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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1998

ISO Key Project: Exploring the full range of QUASAR/AGN properties

The PIA (PHOT Interactive Analysis) software was upgraded as new releases were made available by VILSPA. We have continued to analyze our data but, given the large number of still outstanding problems with the calibration and analysis (listed below), we remain unable to move forward on our scientific program. We have concentrated on observations with long (256 sec) exposure times to avoid the most extreme detector responsivity drift problems which occur with a change in observed flux level, ie. as one begins to observe a new target. There remain a significant number of problems with analyzing these data including: (1) the default calibration source (FCS) observations early in the mission were too short and affected by strong detector responsivity drifts; (2) the calibration of the FCS sources is not yet well-understood, particularly for chopped observations (which includes most of ours); (3) the detector responsivity drift is not well-understood and models are only now becoming available for fitting chopped data; (4) charged particle hits on the detector cause transient responsivity drifts which need to be corrected; (5) the "flat-field" calibration of the long-wavelength (array) detectors: C1OO, C200 leaves significant residual structure and so needs to be improved;(6) the vignetting correction, which affects detected flux levels in the array detectors, is not yet available; (7) the intra-filter calibrations are not yet available; and (8) the background above 60 microns has a significant gradient which results in spurious positive and negative "detections" in chopped observations. ISO Observation planning, conferences and talks, ground based observing and other grant related activities are also briefly discussed.

Wilkes, B.↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Origins of Matter on Near-Exascale Supercomputing

This LDRD addressed one of the central questions in physics today: the lack of antimatter relative to matter in the universe. If antimatter and matter existed in equal amounts they would have annihilated into radiation and we would not exist today. DOE is funding experiments to investigate processes that could lead to lepton number violation and the resulting neutrino-less double beta decay (0nbb) signal that may be observed (lepton number is a property of elementary particles similar to electric charge and lepton number violation would explain the matter-antimatter imbalance). However, even if the 0nbb decay is detected in these experiments, the physics mechanism that violates lepton number would not be known, as there are several candidates. Determining the appropriate mechanism from the experimental data requires theoretical calculations. Theoretical effort in the field has focused on long-range 0nbb decay mechanisms associated with the exchange of light neutrinos between two nucleons. An equally important set of mechanisms are associated with the exchange of heavy particles and short-range physics, including the exchange of massive Majorana neutrinos. Calculating the event rate for 0nbb decays for candidate theories involving heavy particle exchange requires large-scale Lattice simulations of the underlying fundamental theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We have performed these simulations on the LLNL supercomputers and have calculated the necessary matrix elements of short-range operators that arise from the exchange of heavy mediators that contribute to 0nbb decay via the leading pion exchange diagrams. Our published results can now be used as input to effective field theory calculations to calculate the 0nbb decay rate for the nuclei involved in the various experimental detectors. In the process of this work we entered the 2018 Gordon Bell Prize competition (the highest prize in scientific supercomputing) with our innovative and highly optimized code and methods and were selected as one of the six international finalists. During this effort we helped with the bring-up of the new LLNL Sierra and Lassen supercomputers by identifying hardware and software problems. Aiming towards the next step of this research, involving the sub-leading nucleon-nucleon direct vertex, we have developed algorithms and codes that will play a significant role in future Lattice QCD calculations involving nucleon-nucleon interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Domain Aware Deep-learning Algorithms Integrated with Scientific-computing Technologies (DADAIST)

This technical report summarized the contribution of the DADAIST project funded by the Data Model Convergence Initiative via the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) investments at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Specifically, we report the development of the NeuroMANCER (Neural Modules with Adaptive Nonlinear Constraints and Efficient Regularizations), a new open-source Scientific Machine Learning library for formulating and solving parametric constrained optimization problems, physics-informed system identification, and parametric optimal control problems. NeuroMANCER is using differentiable programming to combine modern data-driven models and optimization modeling language into a coherent algorithmic and software framework. NeuroMANCER is a Pytorch-based framework and adopts much of its philosophy focused on research and development, rapid prototyping, and streamlined deployment. Strong emphasis is given to extensibility, interoperability with the PyTorch ecosystem, and quick adaptability to custom domain problems. Neuromancer repository contains a comprehensive library of differentiable modules, including custom activation functions, matrix factorizations, deep learning architectures, neural differential equations, differential equation solvers, implicit layers such as iterative solvers, high-level API for symbolic expressions, API for modeling and control of dynamical systems, and extensive set of tutorial code examples in the form of python scripts and jupyter notebooks.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1986

