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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Theoretical study of positive-parity doublet bands in {sup 124}Cs

Positive-parity doublet bands in the odd-odd nucleus {sup 124}Cs have been studied by using the two quasiparticles plus a triaxial rotor model. The energy spectra and electromagnetic properties are calculated and compared with the available experimental results. Good agreement is obtained in the present calculation. The chiral geometry and its evolution with angular momentum for doublet bands in {sup 124}Cs is also exhibited and discussed based on the analysis of the expectation values and the probability distributions of the angular momentum.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1988

Cosmic-ray energy spectra between 10 and several hundred GeV per atomic mass unit for elements from Ar-18 to Ni-28 - Results from HEAO 3

Results from the Heavy Nuclei experiment on HEAO 3 are used to determine the primary abundances of Ni and Fe. Ni and Fe are found to have nearly constant relative abundances over the interval of 10 to about 500 GeV per amu. Individual secondary elements derived principally from interactions of primary Fe nuclei are shown to display a power-law decrease in relative abundance up to about 150 GeV per amu. Ar/Fe and Ca/Fe ratios of 2.6 + or - 0.7 percent and 8.8 + or - 0.7 percent, respectively, are found, confirming a fractionation of source abundances in which elements with high values of the first ionization potential are depleted relative to those with low first ionization potential.

Binns, W. R.↗
DOE OSTI2012

COMPTONIZED PHOTON SPECTRA OF SUPERCRITICAL BLACK HOLE ACCRETION FLOWS WITH APPLICATION TO ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES

Radiation spectra of supercritical black hole accretion flows are computed using a Monte Carlo method by post-processing the results of axisymmetric radiation hydrodynamic simulations. We take into account thermal/bulk Comptonization, free-free absorption, and photon trapping. We found that a shock-heated region ({approx}10{sup 8} K) appears at the funnel wall near the black hole where the supersonic inflow is reflected by the centrifugal barrier of the potential. Both thermal and bulk Comptonization significantly harden photon spectra although most of the photons upscattered above 40 keV are swallowed by the black hole due to the photon trapping. When the accretion rate onto the black hole is M-dot Almost-Equal-To 200L{sub E}/c{sup 2}, where L{sub E} is the Eddington luminosity, the spectrum has a power-law component which extends up to {approx}10 keV by upscattering of photons in the shock-heated region. In higher mass accretion rates, the spectra roll over around 5 keV due to downscattering of the photons by cool electrons in the dense outflow surrounding the jet. Our results are consistent with the spectral features of ultraluminous X-ray sources, which typically show either a hard power-law component extending up to 10 keV or a rollover around 5 keV. We found that the spectrum of NGC 1313 X-2 is quite similar to the spectrum numerically obtained for high accretion rate (M-dot {approx} 1000L{sub E}/c{sup 2}) source observed with low viewing angle (i = 10 Degree-Sign -20 Degree-Sign ). Our numerical results also demonstrate that the face-on luminosity of supercritically accreting stellar mass black holes (10 M{sub Sun }) can significantly exceed 10{sup 40} erg s{sup -1}.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

STELLAR POPULATIONS OF ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

Ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are classified into several types depending on the dominance of starburst or active galactic nucleus (AGN) components. We conducted a stellar population analysis for a sample of 160 ULIRGs to study the evolution of ULIRGs. We found that the dominance of intermediate-age and old stellar populations increases along the sequence of H II-like ULIRGs, Seyfert-H II composite ULIRGs, and Seyfert 2 ULIRGs. Consequently, the typical mean stellar age and stellar mass increase along the sequence. Comparing the gas mass estimated from the CO measurements to the stellar mass estimated from the optical spectra, we found that the gas fraction is anti-correlated with stellar mass. Even so, the total masses of H II-like ULIRGs with small stellar masses and a large fraction of gas are not comparable to the small masses of Seyfert 2 ULIRGs. This indicates that H II-like ULIRGs with small stellar masses have no evolutionary connections with massive Seyfert 2 ULIRGs. Only massive ULIRGs may follow the evolution sequence toward AGNs, and massive H II-like ULIRGs are probably in an earlier stage of the sequence.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Supersymmetry searches in GUT models with non-universal scalar masses

