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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2017

NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute: Building Collaboration Through International Partnerships

The NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) is a virtual institute focused on re-search at the intersection of science and exploration, training the next generation of lunar scientists, and community development. As part of the SSERVI mission, we act as a hub for opportunities that engage the larger scientific and exploration communities in order to form new interdisciplinary, research-focused collaborations. This talk will describe the international partner re-search efforts and how we are engaging the international science and exploration communities through workshops, conferences, online seminars and classes, student exchange programs and internships.

Virtual Institute↗
NASA NTRS2019

Venus as a Laboratory for Exoplanetary Science

The current goals of the astrobiology community are focused on developing a framework for the detection of biosignatures, or evidence thereof, on objects inside and outside of our solar system. A fundamental aspect of understanding the limits of habitable environments (surface liquid water) and detectable signatures thereof is the study of where the boundaries of such environments can occur. Such studies provide the basis for understanding how a once inhabitable planet might come to be uninhabitable. The archetype of such a planet is arguably Earth’s sibling planet, Venus. Given the need to define the conditions that can rule out bio-related signatures of exoplanets, Venus provides a unique opportunity to explore the processes that led to a completely uninhabitable environment by our current definition of the term. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding Venus, particularly in the context of remote-sensing techniques that are being or will be employed in the search for and characterization of exoplanets. We discuss candidate Venus analogs identified by the Kepler and TESS exoplanet missions and provide an update to exoplanet demographics that can be placed in the potential runaway greenhouse regime where Venus analogs are thought to reside. We list several major outstanding questions regarding the Venus environment and the relevance of those questions to understanding the atmospheres and interior structure of exoplanets. Finally, we outline the path towards a deeper analysis of our sibling planet and the synergy to exoplanetary science.

Venus↗
DOE OSTI2024

Co-design for Particle Applications at Exascale

Co-design across the Exascale Computing Project (ECP) has been critical for both enabling science applications and bringing disparate communities together. Developing and porting applications to the various high-performance computing (HPC) architectures on pre-exascale and exascale computers has been quite challenging due to the diversity of hardware features and software stacks. The Co-design Center for Particle Applications (CoPA) has developed and enhanced the Cabana and PROGRESS/BML libraries to facilitate the creation of new particle applications, make existing particle applications exascale capable, and allow teams to explore new capabilities. Particle methods from atomistic, mesoscale, continuum, through cosmological scales have been built with Cabana, along with new possibilities for application coupling. Similarly, the PROGRESS/BML library has enabled quantum particle applications with linear algebra solvers to use advanced hardware. Across these CoPA-developed libraries, the co-design abstraction layer combines performance portability with math library support to facilitate separation of concerns and directly support science runs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Science of the Van Allen Probes Science Operations Centers

The Van Allen Probes mission operations materialized through a distributed model in which operational responsibility was divided between the Mission Operations Center (MOC) and separate instrument specific SOCs. The sole MOC handled all aspects of telemetering and receiving tasks as well as certain scientifically relevant ancillary tasks. Each instrument science team developed individual instrument specific SOCs proficient in unique capabilities in support of science data acquisition, data processing, instrument performance, and tools for the instrument team scientists. In parallel activities, project scientists took on the task of providing a significant modeling tool base usable by the instrument science teams and the larger scientific community. With a mission as complex as Van Allen Probes, scientific inquiry occurred due to constant and significant collaboration between the SOCs and in concert with the project science team. Planned cross-instrument coordinated observations resulted in critical discoveries during the seven-year mission. Instrument cross-calibration activities elucidated a more seamless set of data products. Specific topics include post-launch changes and enhancements to the SOCs, discussion of coordination activities between the SOCs, SOC specific analysis software, modeling software provided by the Van Allen Probes project, and a section on lessons learned. One of the most significant lessons learned was the importance of the original decision to implement individual team SOCs providing timely and well-documented instrument data for the NASA Van Allen Probes Mission scientists and the larger magnetospheric and radiation belt scientific community.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS2016