A unified approach to computer analysis and modeling of spacecraft environmental interactions

A new, coordinated, unified approach to the development of spacecraft plasma interaction models is proposed. The objective is to eliminate the unnecessary duplicative work in order to allow researchers to concentrate on the scientific aspects. By streamlining the developmental process, the interchange between theories and experimentalists is enhanced, and the transfer of technology to the spacecraft engineering community is faster. This approach is called the UNIfied Spacecraft Interaction Model (UNISIM). UNISIM is a coordinated system of software, hardware, and specifications. It is a tool for modeling and analyzing spacecraft interactions. It will be used to design experiments, to interpret results of experiments, and to aid in future spacecraft design. It breaks a Spacecraft Ineraction analysis into several modules. Each module will perform an analysis for some physical process, using phenomenology and algorithms which are well documented and have been subject to review. This system and its characteristics are discussed.

Katz, I.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The FIFE information system

A description is given of the FIFE (First ISLSCP Field Experiment) information system, which was developed to serve FIFE investigators as a tool for designing the experiment and for organizing and manipulating the complex data set. Fulfilling these functions on an experiment-driven timeline led to abandoning the classical sequential development paradigm of software engineering in favor of a more responsive and broadly based approach. The design, development, and operation of the information system supporting the experiment had to be flexible and under direct day-to-day control of scientist/users. Because of the organization around scientific requirements, the system was able to incorporate diverse data types in a systematic way as they became available, to add scientific rigor by identifying data gaps at an early stage, and to provide real-time quality assurance. These factors are important for designing and building future databases and long-term information systems to support interdisciplinary scientific research.

Strebel, Donald E.↗
NASA NTRS1994

NASA High Performance Computing and Communications program

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's HPCC program is part of a new Presidential initiative aimed at producing a 1000-fold increase in supercomputing speed and a 1(X)-fold improvement in available communications capability by 1997. As more advanced technologies are developed under the HPCC program, they will be used to solve NASA's 'Grand Challenge' problems, which include improving the design and simulation of advanced aerospace vehicles, allowing people at remote locations to communicate more effectively and share information, increasing scientists' abilities to model the Earth's climate and forecast global environmental trends, and improving the development of advanced spacecraft. NASA's HPCC program is organized into three projects which are unique to the agency's mission: the Computational Aerosciences (CAS) project, the Earth and Space Sciences (ESS) project, and the Remote Exploration and Experimentation (REE) project. An additional project, the Basic Research and Human Resources (BRHR) project, exists to promote long term research in computer science and engineering and to increase the pool of trained personnel in a variety of scientific disciplines. This document presents an overview of the objectives and organization of these projects, as well as summaries of early accomplishments and the significance, status, and plans for individual research and development programs within each project. Areas of emphasis include benchmarking, testbeds, software and simulation methods.

Holcomb, Lee↗
NASA NTRS2004

adwTools Developed: New Bulk Alloy and Surface Analysis Software for the Alloy Design Workbench

