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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Meteorological services annual data report for 2020

This document presents the meteorological data collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by Meteorological Services (Met Services) for the calendar year 2020. The purpose is to publicize the data sets available to emergency personnel, researchers and facility operations. Met services has been collecting data at BNL since 1949. Data from 1994 to the present is available in digital format. Data is presented in monthly plots of one-minute data. This allows the reader the ability to peruse the data for trends or anomalies that may be of interest to them. Full data sets are available to BNL personnel and to a limited degree outside researchers. The full data sets allow plotting the data on expanded time scales to obtain greater details (e.g., daily solar variability, inversions, etc.).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Meteorological Services Annual Data Report for 2021

This document presents the meteorological data collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by Meteorological Services (Met Services) for the calendar year 2021. The purpose is to publicize the data sets available to emergency personnel, researchers and facility operations. Met services has been collecting data at BNL since 1949. Data from 1994 to the present is available in digital format. Data is presented in monthly plots of one-minute data. This allows the reader the ability to peruse the data for trends or anomalies that may be of interest to them. Full data sets are available to BNL personnel and to a limited degree outside researchers. The full data sets allow plotting the data on expanded time scales to obtain greater details (e.g., daily solar variability, inversions, etc.).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Small Mammal Prey Study for the Mexican Spotted Owl at Two Locations at Los Alamos National Laboratory

In New Mexico, Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) are typically found in rocky canyons consisting of mixed-conifer forests that have experienced minimal human disturbance. At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Mexican spotted owls have been found breeding and foraging in habitats consistent with their known biology, but face the impact of human encroachment in the surrounding upland habitat. Little is known about the prey base present within the Laboratory’s vast forests. In anticipation of expanding human development in proximity to known occupied owl habitat, the goal of our study was to evaluate the small mammal prey base available to Mexican spotted owls at the Laboratory and to assess prey availability, diversity and composition. We sampled two study plots within the Laboratory’s forests for small mammals in 2021. Study plots were situated in conifer, deciduous, mixed conifer-deciduous and mixed oak. Our small mammal trapping efforts and SCR modeling revealed site-specific differences in prey base diversity, abundance and density between the unoccupied Pajarito Canyon and nearby occupied Mortandad Canyon site. These results highlight how managing tracts of land for small mammal prey base may overlap with goals set forth by researchers for Mexican spotted owl habitat needs. We recommend further trapping efforts to better understand prey availability in occupied and unoccupied sites at LANL as well as further investigation of prey selection through the dissection of pellets found in the areas surrounding known nesting locations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Covariance Testing at BNL [Slides]

This presentation discusses testing implemented in FUDGE & ADVANCE in regard to proper ENDF formatting: STAN, STANEF, CHECKR, FUDGE, NJOY, convert to BOXR format, plotting, endfcovreport.py which is an overview of ENDF library’s covariance contents, and covariance Matrix class implements that are the core of all GNDS covariance. Several checks are performed, including symmetric, real, positive definite, condition # of Eigenvalues, and too big uncertainties. The presentation states that it can fix too big and/or small uncertainties and that it can plot matrices. It states that further testing is recommended by CSEWG but has not yet been implemented and suggests methods such as documentation which needs a human to execute, completeness which is partially complete, and reasonableness which has not been started. The presentation concludes by elaborating on reasonableness and states that only cross section is documented, that similar limits on CP reactions cross sections are needed, that maximum limits are needed too which is tricky since ENDF assumes Normal PDFs, and that there may be other observables.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Frequent Fulcrum Functions: The Basics of SCALE’s Graphical User Interface [Slides]

This tutorial introduces the Fulcrum graphical user interface and the basic functions that enhance the common activities of creating, editing, navigating, executing, and visualizing SCALE input files. This tutorial will help you become familiar with the Fulcrum input file text editor and the integrated input development environment features of autocompletion, automatic checking, cursor context, and input navigation. In addition, the Fulcrum and SCALE runtime environment will be reviewed to improve the understanding of job execution workflow. This tutorial does not cover data and geometry plotting. Please see the Advanced User Interface Capabilities tutorial for details regarding plotting data and geometry. No prior experience with SCALE is required. You can follow along using SCALE 6.2 or 6.3-beta.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Meteorological Services Annual Data Report for 2022

