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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

Representation of magnetic fields in space

Several mathematical methods which are available for the description of magnetic fields in space are reviewed. Examples of the application of such methods are given, with particular emphasis on work related to the geomagnetic field, and their individual properties and associated problems are described. The methods are grouped in five main classes: (1) methods based on the current density, (2) methods using the scalar magnetic potential, (3) toroidal and poloidal components of the field and spherical vector harmonics, (4) Euler potentials, and (5) local expansions of the field near a given reference point. Special attention is devoted to models of the magnetosphere, to the uniqueness of the scalar potential as derived from observed data, and to the L parameter.

Stern, D. P.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The relationship between the galactic matter distribution, cosmic-ray dynamics, and gamma-ray production

The concept that cosmic-ray density is related to the matter to which cosmic rays are dynamically coupled through magnetic fields on the scale of galactic arm segments is considered with specific reference to gamma-ray astronomy. A model of the galactic-matter and cosmic-ray distributions is developed on the basis of 21-cm radio surveys and recent observations of the 2.6-mm CO emission line by assuming that cosmic rays are galactic in origin, their column density is proportional to the total interstellar-gas column density, their scale height is considerably larger than that of the matter, and the Galaxy is a spiral with an arm/interarm density ratio of about 3 to 1. It is found that there is a good correlation between the observed gamma-ray intensity and that predicted on the basis of essentially complete coupling of cosmic rays to the best estimate of atomic and molecular hydrogen in the Galaxy. Individual maxima observed in gamma-radiation from the central region of the Galaxy are shown to be well correlated with those predicted to result from certain spiral-arm tangents if all the matter is assumed to be modulated in a particular spiral-arm segment pattern.

Kniffen, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Effects of granular convection in the response of C I 5380 A to solar luminosity variations

The response of the weak solar photospheric neutral carbon line at 5380.3 A to percolations of photospheric granulation and the five-minute solar oscillations is investigated in order to calibrate the sensitivity of the line to temporal variations in solar luminosity. Line strength variations and simultaneous continuum variations in two granular regions were observed at 30 sec intervals using a 25-cm coude spectrograph. The response of line equivalent width to continuum intensity variations is found to be essentially uniform at time scales ranging from 5 min to 2 hr independently of whether the variations arise from granular convection or velocity field oscillations. The extent to which line strength varies with luminosity (sensitivity) is observed to be significantly smaller than estimates based on models of the perturbed Harvard-Smithsonian Reference Atmosphere of Gingerich et al. (1970), and it is proposed that the structure of the solar granulation is a major factor determining local luminosity variations and line sensitivity.

Lindsey, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Two-dimensional model studies of the effect of supersonic aircraft operations on the stratospheric ozone content

For a fleet of 250 aircraft, the change in the ozone column is predicted to be very close to zero; in fact, the ozone overburden may actually increase as a result of show that above 25 to 30 km the ozone abundance decreases via catalytic destruction, but at lower heights it increases, mainly as a result of coupling with odd hydrogen species. Water vapor released in the engine exhaust is predicted to cause ozone decreases; for the hypothetical engines used in the study, the total column ozone changes due to water vapor emission largely offset the predicted ozone increases due to NOx emission. The actual effect of water vapor may be less than calculated because present models do not include thermal feedback. Feedback refers to the cooling effect of additional water vapor that would tend to slow the NOx reactions which destroy ozone.

Whitten, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

NASTRAN user's guide (Level 17.5)

The user's guide is a handbook for engineers and analysts who use the NASTRAN finite element computer program supplements the NASTRAN Theoretical Manual (NASA SP-221), the NASTRAN User's Manual (NASA SP-222), the NASTRAN Programmer's Manual (NASA SP-223), and the NASTRAN Demonstration Program Manual (NASA SP-224). It provides modeling hints, attributes of the program, and references to the four manuals listed.