A suite of atomistic modeling software, called the Alloy Design Workbench, has been developed by the Computational Materials Group at the NASA Glenn Research Center and the Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI). The main goal of this software is to guide and augment experimental materials research and development efforts by creating powerful, yet intuitive, software that combines a graphical user interface with an operating code suitable for real-time atomistic simulations of multicomponent alloy systems. Targeted for experimentalists, the interface is straightforward and requires minimum knowledge of the underlying theory, allowing researchers to focus on the scientific aspects of the work. The centerpiece of the Alloy Design Workbench suite is the adwTools module, which concentrates on the atomistic analysis of surfaces and bulk alloys containing an arbitrary number of elements. An additional module, adwParams, handles ab initio input for the parameterization used in adwTools. Future modules planned for the suite include adwSeg, which will provide numerical predictions for segregation profiles to alloy surfaces and interfaces, and adwReport, which will serve as a window into the database, providing public access to the parameterization data and a repository where users can submit their own findings from the rest of the suite. The entire suite is designed to run on desktop-scale computers. The adwTools module incorporates a custom OAI/Glenn-developed Fortran code based on the BFS (Bozzolo- Ferrante-Smith) method for alloys, ref. 1). The heart of the suite, this code is used to calculate the energetics of different compositions and configurations of atoms.

Bozzolo, Guillermo↗
NASA NTRS2012

JPL Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) Portal

Satellite observations can play a very important role in airborne field campaigns, since they provide a comprehensive description of the environment that is essential for the experiment design, flight planning, and post-experiment scientific data analysis. In the past, it has been difficult to fully utilize data from multiple NASA satellites due to the large data volume, the complexity of accessing NASA s data in near-real-time (NRT), as well as the lack of software tools to interact with multi-sensor information. The JPL GRIP Portal is a Web portal that serves a comprehensive set of NRT observation data sets from NASA and NOAA satellites describing the atmospheric and oceanic environments related to the genesis and intensification of the tropical storms in the North Atlantic Ocean. Together with the model forecast data from four major global atmospheric models, this portal provides a useful tool for the scientists and forecasters in planning and monitoring the NASA GRIP field campaign during the 2010 Atlantic Ocean hurricane season. This portal uses the Google Earth plug-in to visualize various types of data sets, such as 2D maps, wind vectors, streamlines, 3D data sets presented at series of vertical cross-sections or pointwise vertical profiles, and hurricane best tracks and forecast tracks. Additionally, it allows users to overlap multiple data sets, change the opacity of each image layer, generate animations on the fly with selected data sets, and compare the observation data with the model forecast using two independent calendars. The portal also provides the capability to identify the geographic location of any point of interest. In addition to supporting the airborne mission planning, the NRT data and portal will serve as a very rich source of information during the post-field campaign analysis stage of the airborne experiment. By including a diverse set of satellite observations and model forecasts, it provides a good spatial and temporal context for the high-resolution, but limited in space and time, airborne observations.

Knosp, Brian W.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Planetary Mapping for Landing Sites Selection: The Mars Case Study

The selection of a landing site on a planetary body is a multistep process that involves both the fulfillment of several engineering constraints and the accomplishment of scientific requirements. In this chapter, we will show how the simultaneous production and exploitation of different GIS maps depicting these criteria are pivotal in the landing site selection. Indeed, all of such constraints are presently evaluated through the use of GIS-based software. To show this, we will focus on the Martian site identification outline, providing multiple real examples taken from two ongoing study cases, i.e., the Simud Vallis landing site proposed by Pajola et al. (Icarus 268:355–381, 2016a) for the ESA ExoMars rover and the Eridania landing site proposed by Pajola et al. (Icarus 275:163–182, 2016b) for the NASA Mars 2020 landing site selection.

Planetary mapping↗
DOE OSTI2021

Enabling modern data discovery for atmospheric measurements

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility is a US Department of Energy Office of Science user facility that is managed and operated through a collaborative effort led by nine US Department of Energy national laboratories. The ARM Data Center, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is responsible for the timely collection, processing, and delivery of data products to the scientific community. The ARM Data Center holds more than 11,000 data products, including metadata collected from field campaigns, instruments, value-added products, and principal investigator–contributed data. These data sets are checked for successful transfer (for most data, this transfer is carried out automatically via the network; however, some of the largest data sets and some of the most remote sites require manual shipping of hard disks) and both the data and metadata are processed to a standard format, which is an ARM-standardized structure, via the Network Common Data Form. The Network Common Data Form is a self-describing binary format with many compatible software tools. Once processed, the data are cataloged, stored in the ARM Data Archive, and made discoverable through association with an array of metadata-characterizing information, such as location and measurement classification. These metadata enable powerful search capabilities through the ARM Data Center Data Discovery interface. This paper discusses the workflow of how the new discovery system has been redesigned from user requirements and how the data are distributed to the scientific community.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Two new SciDAC institutes promote mathematical tools and software technology for high-performance computing

