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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Multicolor generation using silicon nanodisk absorber

A multicolored matrix that spans the visible range was demonstrated by using silicon nanodisk arrays. A nanostructured silicon substrate, which featured periodic silicon nanodisk arrays of various diameters, inter-nanodisk distances, and heights, was fabricated using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. These silicon nanodisks were able to support HE{sub 1m} leaky modes, which depended on the diameter of the nanodisks, resulting in wavelength-dependent reflection spectra. The resonant wavelength redshifted linearly with the increasing nanodisk diameter. The output color lay in the visible range and was observed to be tunable when varying the diameter, interdistance, and height. The results of finite-difference time-domain simulations exhibited close agreement with the observed optical properties of the periodic silicon nanodisk arrays.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Monophasic zircon-type tetragonal Eu{sub 1−x}Bi{sub x}VO{sub 4} solid-solution: synthesis, characterization, and optical properties

Highlights: • Complete Eu{sub 1−x}Bi{sub x}VO{sub 4} with zircon-type structure was successfully synthesized. • The band gap of the samples could be adjusted and controlled by bismuth content. • Eu{sub 1−x}Bi{sub x}VO{sub 4} show strong red emission under both near UV and visible-light excitation. - Abstract: By combining the methods of co-precipitation and hydrothermal synthesis methods, the complete solid-solution of Eu{sub 1−x}Bi{sub x}VO{sub 4} with monophasic zircon-type structure was successfully synthesized. The zircon-type structure was determined by X-ray diffractometer and Raman scattering, and the optical properties were characterized by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the band gap of Eu{sub 1−x}Bi{sub x}VO{sub 4} could be adjusted and controlled by bismuth content in the range of x = 0–0.9. Meanwhile, the Eu{sub 1−x}Bi{sub x}VO{sub 4} solid-solution phosphors show strong red light emission was shown in 619 nm under both near UV-light and visible-light excitation. Notably, the emission intensity of Eu{sub 1−x}Bi{sub x}VO{sub 4} (x = 0.4) is the strongest in all samples.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

THE STAR-FORMING HISTORIES OF THE NUCLEUS, BULGE, AND INNER DISK OF NGC 5102: CLUES TO THE EVOLUTION OF A NEARBY LENTICULAR GALAXY {sup ,} {sup ,}

Long slit spectra recorded with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on Gemini South are used to examine the star-forming history (SFH) of the lenticular galaxy NGC 5102. Structural and supplemental photometric information are obtained from archival Spitzer [3.6] images. Absorption features at blue and visible wavelengths are traced out along the minor axis to galactocentric radii ∼60 arcsec (∼0.9 kpc), sampling the nucleus, bulge, and disk components. Comparisons with model spectra point to luminosity-weighted metallicities that are consistent with the colors of resolved red giant branch stars in the disk. The nucleus has a luminosity-weighted age at visible wavelengths of ∼1{sub −0.1}{sup +0.2} Gyr, and the integrated light is dominated by stars that formed over a time period of only a few hundred Myr. For comparison, the luminosity-weighted ages of the bulge and disk are ∼2{sub −0.2}{sup +0.5} Gyr and 10{sub −2}{sup +2} Gyr, respectively. The g' – [3.6] colors of the nucleus and bulge are consistent with the spectroscopically based ages. In contrast to the nucleus, models that assume star-forming activity spanning many Gyr provide a better match to the spectra of the bulge and disk than simple stellar population models. Isophotes in the bulge have a disky shape, hinting that the bulge was assembled from material with significant rotational support. The SFHs of the bulge and disk are consistent with the bulge forming from the collapse of a long-lived bar, rather than from the collapse of a transient structure that formed as the result of a tidal interaction. It is thus suggested that the progenitor of NGC 5102 was a barred disk galaxy that morphed into a lenticular galaxy through the buckling of its bar.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

One-color (212–220 nm) resonantly-enhanced (S 1 –S 0 ) multi-photon dissociation of acetylene

