accelerator upgrade; design and optimization of advanced low-emittance lattices; development of novel methods to study nonlinear beam dynamics; ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy. The physicists also contributed to the BNL electron-ion collider project, to the APS and ALS upgrade projects. Research accomplishments achieved in 2020, are summarized in this report.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