We study SO(10), SU(5) and flipped SU(5) GUT models with non-universal soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar masses, exploring how they are constrained by LHC supersymmetry searches and cold dark matter experiments, and how they can be probed and distinguished in future experiments. We find characteristic differences between the various GUT scenarios, particularly in the coannihilation region, which is very sensitive to changes of parameters. For example, the flipped SU(5) GUT predicts the possibility of ∼t{sub 1}−χ coannihilation, which is absent in the regions of the SO(10) and SU(5) GUT parameter spaces that we study. We use the relic density predictions in different models to determine upper bounds for the neutralino masses, and we find large differences between different GUT models in the sparticle spectra for the same LSP mass, leading to direct connections of distinctive possible experimental measurements with the structure of the GUT group. We find that future LHC searches for generic missing E{sub T}, charginos and stops will be able to constrain the different GUT models in complementary ways, as will the Xenon 1 ton and Darwin dark matter scattering experiments and future FERMI or CTA γ-ray searches.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

A Survey for Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in the Chamaeleon I Star-forming Region

We have performed a search for planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region using proper motions and photometry measured from optical and infrared images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope, and ground-based facilities. Through near-IR spectroscopy at Gemini Observatory, we have confirmed six of the candidates as new late-type members of Chamaeleon I (≥M8). One of these objects, Cha J11110675−7636030, has the faintest extinction-corrected M {sub K} among known members, which corresponds to a mass of 3–6 M{sub Jup} according to evolutionary models. That object and two other new members have redder mid-IR colors than young photospheres at ≤M9.5, which may indicate the presence of disks. However, since those objects may be later than M9.5 and the mid-IR colors of young photospheres are ill-defined at those types, we cannot determine conclusively whether color excesses from disks are present. If Cha J11110675−7636030 does have a disk, it would be a contender for the least-massive known brown dwarf with a disk. Since the new brown dwarfs that we have found extend below our completeness limit of 6–10 M {sub Jup}, deeper observations are needed to measure the minimum mass of the initial mass function in Chamaeleon I.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Minor mergers or progenitor bias? The stellar ages of small and large quenched galaxies

We investigate the origin of the evolution of the population-averaged size of quenched galaxies (QGs) through a spectroscopic analysis of their stellar ages. This evolution has been claimed to arise from either the size growth of individual galaxies through a sequence of dry minor mergers, or the addition of larger, newly quenched galaxies to the pre-existing population (i.e., a progenitor bias effect). We use the 20k zCOSMOS-bright spectroscopic survey to select bona fide QGs at 0.2 < z < 0.8. We stack their spectra in bins of redshift, stellar mass, and size to compute stellar population parameters through fits to the rest-frame optical spectra and Lick indices. The size–age relation differs below and above ∼10{sup 11} M {sub ⊙}: at 10.5<log M{sub ∗}/M{sub ⊙}<11, at all redshifts the stellar populations of the largest galaxies are younger than those of the smaller counterparts, indicating progenitor bias as the main driver of the average size evolution. In contrast, at higher masses, there is no clear size–age trend, supporting a substantial role of dry mergers in increasing with cosmic time the sizes of these most massive QGs. The [α/Fe] abundance ratios of QGs are (i) above-solar over the entire redshift range of our analysis, hinting at universally short timescales for the buildup of the stellar populations of QGs, and (ii) similar at all masses and sizes, suggesting similar (short) timescales for the whole QG population—and strengthening the role of mergers in the buildup of the most massive QGs in the universe.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Competitive fragmentation pathways of acetic acid dimer explored by synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry and electronic structure calculations

In present study, photoionization and dissociation of acetic acid dimers have been studied with the synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. Besides the intense signal corresponding to protonated cluster ions (CH{sub 3}COOH){sub n}{center_dot}H{sup +}, the feature related to the fragment ions (CH{sub 3}COOH)H{sup +}{center_dot}COO (105 amu) via {beta}-carbon-carbon bond cleavage is observed. By scanning photoionization efficiency spectra, appearance energies of the fragments (CH{sub 3}COOH){center_dot}H{sup +} and (CH{sub 3}COOH)H{sup +}{center_dot}COO are obtained. With the aid of theoretical calculations, seven fragmentation channels of acetic acid dimer cations were discussed, where five cation isomers of acetic acid dimer are involved. While four of them are found to generate the protonated species, only one of them can dissociate into a C-C bond cleavage product (CH{sub 3}COOH)H{sup +}{center_dot}COO. After surmounting the methyl hydrogen-transfer barrier 10.84 {+-} 0.05 eV, the opening of dissociative channel to produce ions (CH{sub 3}COOH){sup +} becomes the most competitive path. When photon energy increases to 12.4 eV, we also found dimer cations can be fragmented and generate new cations (CH{sub 3}COOH){center_dot}CH{sub 3}CO{sup +}. Kinetics, thermodynamics, and entropy factors for these competitive dissociation pathways are discussed. The present report provides a clear picture of the photoionization and dissociation processes of the acetic acid dimer in the range of the photon energy 9-15 eV.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Annealing studies of heteroepitaxial InSbN on GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy for long-wavelength infrared detectors