This document presents the meteorological data collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by Meteorological Services (Met Services) for the calendar year 2022. The purpose is to publicize the data sets available to emergency personnel, researchers and facility operations. Met services has been collecting data at BNL since 1949. Data from 1994 to the present is available in digital format. Data is presented in monthly plots of one-minute data. This allows the reader the ability to peruse the data for trends or anomalies that may be of interest to them. Full data sets are available to BNL personnel and to a limited degree outside researchers. The full data sets allow plotting the data on expanded time scales to obtain greater details (e.g., daily solar variability, inversions, etc.).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improved Understanding of Zircaloy Hydrogen Pickup Mechanisms in BWRs. NSUF Report (Final Report)

Using an instrumented autoclave operating at 288°C and 1100 psi, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were taken from three neutron irradiated fuel channel samples (Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4). The three high priority fuel channel samples were tested at 288°C using a simulated PWR water with the AC frequency range extending down through 10 -4 Hz, with corresponding DC measurements to validate the resistance measurements. EIS measurements were also taken at room temperature using a simulated PWR water from four neutron irradiated fuel channel samples (Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4). and four water rod samples (Zircaloy-2). EIS measurements were also performed on unirradiated Zircaloy-2 tubes that were previously oxidized in autoclaves at various temperatures for different time durations to obtain oxide layers of different thicknesses. These experiments proved to be more challenging than anticipated because of the small size of the samples, which required development of fixtures to allow valid testing of the materials, some of which are radioactive, under pressure and temperature. Equivalent circuits were used to model the data. Some samples resulted in Nyquist plots where the arcs were too close to each other resulting in the inability to separate the different oxide morphological thicknesses. Microstructural characterization in the form of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy was performed to document the microstructural features of the oxidized Zr-2 and Zr-4 samples (oxide and metal/oxide interface) and to interpret the EIS results. At the start of this work, it was assumed that despite the laminar cracks and porosity visible in both optical and SEM, the oxide scale is dense near the metal, effectively preventing the water from contacting the metal directly. While it is generally accepted that the large laminar cracks pores allow the water to percolate into the oxide film, it is unknown just how deep it can go, and how interconnected is the porosity, which will dictate how much the porosity is connected electrically to the water within the oxide scale. The EIS results demonstrated that there is in fact a distribution of oxide thicknesses over the various samples, and within each material condition, that are communicating to the liquid. This is derived from the fact that Nyquist plots have an arc radius whose center point is often below the Z’ axis, implying that instead of a single oxide thickness, these oxides have a distribution of thicknesses. This distribution of thicknesses produces arcs that are not clearly separable in most of the samples.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Lidar Buoy Data Dictionary: For the 2020 – 2021 California Deployments

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) manages two AXYS WindSentinel™ buoys (Buoys #120 and #130) on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that collect a comprehensive set of meteorological and oceanographic (metocean) data to support resource characterization for wind energy offshore. The buoys have been deployed off the California coast in partnership with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) from September 2020 through October 2021. One buoy was deployed within the Morro Bay Call Area offshore central California; the other buoy was deployed within the Humboldt Call Area off the coast of northern California. The measurements from the buoys are used to characterize the metocean conditions near potential locations for offshore wind lease areas and are uploaded to DOE’s Data Archive and Portal (DAP). Plots are updated on the DAP webpage to visualize the recent metocean measurements. This document serves as a data dictionary – or reference guide – for understanding and interpreting the data available from the buoys. This document includes: (1) specifications for the buoy instrumentation (Section 2.0) (2) description of each plot and definition of measured parameters (Section 3.0) (3) description of data files and naming convention (Appendix A) (4) reference guide of measurements and variables (Appendix B).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Verification Testing of OLI Systems Mixed Solvent Electrolyte Model for the Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO 4 -OH-HCO 3 -CO 3 -CO 2 -H 2 ) System to High Ionic Strength at 25°C