Bigger is often said to be better, and the newest extreme-scale computers certainly are bigger, with millions of processing units. Moreover, the breadth of science performed on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) computing facilities is expanding, with new technology such as artificial intelligence emerging. These advances are exciting, creating new opportunities for scientific discovery; however, they also raise new questions for scientists who want to exploit these advances for tackling more complex problems. Will my simulation code be able to utilize the accelerators in extreme-scale computing systems? Can I take advantage of the deepening memory hierarchy in heterogeneous processors? Is there a way around bottlenecks caused by the widening ratio of peak floating-point operations per second to I/0 bandwidth? How can I manage my huge amounts of data effectively? Can I analyze data in situ, or must I transfer it to offline storage for later analysis? To address such questions, DOE announced that it is providing $57.5 million over the next five years for two multidisciplinary teams — FASTMath and RAPIDS2 — to develop new tools and techniques to harness supercomputers for scientific discovery. The teams, called SciDAC Institutes, are part of the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Envisat Track 349 and Sentinel-1A Track 64 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data of Coso Geothermal Field, California, USA, 2004-2016

This submission contains tarred pair directories for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data covering Coso Geothermal Field in California, USA. Explanation of pair subdirectories: Pairs are formed using the InSAR processing software GMT5SAR (Sandwell et al., 2011). Pair subdirectories are named by starting and ending epochs in YYYYMMDD_YYYYMMDD format. Each tarred pair directory contains GRD files for phase data (radians), unwrapped range change (drhomaskd, in m), and unwrapped range change rate (drange, in m/yr). The data are given in both latitude/longitude and Universal Transverse Mercator (Zone 11N). Raw Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the Envisat satellite mission operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) are copyrighted by ESA and were provided through the WInSAR consortium at the UNAVCO facility. Raw Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the Sentinel-1A satellite mission operated by ESA were available free of charge through the Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) and through the Sentinels Scientific Data Hub. References: Farr, T.G.; Rosen, P.A.; Caro, E.; Crippen, R.; Duren, R.; Hensley, S.; Kobrick, M.; Paller, M.; Rodriguez, E.; Roth, L.; Seal, D.; Shaffer, S.; Shimada, J.; Umland, J.; Werner, M.; Oskin, M.; Burbank, D.; Alsdorf, D. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Reviews of Geophysics 2007, 45, RG2004. doi:10.1029/2005RG000183. Sandwell, D.; Mellors, R.; Tong, X.; Wei, M.; Wessel, P. Open radar interferometry software for mapping surface deformation. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 2011, 92, 234?234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO280002. doi:10.1029/2011EO280002.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Quantum Computing

In recent years Quantum Computing has attracted a great deal of attention in the scientific and technical communities. Interest in the field has expanded to include the popular press and various funding agencies. We discuss the origins of the idea of using quantum systems for computing. We then give an overview in recent developments in quantum hardware and software, as well as some potential applications for high energy physics.