One-color (212–220 nm) multi-photon dissociation of acetylene, resonantly enhanced at the one-photon level by the acetylene S 1 –S 0 transition, offers rise to strong photofragment fluorescence signals in the visible and near UV regions. The photofragment fluorescence detection scheme has been applied to obtain rotationally-resolved action-spectra of predissociated S 1 acetylene levels near 47,000 cm -1 . Here, fluorescence signals from the photofragments, generated via individual intermediate S 1 rovibrational levels, are studied in detail, in both flowing gas cell and supersonic jet conditions. In the flow cell setup ( ~ 1 Torr), dispersed fluorescence (DF) spectra of the photofragments are obtained. For all three S 1 levels used in the DF experiment (rotational levels of the trans 3 4 , trans 3 5 , and cis 3 1 6 1 vibrational states), we observe C 2 Swan band ( d 3 Π g - a 3 Π u ) and C 2 Deslandres-d’Azambuja band ( C 1 Π g - A 1 Π u ) emissions. In the supersonic jet setup (collision-free), fluorescence time-traces at selected wavelength regions are analyzed. In addition to the two C 2 emission bands, we observe a long-lived ( > 3 μ s) visible fluorescence signal, which is likely due to emission from C 2 H fragments. Based on our analysis of the DF spectra and the fluorescence time-traces obtained in the supersonic jet apparatus, we propose that the long-lived C 2 H species is generated by one-photon photodissociation of S 1 acetylene, and an additional photon photolyzes the C 2 H fragment into the C 2 C and d states.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural, optical, hyperfine and magnetization studies of ZnO encapsulated α-Fe nanoparticles

We report the successful preparation and characterization of magnetic-fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) by overcoming the difficulty of handling α-Fe nanoparticles that are less stable and have high affinity to get oxidized in air even at room temperature. Nanocrystalline α-Fe particles embedded by ZnO have been synthesized by a two step chemical route. Concentration of α-Fe has been varied as 15, 30 and 50 wt% of the sample. Detailed investigations on structural, hyperfine, optical and magnetic characteristics have been carried out. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies have been used to confirm the coexistence of Fe and ZnO phases in the nanocomposites (NCs). The presence of α-Fe is also confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. However, other forms of iron are also detected in the sample. UV–vis spectrum of nanocomposites shows a red shift with respect to the pristine ZnO which is attributed to the electron transfer between Fe and ZnO that provides support to the formation of the Fe- ZnO NC. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Fe-ZnO nanocomposites exhibit blue shift of the UV and weaker visible emission lines compared to the pristine ZnO. Nanocomposites are found to be magnetically soft having high saturation magnetization with very low remanence. Low temperature coercivity enhancement due to freezing of uncompensated surface spins is also found in all samples.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Identification of Common Types of Plastics by Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and Polystyrene (PS) account for most plastic use worldwide, with production nearing 380 million tons annually. A considerable portion enters municipal solid waste and landfills, creating long-term environmental concerns. Scaling recycling operations requires automated sorting technologies, with spectroscopy and machine learning offering promising solutions. In this study, a six-class convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed for plastic identification using vibrational spectroscopies. Raman Scattering (RS) spectra collected from recycling samples enabled accurate chemical differentiation while assessing the influence of visible features such as color. A CNN trained on RS data achieved 100% classification accuracy. To strengthen field applicability, Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was incorporated, achieving 95% accuracy with a similar CNN model. These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating spectroscopy with deep learning for reliable plastic classification, advancing development of scalable, field-ready recycling technologies.

Garcia Tovar, Maria P.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of plutonium tetrafluoride

Anhydrous plutonium tetrafluoride is an important intermediate in the production of metallic Pu. This historically important compound is also known to exist in at least two distinct, yet understudied hydrate forms, PuF 4 ·xH 2 O(s) (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 2) and PuF 4 ·2.5H 2 O(s). X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are the most common tools used to characterize these materials, often in a context for studying structural and morphological changes that arise from aging or calcination. However, fundamental electronic and vibrational spectroscopic information is rather scarce. Here, in this study, we measured the visible and shortwave infrared (SWIR) diffuse reflectance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence and Raman spectra of PuF 4 (s) and PuF 4 ·xH 2 O(s) to obtain a better electronic and vibrational fingerprint. Our work provides clear indication of the polymeric structure of anhydrous PuF 4 , consistent with the Raman spectrum of UF 4 (s) and its hydrates. This is supplemented with XRD, TGA and SEM analysis. Findings in this study indicate that the spectra are modified by particle size, which in turn is influenced by synthetic technique.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Enhanced light scattering in Si nanostructures produced by pulsed laser irradiation