Field, E. I.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Integrated energy management study. Energy efficient transport program

The Integrated Energy Management (IEM) Study investigated the practicality and feasibility of a closed-loop energy management system for transport aircraft. The study involved: (1) instrumentation and collection of in-flight data for a United Airlines 727-200 flying 80 revenue flights throughout the United Airlines network,(2) analysis of the in-flight data to select representative city pairs and establish operational procedures employed in flying a reference flight profile, (3) simulation of the reference profile in a fast-time model to verify the model and establish performance values against which to measure IEM benefits, (4) development of IEM algorithms, and (5) assessment of the IEM concept.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1982

Minimum silicon wafer thickness for ID wafering

An analytical model, based on fracture mechanics analysis, is proposed for estimating the minimum wafer thickness as a function of the diameter requirement for solar cells. The conditions under which the model can be applied are discussed with reference to the critical flaw size, the applied force, and the width of the side support. It is shown that the equivalent cantilever force applied during ID slicing can be estimated from the wafering mechanical yield data. The width of the wafer side support was found to be a significant factor in controlling the minimum allowable wafer thickness during slicing. Wafer side support width requirements were found to increase with decreasing wafer thickness.

Chen, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Hardware schemes for fast Fourier transform, part 7.4A

Real-time fast fourier transformer (FFT) processing of a MST radar data and cost-effective approaches to hardware FFT generation were studied. Previously devised hardware FFT configurations are described including the estimated number of chips used and the time required to perform a 1024-point FFT. The remaining entries in the table correspond to original designs, which presuppose the availability of a microcomputer and a modestly complicated hardware peripheral. These original designs, all of which implement a radix-4 FFT with twiddle factors, are assigned model numbers to make them easier to refer to.

Stitt, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Particle behavior in the magnetosphere

The Rice Convection Model deals with large-scale processes in the earth's inner and middle magnetosphere, including coupling to the ionosphere. Starting from appropriate initial and boundary conditions, the model computes the following physical parameters: ionospheric electric fields and currents; magnetospheric particle distributions, electric fields, and electric currents; and magnetic-field-aligned (Birkeland) currents connecting the two regions. This paper evaluates work on the model, with emphasis on the assumptions made, the basic equations, and the numerical methods. The theoretical basis of the model is compared and contrasted with standard magnetohydrodynamics. The limitations imposed by the major assumptions are discussed. Model inputs and boundary conditions are listed, and the methods of specifying them discussed. Some physical conclusions and insights that have been gained from the model are listed and described very briefly. References are given to published discussions of the major points of physics.

Wolf, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Inevitable inflation in Einstein-Cartan theory with improved energy-momentum tensor with spin

Generalized, or power-law, inflation is shown to necessarily exist for a simple, anisotropic, (Bianchi Type-1) cosmology in the Einstein-Cartan gravitational theory with the Ray-Smalley improved energy momentum tensor with spin. Formal solution of the EC field equations with the fluid equations of motion explicitly shows inflation caused by the RS spin angular kinetic energy density. Shear is not effective in preventing inflation in the ECRS model. The relation between fluid vorticity, torsion, reference axis rotation, and shear ellipsoid precession shows through clearly.

Fennelly, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Recovery of a geocentric reference frame using the present-day GPS system

A geocentric reference frame adopts the center of mass of the earth as the origin of the coordinate axes. The center of mass of the earth is the natural and unambiguous origin of a geocentric satellite dynamical system. But in practice a kinematically obtained terrestrial reference frame may assume an origin other than the geocenter. The establishment of a geocentric reference frame, to which all relevant observations and results can be referred and in which geodynamic theories or models for the dynamic behavior of earth can be formulated, requires the ability to accurately recover a given coordinate frame origin offset from the geocenter. GPS measurements, because of their abundance and broad distribution, provide a powerful tool to obtain this origin offset in a short period of time. Two effective strategies have been devised. Data from the First Central And South America (Casa Uno) geodynamics experiment has been studied, in order to demonstrate the ability of recovering the geocenter location with present day GPS satellites and receivers.