We report the effect of annealing on the structural, vibrational, electrical, and optical properties of heteropepitaxially grown InSbN epilayers on GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy for long-wavelength infrared detector applications. As-grown epilayers exhibited high N incorporation in the both substitutional and interstitial sites, with N induced defects as evidenced from high resolution x-ray diffraction, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and room temperature (RT) micro-Raman studies. The as-grown optical band gap was observed at 0.132 eV ({approx}9.4 {mu}m) and the epilayer exhibited high background carrier concentration at {approx}10{sup 18} cm{sup -3} range with corresponding mobility of {approx}10{sup 3} cm{sup 2}/Vs. Ex situ and in situ annealing at 430 Degree-Sign C though led to the loss of N but improved InSb quality due to effective annihilation of N related defects and other lattice defects attested to enhanced InSb LO phonon modes in the corresponding Raman spectra. Further, annealing resulted in the optical absorption edge red shifting to 0.12 eV ({approx}10.3 {mu}m) and the layers were characterized by reduced background carrier concentration in the {approx}10{sup 16} cm{sup -3} range with enhanced mobility in {approx}10{sup 4} cm{sup 2}/Vs range.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

MEASUREMENT OF THE RADIUS OF NEUTRON STARS WITH HIGH SIGNAL-TO-NOISE QUIESCENT LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

This paper presents the measurement of the neutron star (NS) radius using the thermal spectra from quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries (qLMXBs) inside globular clusters (GCs). Recent observations of NSs have presented evidence that cold ultra dense matter-present in the core of NSs-is best described by ''normal matter'' equations of state (EoSs). Such EoSs predict that the radii of NSs, R{sub NS}, are quasi-constant (within measurement errors, of {approx}10%) for astrophysically relevant masses (M{sub NS}>0.5 M{sub Sun }). The present work adopts this theoretical prediction as an assumption, and uses it to constrain a single R{sub NS} value from five qLMXB targets with available high signal-to-noise X-ray spectroscopic data. Employing a Markov chain Monte-Carlo approach, we produce the marginalized posterior distribution for R{sub NS}, constrained to be the same value for all five NSs in the sample. An effort was made to include all quantifiable sources of uncertainty into the uncertainty of the quoted radius measurement. These include the uncertainties in the distances to the GCs, the uncertainties due to the Galactic absorption in the direction of the GCs, and the possibility of a hard power-law spectral component for count excesses at high photon energy, which are observed in some qLMXBs in the Galactic plane. Using conservative assumptions, we found that the radius, common to the five qLMXBs and constant for a wide range of masses, lies in the low range of possible NS radii, R{sub NS}=9.1{sup +1.3}{sub -1.5} km (90%-confidence). Such a value is consistent with low-R{sub NS} equations of state. We compare this result with previous radius measurements of NSs from various analyses of different types of systems. In addition, we compare the spectral analyses of individual qLMXBs to previous works.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Molecular Gas and Star-formation in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

We have obtained CO(J = 2−1) spectra of nine face-on low surface brightness galaxies using the JCMT 15 m telescope and observed Hα images using the 2.16 m telescope of NAOC. As no CO has been detected, only upper limits on the H{sub 2} masses are given. The upper limits of total molecular hydrogen masses are about (1.2--82.4)×10{sup 7} M{sub ⊙}. Their star-formation rates are mainly lower than 0.4 M{sub ⊙} yr{sup −1} and star-formation efficiencies are lower than 1.364×10{sup −10} yr{sup −1}. Our results show that the absence of molecular gas content is the direct reason for the low star-formation rate. The low star-formation efficiency probably resulted from the low efficiency of H i gas transforming to H{sub 2} gas.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