Amundson, James↗
DOE OSTI2016

Wide-range structurally optimized channel for monitoring the certified power of small-core reactors

The results of tests of a prototype version of a channel for monitoring the certified power of small-core reactors performed at the BR-K1 reactor at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics are reported. An SNM-11 counter and commercial KNK-4 and KNK-3 compensated ion chambers were used as neutron detectors in the tested channel, and certified NCMM and CCMM measurement modules controlled by a PC with specialized software were used as measuring instruments. The specifics of metrological assurance of calibration of the channel in the framework of reactor power monitoring are discussed.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-Task with Procter and Gamble (CRADA No. NFE-10-02672)

The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between UT-Battelle, LLC (the “Contractor) and Procter & Gamble Company (the “Participant”) is the development of a research partnership to create new tools, tests and analytical methods to improve the performance, safety and/or environmental quality of chemicals, advanced materials, food products and manufacturing processes. The Participant operates in three global business units: Beauty, Health and Well-Being and Household Care. Some of its worldwide products include Head and Shoulders®, Pantene®, Gillette® razors and personal care products, Crest®, Dawn®, Tide®, Bounty®, Duracell® batteries; and Iams® pet food among others. At its core, however, the Participant is a science driven company. It supports one of the most robust industrial research and development (R&D) programs in the world. The Participant uses this rich foundation of science to drive innovation across all of its product lines. But the innovation process is not confined in-house The Participant pursues an “open innovation” policy, seeking partnerships with scientists and researchers in universities and national laboratories where it can contribute its extensive knowledge assets and collaborate to advance scientific understanding. The research under this multi-task CRADA was directed under the following general task areas and, throughout the duration of this CRADA the work statement was modified to match the needs of the Parties and the direction of the research. (1) Software modeling, simulation and development; (2) Manufacturing Technologies; (3) Supply Chain Optimization, (4) Advanced Materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1994

Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors Instrument Handbook, version 4.0

This is a revised version of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Instrument Handbook. The main goal of this edition is to help the potential General Observer (GO) learn how to most efficiently use the Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS's). First, the actual performance of the FGS's as scientific instruments is reviewed. Next, each of the available operating modes of the FGS's are reviewed in turn. The status and findings of pertinent calibrations, including Orbital Verification, Science Verification, and Instrument Scientist Calibrations are included as well as the relevant data reduction software.

Holfeltz, S. T.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Giovanni - The Bridge Between Data and Science

This article describes new features in the Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (Giovanni), a user-friendly online tool that enables visualization, analysis, and assessment of NASA Earth science data sets without downloading data and software. Since the satellite era began, data collected from Earth-observing satellites have been widely used in research and applications; however, using satellite-based data sets can still be a challenge to many. To facilitate data access and evaluation, as well as scientific exploration and discovery, the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) has developed Giovanni for a wide range of users around the world. This article describes the latest capabilities of Giovanni with examples, and discusses future plans for this innovative system.

GPM↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The HERMES Payload for Gateway: Heliophysics Enabled by Lunar Exploration

At launch, the first two modules of the Gateway space station will carry external payloads from NASA and ESA designed to observe the space environment. The NASA payload is the Heliophysics Environmental and Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite (HERMES). The HERMES instrumentation includes an ion mass spectrometer, an electron electrostatic analyzer, a proton and electron telescope for energetic particles, and a set of magnetometers. After an approximately one year transit to the Moon, HERMES will begin a science campaign that addresses heliophysics and space-weather objectives. Analyses of the in-situ measurements from HERMES will leverage observations from other Heliophysics spacecraft missions to enable multipoint studies of structure in the solar wind and in the magnetotail. Gateway’s polar lunar orbit is advantageous for this purpose. HERMES also is a pathfinder for future payloads on human-exploration vessels, for which there will be pragmatic interest in the variable radiation environment. Thus, with observations enabled by the ARTEMIS Program, HERMES is expected to be enabling of future exploration missions. Additionally, although HERMES objectives have a space-weather focus, the measurements also can be useful for studies of the Moon. Data, algorithms, calibrations, and related software produced by the project will be fully open and accessible through a Science Operations Center. In this presentation we provide an overview of science plans, including expectations for collaboration with other HSO missions and with international partners. Plain-Language Summary: The HERMES scientific payload will be attached to the HALO module of the Artemis Program's Gateway lunar outpost. HERMES will observe space weather conditions from lunar orbit. The data will be freely available for studies of the Moon and its space environment.

William R Paterson↗