An innovative method for Si nanostructures (NS) fabrication is proposed, through nanosecond laser irradiation (λ = 532 nm) of thin Si film (120 nm) on quartz. Varying the laser energy fluences (425–1130 mJ/cm{sup 2}) distinct morphologies of Si NS appear, going from interconnected structures to isolated clusters. Film breaking occurs through a laser-induced dewetting process. Raman scattering is enhanced in all the obtained Si NS, with the largest enhancement in interconnected Si structures, pointing out an increased trapping of light due to multiple scattering. The reported method is fast, scalable and cheap, and can be applied for light management in photovoltaics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Comment on “Competition between coherent emission and broadband spontaneous emission in the quantum free electron laser” [Phys. Plasmas 20, 033106 (2013)]

We point out that in the equation for the electron distribution evolution during Thomson/Compton or undulator radiation used in the paper: “Competition between coherent emission and broadband spontaneous emission in the quantum free electron laser” by G. R. M. Robb and R. Bonifacio [Phys. Plasmas 20, 033106 (2013)], the weight function should be the distribution of the number of emitted photons and not the photon energy distribution. Nevertheless, the considerations expressed in this comment do not alter the conclusions drawn in the paper in object.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Ca{sub 3}B{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Tb{sup 3+} nanophosphors

The green light emitting Tb{sup 3+} doped Ca{sub 3}B{sub 2}O{sub 6} nanophosphors have been synthesized by combustion method at 600°C, and their luminescent properties have been studied. The formation of phosphors has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show four emission peaks at 491 nm, 544 nm, 587 and 621 nm. It exhibited a strong green emission located at 544 nm. The effect of different dopant concentrations on emission intensity has also been studied. The maximum photo emission intensity of the Ca{sub 3}B{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Tb{sup 3+} was obtained at a dopant concentration of 1.5 mol% of Tb{sup 3+}.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Near-infrared electroluminescence and photo detection in InGaAs p-i-n microdisks grown by selective area growth on silicon

Microselective-area growth of p-i-n InGaAs disks on (111) silicon by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is a promising technology for III/V-on-Si integration. As a proof-of-concept, room-temperature electroluminescence is reported from ensembles of p-i-n InGaAs-on-Si micro-disks. The observed spectrum shows peak luminescence at 1.78 μm with a local maxima at 1.65 μm. The disks are also shown to generate a measurable photo current when illuminated by infrared light with less energy than the silicon bandgap energy. This makes these InGaAs-on-Si disks a promising technology for monolithic integration of light sources and detectors with silicon photonics and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electronics for optical communication, sensing, and imaging.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Photoluminescence and photothermal effect of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles for medical imaging and therapy

Photoluminescence (PL) of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticle was observed from the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range by laser irradiation at 407 nm. PL spectra of ∼10 nm diameter Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles organized in different spatial configuration, showed characteristic emissions with a major peak near 560 nm, and two weak peaks near 690 nm and 840 nm. Different band gap energies were determined for these Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticle samples corresponding to, respectively, the electron band structures of the octahedral site (2.2 eV) and the tetrahedral site (0.9 eV). Photothermal effect of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles was found to be associated with the photoluminescence emissions in the NIR range. Also discussed is the mechanism responsible for the photothermal effect of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles in medical therapy.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structure and spectroscopic properties of ruthenium(II) bipyridyl N-benzoyl-N'-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-Yl)-thiourea

Ruthenium bipyridyl incorporating phenanthroline with thiourea molecules, [Ru(bpy){sub 2}(Phen-BT)](PF{sub 6}){sub 2}], has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The infrared spectra of the complex shows the characteristics stretching frequencies for N-H at 3646 and 3585 cm{sup −1}, ν(C-N){sub phen} 1426 cm{sup −1}, ν(C=O) 1675 cm{sup −1}, ν(C=S) 1246 cm{sup −1}, ν(C-H){sub aromatic} 3353-3086 cm{sup −1}, ν(C-N){sub aliphatic} 1169-1026 cm{sup −1}, ν(C-H){sub bend} 764 cm{sup −1} and ν(PF{sub 6}{sup −}){sub free} 842 cm{sup −1}. The complex reveals two π→π* absorption bands at 237 (ε=26,302) and 286 nm (ε=36,848), which were assigned to the phenanthroline and bipyridyl moieties, respectively. A slightly broad and low energy band in the UV-vis spectrum at 450 nm (ε=7,209) of the complex was assigned to a MLCT transition. Besides, the complex also exhibits an emission band at 615 nm that arises from an excitation with a 440 nm light energy. The cyclic voltammetry of the complex shows an oxidation potential at +1.305 V vs. SCE that corresponds to the formal oxidation of Ru(II) to Ru(III)