TESTING THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE FUNDAMENTAL METALLICITY RELATION AT HIGH REDSHIFT USING LOW-MASS GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED GALAXIES

We present rest-frame optical spectra for a sample of nine low-mass star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 1.5 < z < 3 which are gravitationally lensed by foreground clusters. We used Triplespec, an echelle spectrograph at the Palomar 200 inch telescope that is very effective for this purpose as it samples the entire near-infrared spectrum simultaneously. By measuring the flux of nebular emission lines, we derive gas-phase metallicities and star formation rates, and by fitting the optical to infrared spectral energy distributions we obtain stellar masses. Taking advantage of the high magnification due to strong lensing, we are able to probe the physical properties of galaxies with stellar masses in the range 7.8 < log M/M{sub Sun} < 9.4 whose star formation rates are similar to those of typical star-forming galaxies in the local universe. We compare our results with the locally determined relation between stellar mass, gas metallicity, and star formation rate. Our data are in excellent agreement with this relation, with an average offset ({Delta}log (O/H)) = 0.01 {+-} 0.08, suggesting a universal relationship. Remarkably, the scatter around the fundamental metallicity relation is only 0.24 dex, smaller than that observed locally at the same stellar masses, which may provide an important additional constraint for galaxy evolution models.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

VIRIAL BLACK HOLE MASS ESTIMATES FOR 280,000 AGNs FROM THE SDSS BROADBAND PHOTOMETRY AND SINGLE-EPOCH SPECTRA

We use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Data Release 12 (DR12Q), containing nearly 300,000 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), to calculate the monochromatic luminosities at 5100, 3000, and 1350 Å, derived from the broadband extinction-corrected SDSS magnitudes. After matching these sources to their counterparts from the SDSS Quasar Data Release 7 (DR7Q), we find very high correlations between our luminosities and DR7Q spectra-based luminosities with minute mean offsets (∼0.01 dex) and dispersions of differences of 0.11, 0.10, and 0.12 dex, respectively, across a luminosity range of 2.5 dex. We then estimate the black hole (BH) masses of the AGNs using the broad line region radius–disk luminosity relations and the FWHM of the Mg ii and C iv emission lines, to provide a catalog of 283,033 virial BH mass estimates (132,451 for Mg ii, 213,071 for C iv, and 62,489 for both) along with the estimates of the bolometric luminosity and Eddington ratio for 0.1 < z < 5.5 and for roughly a quarter of the sky covered by SDSS. The BH mass estimates from Mg ii turned out to be closely matched to the ones from DR7Q with a dispersion of differences of 0.34 dex across a BH mass range of ∼2 dex. We uncovered a bias in the derived C iv FWHMs from DR12Q as compared to DR7Q, which we correct empirically. The C iv BH mass estimates should be used with caution because the C iv line is known to cause problems in the estimation of BH mass from single-epoch spectra. Finally, after the FWHM correction, the AGN BH mass estimates from C iv closely match the DR7Q ones (with a dispersion of 0.28 dex), and more importantly the Mg ii and C iv BH masses agree internally with a mean offset of 0.07 dex and a dispersion of 0.39 dex.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

FREE-FREE EMISSION AND RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES FROM PHOTOEVAPORATING DISKS

Recent infrared observations have demonstrated that photoevaporation driven by high-energy photons from the central star contributes to the dispersal of protoplanetary disks. Here, we show that photoevaporative winds should produce a detectable free-free continuum emission given the range of stellar ionizing photons and X-ray luminosities inferred for young Sun-like stars. We point out that Very Large Array observations of the nearby disk around TW Hya might have already detected this emission at centimeter wavelengths and calculate the wind electron density and mass flow rate. We also estimate the intensities of H radio recombination lines tracing the wind and discuss which ones could be detected with current instrumentation. The detection and profiles of these recombination lines would unambiguously prove our inference of free-free emission from photoevaporating disks like TW Hya. In addition, radio/millimeter data can help constraining wind parameters such as temperature and electron density that are fundamental in measuring mass flow rates.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1979