Malla, Rajendra P.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Control and dynamics of a flexible spacecraft during stationkeeping maneuvers

A case study of a spacecraft having flexible solar arrays is presented. A stationkeeping attitude control mode using both earth and rate gyro reference signals and a flexible vehicle dynamics modeling and implementation is discussed. The control system is designed to achieve both pointing accuracy and structural mode stability during stationkeeping maneuvers. Reduction of structural mode interactions over the entire mode duration is presented. The control mode using a discrete time observer structure is described to show the convergence of the spacecraft attitude transients during Delta-V thrusting maneuvers without preloading thrusting bias to the onboard control processor. The simulation performance using the three axis, body stabilized nonlinear dynamics is provided. The details of a five body dynamics model are discussed. The spacecraft is modeled as a central rigid body having cantilevered flexible antennas, a pair of flexible articulated solar arrays, and to gimballed momentum wheels. The vehicle is free to undergo unrestricted rotations and translations relative to inertial space. A direct implementation of the equations of motion is compared to an indirect implementation that uses a symbolic manipulation software to generate rigid body equations.

Liu, D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Energetics diagnosis of numerical simulation of atmospheric blocking

A series of systematic comprehensive diagnoses of Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) General Circulation Model (GCM) simulation experiments was performed in reference to predictability and energetics of the Northern Hemisphere blocking circulation. The simulation experiments were performed. The following subject areas are also covered: an analysis of simulated summer blocking episodes; energetics examination of winter blocking simulations in the Northern Hemisphere; normal mode energetic and error analysis of GLA GCM simulations with the different horizontal resolutions during a winter month; and simulations of winter blocking episodes using observed sea surface temperatures.

Kung, Ernest C.↗
NASA NTRS1992

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version D code for scattering from frequency-dependent dielectric and magnetic materials

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code version D is a 3-D numerical electromagnetic scattering code based upon the finite difference time domain technique (FDTD). The manual provides a description of the code and corresponding results for several scattering problems. The manual is organized into 14 sections: introduction; description of the FDTD method; operation; resource requirements; version D code capabilities; a brief description of the default scattering geometry; a brief description of each subroutine; a description of the include file; a section briefly discussing Radar Cross Section computations; a section discussing some scattering results; a sample problem setup section; a new problem checklist; references and figure titles. The FDTD technique models transient electromagnetic scattering and interactions with objects of arbitrary shape and/or material composition. In the FDTD method, Maxwell's curl equations are discretized in time-space and all derivatives (temporal and spatial) are approximated by central differences.

Beggs, John H.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Summary of HEAT 1 Aeroacoustics Installation Effects

A critical part of the NASA High-Speed Research (HSR) program is the demonstration of satisfactory suppression of the jet noise present at low airspeeds. One scheme for reducing jet exhaust noise generated by a future High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) is the use of a mixer/ ejector system which would entrain large quantities of ambient air into the exhaust flow from the powerplant in order to cool and slow the jet exhaust before it leaves the tailpipe. Of the variety of factors which can affect the noise suppression characteristics of the mixer/ejector system, the influence of the wing flow field and high-lift devices is not well understood. The effectiveness of the noise suppression device must be evaluated in the presence of the wing/high-lift system before definitive assessments can be made concerning HSCT noise. Of nearly equal importance is the evaluation of the performance of the high-lift system(s) in the presence of realistic propulsion units which feature high ambient flow entrainment rates and jet thrust coefficients. These noise suppressors must provide the required acoustic attenuation while not overly degrading the thrust efficiency of the propulsion system or the lift enhancement of the high-lift devices on the wing. The overall objective of the NASA High-lift Engine Aeroacoustics Technology program is to demonstrate satisfactory interaction between the jet noise suppressor and the high-lift system at airspeeds and angles of attack consistent with takeoff, climb, approach, and landing. In support of this program, an isolated aeroacoustic test of a 13.5%-scale, candidate mixer/ejector nozzle was performed in the Ames' Research Center 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel. The purpose of the test was to measure the baseline aeroacoustic performance characteristics of this nozzle in isolation from the aerodynamic flowfield induced by an HSCT airframe. The test documented the acoustic signature of the nozzles with treated and hardwall ejector surfaces and with changes in the ratio of ejector-duct-to-jet-area over a wide range range of nozzle pressure ratios and freestream Mach numbers. The test also measured the thrust performance, ambient-flow aspiration ratio, and internal and external static pressures on the nozzles. The isolated aeroacoustic performance data has been compared with results obtained with this nozzle installed on a 13.5% Boeing Reference H HSCT configuration, semi-span model. The semi-span, aeroacoustics integration test documented the first-order effects of the airframe flowfield on the acoustic performance of the nozzle and the effect of the nozzle secondary inlet flows on the aerodynamic performance of the wing high-lift systems. This investigation is critical to understanding the mutual installation effects of mixer/ejector nozzles and wing high-lift systems.