This technical report summarizes model verification results and summary statistics for 41 evaporite mineral solubility cases evaluated by Savannah River National Laboratory using OLI Systems’ aqueous electrolyte thermodynamic modeling software. The 41 verification cases containing a total of 60 solubility curves comprise mineral solubility data from low to high ionic strength at 25°C for the eight-component system Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO 4 -OH-HCO 3 -CO 3 -CO 2 -H 2 O as reported by Harvie et al. (1984). Thermodynamic calculations were executed using OLI Systems’ Stream Analyzer computation module within the OLI Studio software platform (Ver. 11.0, Rev. 11.0.1.9). The Mixed Solvent Electrolyte (MSE) thermodynamic framework was chosen for this investigation because of its superiority in modeling high ionic-strength inorganic salt solutions and actinide redox chemistry and solubility, both of which are relevant to the geological repository conditions at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad, New Mexico. Mineral solubility data in various inorganic salt solutions were digitized and extracted from figures generated by Harvie et al. (1984). For each of the 60 solubility curves, a case-specific chemistry model and input file were generated in OLI Studio using OLI Stream Analyzer and the MSE (H 3 O + ion) public databank provided by OLI Systems. Model simulation results were exported to Microsoft Excel to calculate summary statistics and to generate graphs comparing the OLI model predictions to the solubility data. Summary statistics include residuals (model – data) and concordance (accuracy × precision, where precision is indicated by the Pearson correlation coefficient and accuracy accounts for bias and scale differential). Private databanks were not developed, and activity coefficient model regressions were not performed to improve OLI model fits to the data. Of the 41 model verification plots, 83% have a mean of the percent residuals less than or equal to 25%. Similarly, 75% display a concordance greater than or equal to 0.75. Only seven of the 41 verification plots fail to show good agreement between the model and data. Of these seven, three are relevant to the WIPP repository because they involve the Mg-OH-Cl-SO 4 -CO 3 aqueous system. The remaining four address salt solubilities at the pH extremes (strong acid and strong base). It should be noted that in two of the three Mg-OH-Cl-SO 4 -CO 3 system cases, the regressed Harvie et al. (1984) solubility curve also deviated from the data. Lack of agreement between the OLI model-predicted solubility curves and the data is attributable to one or more of the following: specific solid species are not included in the OLI MSE databank; there is significant variation among the different solubility datasets chosen by Harvie et al. (1984); the OLI MSE model’s thermodynamic parameters were determined using different solubility datasets; and the activity coefficient parameters for certain relevant ion-ion and ion-molecule pairs have not been optimized via data regression. Two recommendations for future work are to (1) evaluate solubility data for the Mg-OH-Cl-SO 4 -CO 3 system at high ionic strength and, if necessary, develop a private OLI MSE database that includes missing species and, where necessary, regressed standard state properties and interaction parameters; (2) perform similar verification testing of the OLI model for actinide solubility data.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Laboratory Instrument Software Controlled Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry for Electrical Cable Testing

This research discusses development of a software-controlled laboratory instrument based spread spectrum time domain reflectometry system (SSTDR). This constitutes one task within PNNL’s Light Water Sustainability Program (LWRS) whose mission includes advancing nondestructive examination (NDE) techniques for off-line and on-line in-situ cable condition monitoring. In 2022, PNNL evaluated SSTDR for detection and characterization of a number of cable anomalies (Glass et al. 2022). The review included comparison of SSTDR to Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) techniques which have enjoyed encouraging feedback and are starting to be used in nuclear power plants for periodic cable condition monitoring of cable systems as part of the plant’s overall cable aging management program. The FDR test introduces a broad-band chirp onto the cable at the cable end then listens for any reflection from a change of impedance along the cable caused by a damaged conductor or insulation, splices, contact with moisture, or other cable anomalies. The signal is captured in the frequency domain then transformed back to the time domain using an inverse Fourier transform (IFT). Based on the velocity of propagation, the impedance response signal is plotted against distance along the cable. Peak locations along the X-axis indicate the distance along the cable where a portion of the signal has been reflected back to the instrument as a result of a cable anomaly. The FDR test is considered the gold standard of reflectometry however it does require the cable to be de-energized to perform the test. The LIVEWIRE commercial SSTDR produces a similar plot to the FDR however all processing is in the time domain. A pseudo-random noise code (PN code) is input onto the cable conductor and the instrument listens for any reflected response from cable anomalies. The SSTDR processes the signal as an autocorrelation comparing the input PN code to any reflected signal detected. The autocorrelation analysis for thermal aging, water and water ingress detection, ground fault and phase-to-phase fault detection at various locations along the cable and with the cable attached and detached from a motor load, and on both energized and un-energized conditions were performed. These results were contrasted to Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) measurements of the un-energized cable. Results were encouraging but indicated more work was warranted – particularly with the SSTDR, it seemed that the insulation damage would likely be better evaluated with multiple bandwidth cable tests particularly including larger bandwidths than were possible with the current commercial instrument. The commercial instrument’s bandwidth was set at 6, 12, 24, and 48MHz but note that SSTDR and FDR definitions of bandwidth trend similarly but are not the same. The FDR response could be more broadly adjusted, and the bandwidth of 100 to 500 MHz produced the best responses. FDR responses to anomalies were clearer than SSTDR responses and indications were that a broader bandwidth SSTDR may lead to improved SSTDR detection capability. This project used a laboratory instrument based SSTDR (primarily using an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) and a digital oscilloscope plus Python in-house software) that allowed software adjustment of the SSTDR bandwidth, window functions applied to the exciting Pseudo-random Noise (PN) code plus and other aspects of the SSTDR signal processing. Hereafter, this will be referred to as the PNNL SSTDR. Evaluating specific performance of the PNNL SSTDR is left to a separate report. This report documents hardware and software development to produce the SSTDR cable test system.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2016

