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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Fine-grained material associated with a large sulfide returned from Comet 81P/Wild 2

In a consortium analysis of a large particle captured from the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft, we discuss the discovery of a field of fine-grained material (FGM) in contact with a large sulfide particle. The FGM was partially located in an embayment in the sulfide. Because of this, some of the FGM appears to have been protected from damage during hypervelocity capture in aerogel. Some of the FGM particles are indistinguishable in their characteristics from common components of chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles, including glass with embedded metals and sulfides and equilibrated aggregates. The sulfide exhibits surprising Ni-rich lamellae, which may suggest that this particle experienced a long-duration heating event after its formation but before incorporation into Wild 2.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Photon Doppler velocimetry surface return study for common surface preparations

Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) is a ubiquitous diagnostic method in dynamic compression experiments. It typically requires the roughening of the test surface to ensure scattering of the probe light back into the PDV probe at non-normal angles of incidence. Although surface scattering plays an essential role in the quality of PDV data, surface scattering properties for common materials and preparations have not previously been studied with specific relevance to PDV. Here, we present detailed measurements of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function for four different surface preparations (Scotch-Brite hand and drill roughened, ball-rolled, and grit blasted) and four different materials (copper, aluminum, stainless steel, and tantalum). These measurements employ a conventional PDV probe and obtain a diffraction limited angular resolution with 10 pW accuracy and 2.6% repeatability. In addition to scattering data, we employ scattering theory and simulations to accurately emulate the measured data. We also present a straightforward method to derive the average scattering distribution from surface profilometry and observe several qualitative aspects of the scattering data that may help to optimize PDV signals.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide–bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu’s parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu’s parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Development and Outcomes of Returning Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure Results in the Washington Heights, NYC Community

Report-back of research results (RBRR) is becoming standard practice for environmental health research studies. RBRR is thought to increase environmental health literacy (EHL), although standardized measurements are limited. For this study, we developed a report back document on exposure to air pollutants, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, during pregnancy through community engaged research and evaluated whether the report increased EHL. We used focus groups and surveys to gather feedback on the report document from an initial group of study participants (Group 1, n = 22) and then sent the revised report to a larger number of participants (Group 2, n = 168). We conducted focus groups among participants in Group 1 and discussed their suggested changes to the report and how those changes could be implemented. Participants in focus groups demonstrated multiple levels of EHL. While participant engagement critically informed report development, a survey comparing feedback from Group 1 (initial report) and Group 2 (revised report) did not show a significant difference in the ease of reading the report or knowledge gained about air pollutants. We acknowledge that our approach was limited by a lack of EHL tools that assess knowledge and behavior change, and a reliance on quantitative methodologies. Future approaches that merge qualitative and quantitative methodologies to evaluate RBRR and methodologies for assessing RBRR materials and subsequent changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, may be necessary.

Children’s Environmental Health↗
DOE OSTI2025

Preface to the Focus Section on Geophysical Observations of the OSIRIS-REx Sample Return Capsule Re-Entry

Here, this focus issue of Seismological Research Letters compiles observational results and theoretical interpretations related to the OSIRIS-REx SRC re-entry and multidisciplinary analyses highlighting broader scientific applications of such events (Carr et al., 2025; Clemente et al., 2025; Fernando et al., 2025; KC et al., 2025; Silber and Bowman, 2025). The articles contribute toward a geophysical understanding of how hypersonic objects interact with Earth’s atmosphere and how generated acoustic waves propagate through the atmosphere and couple into the ground as measurable seismic signals.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Returning CP-observables to the frames they belong

Optimal kinematic observables are often defined in specific frames and then approximated at the reconstruction level. We show how multi-dimensional unfolding methods allow us to reconstruct these observables in their proper rest frame and in a probabilistically faithful way. We illustrate our approach with a measurement of a CP-phase in the top Yukawa coupling. Our method makes use of key advantages of generative unfolding, but as a constructed observable it fits into standard LHC analysis frameworks.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2015

LX-17-1 Stockpile Returned Material Lot Comparison

Many different lots of LX-17 have been produced over the years. Two varieties of LX-17, LX-17-0 and LX-17-1, have at one point or another been a part of the Livermore stockpile systems. LX-17-0 was made with dry-aminated TATB whereas LX-17-1 was made with wet-aminated TATB. Both versions have the same TATB to Kel-F 800 mass ratio of 92.5%/7.5%. Both kinds of LX-17 were formulated at Holston during the late 1970s or early to mid-1980s and were certified to have met the necessary specifications that cover the purity, particle size range, explosive to binder ratio, etc. In recent years, Trevor Willy and others have performed a detailed evaluation of solid parts made from each of the LX-17 lots manufactured at Holston. Using the Advanced Light Source at LBNL, Willey and his colleagues radiographed many samples from isostatic pressings using the same scanning conditions. In their investigation they identified that even though the bulk composition can be the same, there may exist a large spread in how smoothly the TATB and binder were distributed within the radiographed volume of different lots of material.1 Overall, the dry-aminated TATB-based material, LX-17-0, had a smooth TATB and binder distribution, whereas the wet-aminated TATB-based LX-17-1 showed a wide range of binder distributions. The results for five different LX-17-1 lots are shown in Figure 1. The wide variation in material distribution has raised the question about whether or not this sort variability will cause significant differences in mechanical behavior.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2015