Simulating the Surface of Venus on Earth

The growing interest in comparative climatology among the terrestrial planets, the explosion of planets being discovered around other stars and the exciting results of recent orbital and remote observations of Venus provide evidence for a growing case to better understand Earths sister planet. The surface of Venus is quite unlike Earths surface conditions, and in fact is rather extreme. Science, technology, and planetary mission communities have a growing interest in the unique physiochemical properties and processes that occur under extreme temperature and pressure conditions in exotic and even hostile chemical environments such as Venus. The steadily growing catalog of exoplanets likely contains many examples of bodies with environments dramatically different than the surface of the Earth. Understanding these properties and processes will help us under-stand the history and present day state of inhospitable and even inaccessible regions of the Earth as well as other solar or extrasolar planets. Additionally, Venus and Saturn targets are prioritized in the current Planetary Decadal Survey, with reference missions that include in-situ investigations of these challenging environments. The fact that two of the five recent Discovery mission proposals selected by NASA for further development are Venus-focused adds additional priority and even urgency to laboratory-based extreme environment investigations. In addition to the importance of science-focused investigations, there is a current and future need for understanding the behavior of advanced technologies and materials in these extreme environments. The materials of course make up instruments and systems in missions and ultimately the success of planetary missions is dependent upon performance testing of instruments and systems in conditions that closely approximate those of the target. Until very recently, there was limited ability to accurately simulate Venus surface-like conditions, especially in vessels large enough to accommodate full-size instruments and components. This gap in capability is being addressed by NASA Glenn's Extreme Environment Rig, called GEER, located in Cleveland, Ohio. This large chamber allows for engineering tests of newly-developed as well as heritage instruments, while simultaneously affording opportunities for geochemical and materials-based science investigations.

Simulation↗
NASA NTRS2016

Enabling Communication and Navigation Technologies for Future Near Earth Science Missions

In 2015, the Earth Regimes Network Evolution Study (ERNESt) Team proposed a fundamentally new architectural concept, with enabling technologies, that defines an evolutionary pathway out to the 2040 timeframe in which an increasing user community comprised of more diverse space science and exploration missions can be supported. The architectural concept evolves the current instantiations of the Near Earth Network and Space Network through implementation of select technologies resulting in a global communication and navigation network that provides communication and navigation services to a wide range of space users in the Near Earth regime, defined as an Earth-centered sphere with radius of 2M Km. The enabling technologies include: High Rate Optical Communications, Optical Multiple Access (OMA), Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN), User Initiated Services (UIS), and advanced Position, Navigation, and Timing technology (PNT). This paper describes this new architecture, the key technologies that enable it and their current technology readiness levels. Examples of science missions that could be enabled by the technologies and the projected operational benefits of the architecture concept to missions are also described.

Networking↗
DOE OSTI2024

Transforming Science Through Software: Improving While Delivering 100×

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Exascale Computing Project (ECP) funded the development of new (and the transformation of important existing) applications, libraries, and tools that realized improvement in performance and capabilities of often 100 times or more on emerging exascale computers. This exceptional gain inspired the title of this special issue: Transforming Science through Software: Improving while delivering 100X. The term 100X refers to advancing capabilities in modeling, simulation, and analysis by a factor of 100 or more using some combination of new algorithms, optimization techniques, software libraries, and programming models, coupled with the next generation of hardware for high-performance computing (HPC). The papers in this issue share experiences with the practice and science of scientific software development, with an emphasis on developing a coherent, portable, and sustainable HPC software ecosystem for next-generation computational science. Finally, we hope to foster expanded community efforts related to the fundamental role of sustainable scientific software ecosystems in advancing the computing sciences.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1982

Summary of community technology needs

Applications of the social sciences and engineering to solution of the problem of airport noise are summarized. Specific needs are outlined.

