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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

Centromere/kinetochore protein genes for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment selection

The invention described in the application relates to a panel of gene expression markers for patient with a tumor. The invention thus provides methods and compositions, e.g., kits, for evaluating gene expression levels of the markers and methods of using such gene expression levels to evaluate the likelihood of disease progression or response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Such information can be used in determining prognosis and treatment options for cancer patients.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020

Acute shortage ventilator

We have implemented an ″Acute Shortage Ventilator″ (ASV) motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of severe ventilator shortages in the near future. The unit cost per ventilator is less than $400 US excluding the patient circuit parts. The ASV mechanically compresses a self-inflating bag resuscitator, uses a modified patient circuit, and is commanded by a microcontroller and an optional laptop. It operates in both Volume-Controlled Assist-Control mode and a Pressure-Controlled Assist-Control mode. It has been tested using an artificial lung against the EURS guidelines. The key design goals were to develop a simple device with high performance for short-term use, made primarily from common hospital parts and generally-available non-medical components, and at low cost and ease in manufacturing.

Breur, Sander↗

DOE OSTI2023

Volatile organic compound detection device

A volatile organic compound detection device includes a collector comprising: a collector material configured to collect volatile organic compounds given off from a patient's skin; a heater comprising a heating element, the heating element configured to emit a thermal pulse to desorb the volatile organic compounds from the collector material; and a flow channel configured to receive the volatile organic compounds desorbed by the heater; and a fastener configured to secure the collector to the patient's skin.

Arnold, Gary Stephen↗

DOE OSTI2024

MRI Load Profile Characterization Across Scanner Manufacturers and Field Strengths - Opportunities for Energy Efficiency Improvements

Radiology plays a vital role in patient care, but a reliance on energy-intensive imaging equipment leads to significant greenhouse gas emissions. MRI scanners can consume up to 80% of their total energy during times when there is not active patient imaging. Characterizing MRI average power and time to enter low-power mode across scanning protocols can identify energy efficiency opportunities.

emissions↗

DOE OSTI2024

Production of High Specific Activity 155 Tb, 161 Tb and 203 Pb for Research and Clinical Applications: Effective Target Design, Target Material Recycling and Radioisotope Separation (Final Technical Report)

The overall objectives of this project were (1) to develop methods for the production and separation of a diagnostic and therapeutic or “theranostic” pair of radioisotopes, terbium-155 ( 155 Tb) and terbium-161 ( 161 Tb) and (2) to train graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in technologies and methods used in radionuclide production. Radionuclides can be incorporated into drugs called radiopharmaceuticals that target a specific disease (e.g., cancer). The need for theranostic radionuclides is escalating with the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals due to their implementation in personalized medicine, which has demonstrated enhanced patient treatments. High purity and high specific activity radionuclides are critical for theranostic agent development, for example to maintain diagnostic image quality, to minimize radiation dose to the patient, and to increase uptake in the targeted tissue (e.g., tumor), especially in the case of receptor- and antigen-targeted agents. The 155 Tb (diagnostic) and 161 Tb (therapeutic) radioisotopes that were generated through this project are a theranostic pair with demonstrated potential for the development and translation into individualized, targeted, and dosimetry-driven radiotherapies. However, the development of such radiotherapies has been hindered by the lack of a routine and reliable supply of these isotopes in the United States. Methods for the production, separation, and supply of 155 Tb and 161 Tb were investigated and developed in this project. Further, the strong emphasis throughout the project on the training of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows has helped to ensure and enhance the nuclear science workforce through the training of the next generation of highly qualified scientists in nuclear and radiochemistry. This grant also continued a collaboration between scientists at the University of Washington (UW), the University of Missouri (MU) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). All three institutions were involved in the project, but to different degrees on the various tasks through which the overall objectives were met.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

Multimodality imaging of the male urethra: trauma, infection, neoplasm, and common surgical repairs

Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the indications and proper technique for RUG and MRI, their respective image findings in various disease states, and the common surgical techniques and imaging strategies employed for stricture correction. Results: Because of its length and passage through numerous anatomic structures, the adult male urethra can undergo a wide array of acquired maladies, including traumatic injury, infection, and neoplasm. For the urologist, imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of these conditions, as well as complications such as stricture and fistula formation. While retrograde urethrography (RUG) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) have traditionally been the cornerstone of urethral imaging, MRI has become a useful adjunct particularly for the staging of suspected urethral neoplasm, visualization of complex posterior urethral fistulas, and problem solving for indeterminate findings at RUG. Conclusions: Familiarity with common urethral pathology, as well as its appearance on conventional urethrography and MRI, is crucial for the radiologist in order to guide the treating urologist in patient management.