AGC-1 Irradiation Induced Proprerty Changes Analysis Report: Electrical Resistivity and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Here we report the analysis of some of the test property data from the AGC-1 creep capsule. Specifically, we report analysis of the electrical resistivity (ER) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). AGC-1 was operated at ~640°C and we measured the irradiated specimen CTE (α) over the temperature range 25°C to 550°C. Consequently, we have analyzed the mean CTE value for the temperature rage 25°C – 500°C. Both the ER and α(25-500°C) have been examined as a function of specimen dose (control specimens) and creep strain, %, (creep specimen). A direct comparison of the property changes has been made for the creep and control specimens by plotting their respective fractional changes as a function on neutron dose. Statistical “t” testing has been applied to any observed differences in property (ER or CTE) as a function of dose for the creep and control specimens of each graphite grade in the AGC-1 capsule. For electrical resistivity the irradiated value was shown to be greater than the unirradiated value for all graphite grades. However, the additional change due to creep strain was not found to be statistically significant. The coefficient of thermal expansion was seen to increase with dose for both the creep and control specimens. This increase was clearly seen in the fractional changes in CTE plot. The creep specimens were seen to increase their CTE above that noted for the control samples. The values of α(25-500°C) was statistically “t” tested and the differences between the creep and control CTE increases were shown to be statistically significant. Thus, creep strain is shown to have no additional effect upon ER but does increase the CTE over that observed from dose alone. The additional increase of CTE due to creep, is attributed to the closure of a larger fraction of the aligned porosity by compressive creep.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Meteorological Services Annual Data Report for 2023

This document presents the meteorological data collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by Meteorological Services (Met Services) for the calendar year 2023. The purpose is to publicize the data sets available to emergency personnel, researchers and facility operations. Met services has been collecting data at BNL since 1949. Data from 1994 to the present is available in digital format. Data is presented in monthly plots of one-minute data. This allows the reader the ability to peruse the data for trends or anomalies that may be of interest to them. Full data sets are available to BNL personnel and to a limited degree outside researchers. The full data sets allow plotting the data on expanded time scales to obtain greater details (e.g., daily solar variability, inversions, etc.).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Introduction to ALERT: A User-Interface Tool for Resilient Optimization

As the cyber-physical systems grow in complexity, there is a need for proactive resilience strategies that involve online, adaptive control actions to best prepare for any impending adversarial events. In this technical effort, supported by RD2C LDRD initiative, the project team designed and demonstrated online strategies – referred to as ALERT controls – for proactive and adaptive tuning of existing optimal controls in a microgrid, with quantifiably assured margins of resilience to various cyber-physical adversarial events. This ALERT functionality is made available to the end-users, e.g., the system operators, via an interactive user-interface. The end-users will not only be able to use the interface to visualize the system’s operation under various cyber-physical adversarial scenarios, but also evaluate the amount of tolerance the system has against selected adversarial perturbations of interest (e.g., malfunctioning sensors, suspected attacked measurements) via the adversarial plots. In this technical report, we briefly outline the algorithmic modules of the developed ALERT control technology, and introduce the user-interface tool that allows end-users (e.g., microgrid operators) to enter their system description, specify various operational and resilience requirements, and evaluate the impact of the control decisions via illustrative plots.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Meteorological Services Annual Data Report for 2024

This document presents the meteorological data collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by Meteorological Services (Met Services) for the calendar year 2024. The purpose is to publicize the data sets available to emergency personnel, researchers and facility operations. Met services has been collecting data at BNL since 1949. Data from 1994 to the present is available in digital format. Data is presented in monthly plots of one-minute data. This allows the reader the ability to peruse the data for trends or anomalies that may be of interest to them. Full data sets are available to BNL personnel and to a limited degree outside researchers. The full data sets allow plotting the data on expanded time scales to obtain greater details (e.g., daily solar variability, inversions, etc.).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Light Output Fitting Software