PBX 9502 Stockpile-Returned Hemi Tension Directionality Study

This work is a continuation of work started in FY12 to evaluate whether the coring direction in PBX 9502 main charges affects the mechanical properties data. In FY13 we performed the compression and thermal expansion portions of the testing.1 In FY14 we have performed the quasi-static tension and compressive creep parts of the study. This paper focuses on the tensile results while a companion paper details the compressive creep results.2 In an effort to obtain mechanical properties samples that would better characterize the density distribution within a main charge and, to a lesser extent, to more thoroughly describe the mechanical behavior of material that has been in the field for long period of time, the LLNL PBX 9502 Core Surveillance coring pattern had been changed between cycles 29 and 30. Where the orientation of the tensile and compression samples tested in surveillance prior to cycle 30 had been cored in the tangential direction, the new coring diagram has both the tension and compression samples being oriented in the hoop direction. Prior to this study, the authors were not aware of any work that systematically demonstrated the effect on tensile properties of samples cored in these distinct directions. The results from this study will inform us of if and how we should trend the data taken before and after the coring pattern change.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Return on Investment (ROI) Framework Case Study: CTH.

CTH is a Eulerian code developed at Sandia National Laboratories capable of modeling the hydrodynamic response of explosives, liquids, gases, and solids. The code solves complex multi-dimensional problems characterized by large deformations and strong shocks that are composed of various material configurations. CTH includes models for material strength, fracture, porosity, and high explosive detonation and initiation. The code is an acronym for a complex series of names relating to its origin. A full explanation can be seen in Appendix A. The software breaks penetration simulations into millions of grid-like “cells”. As a modeled projectile impacts and penetrates a target, progressively smaller blocks of cells are placed around the projectile, which show in detail deformations and breakups. Additionally, the code is uniquely suited to modeling blunt impact and blast loading leading to human body injury.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Remarkable Return On Investment In Fundamental Research: 40 Years of Basic Energy Sciences at the Department of Energy

In 1977, the Department of Energy established an office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) to support fundamental research in areas pertinent to DOE missions. In the 40 years since its founding, BES has grown substantially, supporting both individual researchers and interdisciplinary teams of researchers at universities and national laboratories. It engages with the scientific community through an extensive network of advisory committees that help BES to identify high priority problems or areas of opportunity. BES has also created unique shared research facilities, open to all scientists, which have become a distinctive feature of the U.S. research effort and have greatly increased the productivity of university, federal, and industrial research efforts. BES collaborates closely with other federal research agencies, including other DOE offices focused on applied research. Such research often builds on new scientific knowledge generated by BES and advances it toward commercial technologies. In all, BES represents a bet on the future—a significant federal investment in new knowledge.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Plutonium-238 Loadout Calorimeter Return To Service

The calorimeter in the transfer area in Building 7920 at the US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory is used to measure the amount of 238 Pu in the Plutonium Heat Source Oxide. The calorimetry measurement is taken after the oxide is packaged in an ORISC (Oak Ridge Inner Shipping Capsule)/FSO (Fuel Storage Outer) assembly before loading into the Containment Vessel and shipping container. The equipment is used in three specific configurations: zero measurement (nothing in the sample cup), FSO measurement (actual measurement of 238 Pu), and reference calibration measurement (using the reference FSO as a known heat source). System checks were performed in July 2023 in preparation for scheduled material loadout. During these checks, personnel discovered that the reference FSO had experienced an electrical short in the heater cable and was no longer functional. The calorimeter was in the reference calibration measurement configuration at this time. Facility management was notified when the damage was discovered. The data from the Yokogawa recorder were pulled and analyzed for a span of time between September 2022 and July 2023. An unusual spike was found in the sample cup temperature data that started on October 19, 2022, and ended on October 20, 2022. The sample cup reached a temperature of 191.1°C. The maximum allowable temperature for the calorimeter thermopile to reach is 220°C based on the manufacturer statement provided in Appendix B of this report [1]. The calorimeter thermopile and the sample cup thermocouple are physically close to each other; therefore, the data suggest that the calorimeter itself never saw a temperature in excess of 191.1°C. Physical damage present on the cable, tape, and insulation suggests that the temperature reached a higher value in some locations within the sample cup than the data shows. Because of this discrepancy, testing of the calorimeter was required to confirm that the calorimeter is functioning the same as it was before the electrical short. The intent of this report is to assess the functionality of the calorimeter and determine if it is acceptable to use for 238 Pu loadout material measurement. Testing showed that the calorimeter is functionally equivalent to the initial calibration that was performed in the summer of 2021, and thus, the calorimeter was cleared to be used for its intended purposes.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