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Quasi-cw 808-nm 300-W laser diode arrays

Samples of 808-nm quasi-cw laser diode arrays (LDAs) with an output power exceeding 300 W, a pulse duration of 200 μs, and a pulse repetition rate of 100 Hz are developed and fabricated. The main output parameters of a set of five LDAs, including light – current characteristics, current – voltage characteristics, and emission spectra are measured. Preliminary life tests show that the LDA power remains stable for 10{sup 8} pulses. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Broadband tunable source of mid-IR laser radiation for photoacoustic spectroscopy

Control over volatile products of metabolic processes in human body in exhaled air is a promising method for noninvasive medical diagnostics. The mid-IR range (2–12 μm) is of great interest for diagnostic applications of the exhaled air spectral analysis. Laser optoacoustic spectroscopy is quite attractive for detecting a large set of gaseous substances; however, high-power sources of tunable radiation are required to increase the method sensitivity. We consider the possibility of using a parametric light generator based on a BaGa{sub 4}Se{sub 7} crystal as a broadband tunable mid-IR laser source for laser optoacoustic spectroscopy. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

SIGNS OF ACCRETION IN THE ABUNDANCE PATTERNS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE RS CVn-TYPE ECLIPSING BINARY STAR LX PERSEI

We present spectroscopic observations of LX Per carried out using the Korean Bohyunsan Observatory Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) with spectral resolving power R = 80, 000. The spectrograph was attached to the 1.8 m telescope. The fit of synthetic spectra to the observed spectrum of the system allowed us to find the component parameters and the abundances of chemical elements in the atmospheres of the components. The strong Ca II H and K emissions are confirmed; we also found emission lines in the Ca II reversals' triplet absorptions at the wavelengths of 8498, 8542, and 8662 A in the spectrum of the cooler component of LX Per. A unique photometric solution using the distorted light curves of three different epochs was made. The spot model light curves were fitted to the 1981, 1982, and 1983 observations successfully by adjusting only spot parameters. We could infer that the variation of spot location and size was the main reason for the changing shape of light curves. The main feature of the abundance patterns of both components was the apparent deficiency of heavy (Z > 30) elements. Only elements with strong lines, namely Y and Ba, were detected. Correlations of relative abundances of chemical elements with condensation temperatures and second ionization potentials of these elements, which can be explained by the accretion of dust and gas, were found.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The velocity dispersion profile of NGC 6388 from resolved-star spectroscopy: No evidence of a central cusp and new constraints on the black hole mass

By combining high spatial resolution and wide-field spectroscopy performed, respectively, with SINFONI and FLAMES at the ESO/VLT we measured the radial velocities of more than 600 stars in the direction of NGC 6388, a Galactic globular cluster which is suspected to host an intermediate-mass black hole. Approximately 55% of the observed targets turned out to be cluster members. The cluster velocity dispersion has been derived from the radial velocity of individual stars: 52 measurements in the innermost 2'', and 276 stars located between 18'' and 600''. The velocity dispersion profile shows a central value of ∼13 km s{sup –1}, a flat behavior out to ∼60'' and a decreasing trend outward. The comparison with spherical and isotropic models shows that the observed density and velocity dispersion profiles are inconsistent with the presence of a central black hole more massive than ∼2000 M {sub ☉}. These findings are at odds with recent results obtained from integrated light spectra, showing a velocity dispersion profile with a steep central cusp of 23-25 km s{sup –1} at r < 2'' and suggesting the presence of a black hole with a mass of ∼1.7 × 10{sup 4} M {sub ☉}. We also found some evidence of systemic rotation with amplitude A {sub rot} ∼ 8 km s{sup –1} in the innermost 2'' (0.13 pc), decreasing to A {sub rot} = 3.2 km s{sup –1} at 18'' < r < 160''.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