Smith, Brian E.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Isotopic Studies of Shergottite Y980459 and a Petrogenetic Link Between Depleted Shergottites and Nakhlites

Y980459 was found near the Minami-Yamato Nunataks, Antarctica in 1998 and was recently classified as an olivine-bearing shergottite. It petrographically resembles many other olivine-phyric shergottites mostly found in hot deserts, e.g. DaG476/489, SaU005/094, Dohfar 019, NWA 1068/1110, NWA 1195 and EETA 79001 lith.A. However, Y980459 is unique among these meteorites in several respects. It is apparently very fresh and only weakly shocked. Also, it completely lacks plagioclase, but contains abundant residual volcanic glass. This group of olivine-phyric shergottites is characterized by variable crystallization ages from approx.172 Ma to approx.575 Ma and ejection ages from approx.1 Ma to approx.20 Ma. They probably represent volcanic melts originated from the deep Martian mantle. We performed Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses on Y980459 to determine its crystallization age and compared its age and isotopic signatures with those obtained from other olivine-phyric shergottites and QUE 94201, the other Antarctic olivine-free shergottite. QUE 94201 and some olivine-phyric shergottites e.g. DaG, SaU, Doh and EETA lith A have similar depleted-LREE patterns and are herein referred to as depleted shergottites. A petrogenetic model correlating depleted shergottites and nakhlites is also proposed. Preliminary Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data for Y980459 were presented earlier at the NIPR, Japan, in 2003.

Shih, C.-Y.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Grid Enabled Geospatial Catalogue Web Service

Geospatial Catalogue Web Service is a vital service for sharing and interoperating volumes of distributed heterogeneous geospatial resources, such as data, services, applications, and their replicas over the web. Based on the Grid technology and the Open Geospatial Consortium (0GC) s Catalogue Service - Web Information Model, this paper proposes a new information model for Geospatial Catalogue Web Service, named as GCWS which can securely provides Grid-based publishing, managing and querying geospatial data and services, and the transparent access to the replica data and related services under the Grid environment. This information model integrates the information model of the Grid Replica Location Service (RLS)/Monitoring & Discovery Service (MDS) with the information model of OGC Catalogue Service (CSW), and refers to the geospatial data metadata standards from IS0 19115, FGDC and NASA EOS Core System and service metadata standards from IS0 191 19 to extend itself for expressing geospatial resources. Using GCWS, any valid geospatial user, who belongs to an authorized Virtual Organization (VO), can securely publish and manage geospatial resources, especially query on-demand data in the virtual community and get back it through the data-related services which provide functions such as subsetting, reformatting, reprojection etc. This work facilitates the geospatial resources sharing and interoperating under the Grid environment, and implements geospatial resources Grid enabled and Grid technologies geospatial enabled. It 2!so makes researcher to focus on science, 2nd not cn issues with computing ability, data locztic~, processir,g and management. GCWS also is a key component for workflow-based virtual geospatial data producing.

Chen, Ai-Jun↗
NASA NTRS2007

Orion Passive Thermal Control Overview

An viewgraph presentation of Orion's passive thermal control system is shown. The topics include: 1) Orion in CxP Hierarchy; 2) General Orion Description/Orientation; 3) Module Descriptions and Images; 4) Orion PTCS Overview; 5) Requirements/Interfaces; 6) Design Reference Missions; 7) Natural Environments; 8) Thermal Models; 9) Challenges/Issues; and 10) Testing

Miller, Stephen W.↗