Bragdon, C. R.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Open Hardware in Science: The Benefits of Open Electronics

Abstract Openly shared low-cost electronic hardware applications, known as open electronics, have sparked a new open-source movement, with much untapped potential to advance scientific research. Initially designed to appeal to electronic hobbyists, open electronics have formed a global “maker” community and are increasingly used in science and industry. In this perspective article, we review the current costs and benefits of open electronics for use in scientific research ranging from the experimental to the theoretical sciences. We discuss how user-made electronic applications can help (I) individual researchers, by increasing the customization, efficiency, and scalability of experiments, while improving data quantity and quality; (II) scientific institutions, by improving access to customizable high-end technologies, sustainability, visibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration potential; and (III) the scientific community, by improving transparency and reproducibility, helping decouple research capacity from funding, increasing innovation, and improving collaboration potential among researchers and the public. We further discuss how current barriers like poor awareness, knowledge access, and time investments can be resolved by increased documentation and collaboration, and provide guidelines for academics to enter this emerging field. We highlight that open electronics are a promising and powerful tool to help scientific research to become more innovative and reproducible and offer a key practical solution to improve democratic access to science.

Oellermann, Michael (ORCID:0000000153926737)↗
DOE OSTI2022

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

Abstract The large and rapidly growing family of 2D early transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) raises significant interest in the materials science and chemistry of materials communities. Discovered a little more than a decade ago, MXenes have already demonstrated outstanding potential in various applications ranging from energy storage to biology and medicine. The past two years have witnessed increased experimental and theoretical efforts toward studying MXenes’ mechanical and tribological properties when used as lubricant additives, reinforcement phases in composites, or solid lubricant coatings. Although research on the understanding of the friction and wear performance of MXenes under dry and lubricated conditions is still in its early stages, it has experienced rapid growth due to the excellent mechanical properties and chemical reactivities offered by MXenes that make them adaptable to being combined with other materials, thus boosting their tribological performance. In this perspective, the most promising results in the area of MXene tribology are summarized, future important problems to be pursued further are outlined, and methodological recommendations that could be useful for experts as well as newcomers to MXenes research, in particular, to the emerging area of MXene tribology, are provided.

2D materials↗
NASA NTRS2000

Space Commercial Opportunities for Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena Applications

Microgravity research at NASA has been an undertaking that has included both science and commercial approaches since the late 80s and early 90s. The Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena community has been developed, through NASA's science grants, into a valuable base of expertise in microgravity science. This was achieved through both ground and flight scientific research. Commercial microgravity research has been primarily promoted thorough NASA sponsored Centers for Space Commercialization which develop cost sharing partnerships with industry. As an example, the Center for Advanced Microgravity Materials Processing (CAMMP)at Northeastern University has been working with cost sharing industry partners in developing Zeolites and zeo-type materials as an efficient storage medium for hydrogen fuel. Greater commercial interest is emerging. The U.S. Congress has passed the Commercial Space Act of 1998 to encourage the development of a commercial space industry in the United States. The Act has provisions for the commercialization of the International Space Station (ISS). Increased efforts have been made by NASA to enable industrial ventures on-board the ISS. A Web site has been established at http://commercial/nasa/gov which includes two important special announcements. One is an open request for entrepreneurial offers related to the commercial development and use of the ISS. The second is a price structure and schedule for U.S. resources and accommodations. The purpose of the presentation is to make the Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena community, which understands the importance of microgravity experimentation, aware of important aspects of ISS commercial development. It is a desire that this awareness will be translated into a recognition of Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena application opportunities coordinated through the broad contacts of this community with industry.

Gavert, R.↗
DOE OSTI2020

LDM-612: Plans and Policies for LSST Alert Distribution

A major product of the nightly processing of LSST images is a world-public stream of alerts from transient, variable, and moving sources. Science users will access these alerts through community brokers or through a simple filtering service provided by LSST. This document provides a guide to the plans and policies for the alert distribution system to aid science users, broker developers, funding agencies, and LSST Project personnel. It describes the components of the alert distribution system and the data rights required to access specific scientific products. It provides guidelines for organizations developing community brokers and describes the planned capabilities of the LSST simple alert filtering service and Science Platform to aid science users in planning for LSST science.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2017

Landing on Europa: Challenges, Technologies, and a Strategy

Jupiter’s moon Europa is of intense scientific interest because of the vast quantities of salty liquid water which likely lay beneath its thin icy crust and the tantalizing prospect of finding life elsewhere in the solar system. The planned Europa Mission, which would perform remote science through multiple flybys of Europa, is under development and promises to yield unprecedented insight into this intriguing body. However, there remains a strong desire in the scientific community to perform in situ Europa science through a landed mission. Europa presents unique challenges to a landing mission because of its hostile radiation environment and the lack of information about its terrain. As a complement to the flyby mission, a bold concept to land on Europa and perform in situ science is being studied. Such a mission requires significant technology development to overcome the inherent landing challenges. This paper provides a brief overview of the Europa Lander mission concept and its notional objectives. It then describes the significant challenges associated with landing on Europa, the technologies required to overcome those challenges, and a strategy for Deorbit, Descent, and Landing.