Degenerate dwarf X-ray sources

X-ray emission by accreting degenerate dwarfs is examined qualitatively, considering bremsstrahlung and cyclotron fluxes and cooling. Also discussed are strongly magnetic degenerate dwarfs, which are characterized by a blackbody-limited UV cyclotron component and a hard X-ray bremsstrahlung component, both produced by the hot emission region, and a hard UV or soft X-ray blackbody component produced by cyclotron and bremsstrahlung photons. With regard to nonmagnetic and weakly magnetic degenerate dwarfs, it is concluded that degenerate dwarfs can produce larger luminosities than earlier estimates indicated, that even high mass stars can produce low temperature (less than 10 keV) X-ray spectra, and, for moderate and high accretion rates and high (greater than 1.2 solar masses) stellar masses, the spectra exhibit a high energy tail. Individual sources of each type of dwarf are considered, such as the AM Her, DQ Her and SS Cyg classes as well as Cyg X-2 and the Sco X-1 class, and the number of such sources in the Galaxy is estimated.

Lamb, D. Q.↗
DOE OSTI2012

SiN{sub x}-induced intermixing in AlInGaAs/InP quantum well through interdiffusion of group III atoms

We analyze the composition profiles within intermixed and non-intermixed AlInGaAs-based multiple quantum wells structures by secondary ion mass spectrometry and observe that the band gap blue shift is mainly attributed to the interdiffusion of In and Ga atoms between the quantum wells and the barriers. Based on these results, several AlInGaAs-based single quantum well (SQW) structures with various compressive strain (CS) levels were grown and their photoluminescence spectra were investigated after the intermixing process involving the encapsulation of thin SiN{sub x} dielectric films on the surface followed by rapid thermal annealing. In addition to the annealing temperature, we report that the band gap shift can be also enhanced by increasing the CS level in the SQW. For instance, at an annealing temperature of 850 Degree-Sign C, the photoluminescence blue shift is found to reach more than 110 nm for the sample with 1.2%-CS SQW, but only 35 nm with 0.4%-CS SQW. We expect that this relatively larger atomic compositional gradient of In (and Ga) between the compressively strained quantum well and the barrier can facilitate the atomic interdiffusion and it thus leads to the larger band gap shift.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

RESOLVING THE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK OF HL TAURI AT MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS

We present results of high-resolution imaging toward HL Tau by the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy. We have obtained {lambda} = 1.3 mm and 2.7 mm dust continua with an angular resolution down to 0.''13. Through simultaneous model fitting to the two wavelength data sets in Bayesian inference using a flared viscous accretion disk model, we estimate the physical properties of HL Tau, such as density distribution, dust opacity spectral index, disk mass, disk size, inclination angle, position angle, and disk thickness. HL Tau has a circumstellar disk mass of 0.13 M{sub sun}, a characteristic radius of 79 AU, an inclination of 40{sup 0}, and a position angle of 136{sup 0}. Although a thin disk model is preferred by our two wavelength data sets, a thick disk model is needed to explain the high mid- and far-infrared emission of the HL Tau spectral energy distribution. This could imply large dust grains settled down on the midplane with fine dust grains mixed with gas. The HL Tau disk is likely gravitationally unstable and can be fragmented between 50 and 100 AU of radius. However, we did not detect dust thermal continuum supporting the protoplanet candidate claimed by a previous study using observations of the Very Large Array at {lambda} = 1.3 cm.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Multi-epoch detections of water ice absorption in edge-on disks around Herbig Ae stars: PDS 144N and PDS 453

We report the multi-epoch detections of water ice in 2.8–4.2 μm spectra of two Herbig Ae stars, PDS 144N (A2 IVe) and PDS 453 (F2 Ve), which have an edge-on circumstellar disk. The detected water ice absorption is found to originate from their protoplanetary disks. The spectra show a relatively shallow absorption of water ice of around 3.1 μm for both objects. The optical depths of the water ice absorption are ∼0.1 and ∼0.2 for PDS 144N and PDS 453, respectively. Compared to the water ice previously detected in low-mass young stellar objects with an edge-on disk with a similar inclination angle, these optical depths are significantly lower. It suggests that stronger UV radiation from the central stars effectively decreases the water ice abundance around the Herbig Ae stars through photodesorption. The water ice absorption in PDS 453 shows a possible variation of the feature among the six observing epochs. This variation could be due to a change of absorption materials passing through our line of sight to the central star. The overall profile of the water ice absorption in PDS 453 is quite similar to the absorption previously reported in the edge-on disk object d216-0939, and this unique profile may be seen only at a high inclination angle in the range of 76°–80°.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