Light output response of scintillators is crucial to the utilization of organic scintillators as effective tools in radiation detection and measurement. While the response is a continuous distribution, the light output corresponding to the maximum energy deposition is crucial in effectively understanding and simulating a detector. There are a variety of fits derived in literature that will vary for every detector material. The Light Output Response Fitter, or LORF Program is a python script designed to easily and quickly compute and plot fits for a variety of scintillator light output models. It includes a stopping power library constructed from SRIM including Organic Glass, EJ309, EJ301, Stilbene, EJ276, and their deuterated counterparts by default, with the ability for the user to add custom stopping power libraries. The user is also capable of importing the python package and utilizing its in-built functions as appropriate. Uses for this capability include plotting and computing a model with known parameters.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ring Pull Strain Analysis Version 1.1

This report details an analysis package, Ring Pull Strain Analysis (RPSA), that can be used to present and quantify digital image correlation (DIC) data as it relates to a gaugeless ring pull test. Gaugeless ring pull is a testing technique for mechanical testing of small annular samples, usually cut from a thin-walled tube. DIC data is often necessary for this kind of test because bending moments present on the ring cause a non-uniform strain distribution and localized measurements are necessary. In addition, the annular geometry of a ring lends itself to a polar representation, which is not present with typical DIC analysis methods. RPSA was made to calculate and plot the polar representation of strain from standard pre-processed DIC data of a gaugeless ring pull test. Further analysis can be done on ring pull including a quasi-uniaxial tensile analysis and coating analysis, which are also performed by RPSA. In addition, due to the universality of DIC plotting and ring pull test analysis, RPSA can accommodate a wide variety of tests, though it is tailored for ring pull testing. This report details how RPSA works, including the theory, assumptions, and logic behind the calculations and the structure of the program.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

From tides to seasons: How cyclic tidal drivers and plant physiology interact to affect carbon cycling at the terrestrial-estuarine boundary (Final technical report)

Coastal ecosystems are among the most biologically and biogeochemically active and diverse systems on Earth. Because they act as important linkages between terrestrial ecosystems and the open ocean, their incorporation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical to predict coastal and global responses to environmental changes. However, they vary greatly in the magnitude of tides and the volume and timing of freshwater input from land, making it challenging to model the major biogeochemical reactions that control productivity and greenhouse gas emissions across coastal terrestrial aquatic interfaces (TAIs). Our overall objective was to improve mechanistic process understanding and modeling of tidal wetland hydro-biogeochemistry in coastal TAIs. We established a new flux tower site (Ameriflux US-PLo) in the oligohaline part of the Parker River to continuously monitor ecosystem-scale carbon fluxes under temporally varying salinity conditions. The site is co-located with long-term monitoring plots of the Plum Island Ecosystems LTER project. We installed wells and redox sensors in the marsh interior and creek bank, established biomass monitoring plots and deployed novel optode sensors in both locations. We used this data to parameterize plant-mediated transport in PFLOTRAN and tested the impact of soil heterogeneity on porewater constituents and gas fluxes. We collected observations of root oxygen release with a novel planar optode system in the field. Flux data collected during the measurement period encompasses a large variation in salinity ranging from drought to record precipitation years. We developed a method to extract functional relationships from the flux data using artificial neural networks, identifying salinity thresholds for CH 4 fluxes. Finally, we are using the coupled ELM-PFLOTRAN model to test the impact of antecedent hydrological conditions on the salinity-CH 4 flux relationship. This grant contributed to the professional development of one postdoc, three research assistants and one graduate student. The sensor data has been shared with external collaborators.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

OptiBench: An Optimization Benchmark Tool for Renewable Energy Problems

We propose a benchmark framework and visualization tool, OptiBench, for analyzing the performance of state-of-the-art optimization solvers across a variety of optimization problems in renewable energy research. Our framework is designed from the ground up in the Julia programming language and enables analysis at scale on high performance computing (HPC) systems. Our visualization tool allows effortless evaluation of optimization solver performance, robustness, and accuracy through intuitive plots, e.g., performance profiles, heat maps, and distribution plots. We have tested three benchmark suites relevant to the modeling of renewable energy systems, viz., CUTEst, PGLib-OPF, and WaterTAP water treatment optimization problems. We illustrate benchmarking of CUTEst using OptiBench on the National Laboratory of the Rockies's (NLR) HPC Kestrel. Our findings indicate that MA57 HSL linear solver demonstrated the best overall performance for an experimental IPOPT implementation. Our work is ongoing and we intend to add support for more optimization solvers and benchmark test suites in the future.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