Frick, Andreas↗
DOE OSTI2020

Assessment of Spatiotemporal Variability of Evapotranspiration and Its Governing Factors in a Mountainous Watershed at the East River, Colorado, Water: Dataset

This data package contains simulation results of daily evapotranspiration for 17 locations of meteorological stations with different precipitation, air temperature and vegetation within the East River Watershed, Colorado (CLMResult.csv). Daily precipitation data is included for reference. These are the main results of the paper Tran, 2019. Meteorological stations names, latitude and longitude coordinates of meteorological stations, types of lands from the National Land Cover Database, and a comparison with the community land model (CLM) data are also included (Met_LC.csv). The purpose of this data is to analyze the spatio-temporal variations of evapotranspiration at the East River Watershed and understand the factors that control these variations. More information regarding the study, methods, and findings can be found in the Related Reference paper.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

ARM Aerial Instrument Workshop Report

The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program is to “support transformative science and scientific user facilities to achieve a predictive understanding of complex biological, earth, and environmental systems for energy and infrastructure security, independence, and prosperity.” (https://science.osti.gov/ber) Aligned with the BER central mission, the Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Division (EESSD) plays a vital role in supporting the fundamental research to understand and predict Earth’s climate and environmental systems, and is also in a unique position to inform the development of sustainable solutions to the nation’s energy and environmental challenges. Specifically, EESSD manages two scientific user facilities: the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). These facilities provide the broader scientific community with scientific expertise, technical capabilities, and unique data sets to facilitate science in areas of importance to DOE. As a multi-platform scientific user facility, ARM aims to fulfill the needs predominantly within the EESSD Atmospheric System Research (ASR) and the Earth and Environmental System Modeling (EESM) mission areas, and provide the critical measurements required to improve understanding of aerosol and cloud life cycles and their interactions, and their coupling with the Earth’s surface. Over the years, ARM has carried out piloted and unmanned aircraft campaigns under different organizational and operational paradigms (Schmid et al. 2014, 2016). Building on its success, the ARM Aerial Facility (AAF) continues to complement the ground-based observations with airborne in situ cloud, aerosol, and trace gas observations as well as measurements of atmospheric state and atmospheric radiation. During the past three years, ARM has managed field campaigns using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and tethered balloon systems (TBS) at Oliktok Point in Alaska to improve understanding of atmospheric processes in the Arctic. In 2019, following a careful evaluation of scientific community needs, ARM acquired a Bombardier Challenger 850 regional jet to replace the vintage Grumman Gulfstream-159 turboprop aircraft previously used by AAF. With this new “laboratory in the sky”, AAF is evaluating its current and future aerial observation capabilities to continue satisfying the needs of the research community.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Energy and physical resource impacts of quantum computing merit greater attention

Quantum computing research and development is growing worldwide; yet the energy and physical resource demands of future quantum-accelerated data centres are unknown. Planning for quantum computing requires strong collaboration between research communities across engineering, physics, environmental sciences, economics, policy, and energy systems and scenario modelling.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

dCache: Inter-disciplinary storage system

The dCache project provides open-source software deployed internationally to satisfy ever more demanding storage requirements. Its multifaceted approach provides an integrated way of supporting different use-cases with the same storage, from high throughput data ingest, data sharing over wide area networks, efficient access from HPC clusters and long term data persistence on a tertiary storage. Though it was originally developed for the HEP experiments, today it is used by various scientific communities, including astrophysics, biomed, life science, which have their specific requirements. In this paper we describe some of the new requirements as well as demonstrate how dCache developers are addressing them.

Mkrtchyan, Tigran↗