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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS2002

The Right Amount of Glue: Technologies and Standards Relevant to a Future Solar-Terrestrial Data Environment

In order to meet the challenge of developing a new system science, we will need to employ technology that enables researchers to access data from fields with which they are at least initially unfamiliar as well as from sources they use more regularly. At the same time, the quantity of data to be obtained by missions such as the Solar Dynamics Observatory demands ease and simplicity of data access. These competing demands must in turn fit within severely constrained funding for data analysis in such projects. Based on experience in only a single discipline but with a diversity of data types and sources, we will give examples of technology that have made a significant difference in the way people do science. Similarly, we will show how adoption of a well-documented data format has made it easier for one community to search, reduce, and analyze data. We will also describe a community-supported data reduction and analysis software tree with useful features. We will attempt to generalize the lessons learned in these instances to features the broader, solar-terrestrial community might find compelling, while avoiding overdesign of a common data environment.

Gurman, J. B.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Position Papers for the ASCR Workshop on the Management and Storage of Scientific Data

The purpose of this workshop is to identify priority research directions in the area of data management for high-performance and scientific computing above and beyond HPC’s traditional "the parallel file system is the data-management system" model. Supporting the breadth of the DOE mission, including the explosion of AI uses and the growing needs of experimental and observational science, motivates revisiting our assumptions about data management. There are many facets of this topic to explore including: (1) Interfaces for accessing data that resides on traditional persistent storage as well as memory devices; (2) Storage-system architecture design that supports scientific workflows on varied hierarchical storage and networking devices; (3) Devising metadata management infrastructure to support FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability); (4) Capturing provenance information about scientific data; (5) Utilizing AI to learn I/O patterns of emerging workloads for efficient data management; (6) Providing data management support for AI and complex workflows; and (7) Understanding the overlap between traditional storage systems and I/O (SSIO) efforts and data management. While the program committee has identified these topics as important areas for discussion, we welcome position papers from the community that propose additional topics of interest for discussion at the workshop. The workshop agenda will include breakout sessions for discussing these and selected topic areas to inform priority research directions for data management for high-performance and scientific computing.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2022

Report for the ASCR Workshop on the Management and Storage of Scientific Data

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2023

Not just for programmers: How GitHub can accelerate collaborative and reproducible research in ecology and evolution

Abstract Researchers in ecology and evolutionary biology are increasingly dependent on computational code to conduct research. Hence, the use of efficient methods to share, reproduce, and collaborate on code as well as document research is fundamental. GitHub is an online, cloud‐based service that can help researchers track, organize, discuss, share, and collaborate on software and other materials related to research production, including data, code for analyses, and protocols. Despite these benefits, the use of GitHub in ecology and evolution is not widespread. To help researchers in ecology and evolution adopt useful features from GitHub to improve their research workflows, we review 12 practical ways to use the platform. We outline features ranging from low to high technical difficulty, including storing code, managing projects, coding collaboratively, conducting peer review, writing a manuscript, and using automated and continuous integration to streamline analyses. Given that members of a research team may have different technical skills and responsibilities, we describe how the optimal use of GitHub features may vary among members of a research collaboration. As more ecologists and evolutionary biologists establish their workflows using GitHub, the field can continue to push the boundaries of collaborative, transparent, and open research.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

NASA NTRS2013

SPoRT: Transitioning NASA and NOAA Experimental Data to the Operational Weather Community

Established in 2002 to demonstrate the weather and forecasting application of real-time EOS measurements, the NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) program has grown to be an end-to-end research to operations activity focused on the use of advanced NASA modeling and data assimilation approaches, nowcasting techniques, and unique high-resolution multispectral data from EOS satellites to improve short-term weather forecasts on a regional and local scale. With the ever-broadening application of real-time high resolution satellite data from current EOS, Suomi NPP, and planned JPSS and GOES-R sensors to weather forecast problems, significant challenges arise in the acquisition, delivery, and integration of the new capabilities into the decision making process of the operational weather community. For polar orbiting sensors such as MODIS, AIRS, VIIRS, and CRiS, the use of direct broadcast ground stations is key to the real-time delivery of the data and derived products in a timely fashion. With the ABI on the geostationary GOES-R satellite, the data volumes will likely increase by a factor of 5-10 from current data streams. However, the high data volume and limited bandwidth of end user facilities presents a formidable obstacle to timely access to the data. This challenge can be addressed through the use of subsetting techniques, innovative web services, and the judicious selection of data formats. Many of these approaches have been implemented by SPoRT for the delivery of real-time products to NWS forecast offices and other weather entities. Once available in decision support systems like AWIPS II, these new data and products must be integrated into existing and new displays that allow for the integration of the data with existing operational products in these systems. SPoRT is leading the way in demonstrating this enhanced capability. This paper will highlight the ways SPoRT is overcoming many of the challenges presented by the enormous data volumes of current and future satellite systems to get unique high quality research data into the operational weather environment.

Jedlovec, Gary J.↗

DOE OSTI2023

High dimensional binary classification under label shift: phase transition and regularization

Label Shift has been widely believed to be harmful to the generalization performance of machine learning models. Researchers have proposed many approaches to mitigate the impact of the label shift, e.g., balancing the training data. However, these methods often consider the underparametrized regime, where the sample size is much larger than the data dimension. The research under the overparametrized regime is very limited. Here, to bridge this gap, we propose a new asymptotic analysis of the Fisher Linear Discriminant classifier for binary classification with label shift. Specifically, we prove that there exists a phase transition phenomenon: Under certain overparametrized regime, the classifier trained using imbalanced data outperforms the counterpart with reduced balanced data. Moreover, we investigate the impact of regularization to the label shift: The aforementioned phase transition vanishes as the regularization becomes strong.

binary classification↗

DOE OSTI2021

Summary Report of the 1st RCM of the CRP on the Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications

The First Research Coordination Meeting of the CRP on “Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications” was held by video conference from 31 August to 4 September 2020 with more than 50 international experts from 16 countries attending the meeting. The CRP is devoted to evaluation efforts of cumulative and independent fission yields for incident energies from the thermal point up to 14 MeV on actinide targets. Produced fission yield evaluations should include full uncertainty quantification and are expected to combine available experimental data and state-of-art model information. Four working groups were created within the collaboration: 1) Availability of experimental fission product yield data for evaluations; 2) New fission product yield experimental data; 3) Fission product yield evaluation; and 4) Fission product yield validation. Technical discussions and the resulting work plan of the Coordinated Research Programme are summarized in this report.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS1973

Source encoding for two-dimensional data

Abstracts are presented of research conducted on source encoding for two-dimensional data.

Wintz, P. A.↗

DOE OSTI2026

FAIR Data Meets FAIR Software

Modern scientific research is increasingly defined by the interplay between data, software, and the workflows that connect them. Yet while the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles have become foundational for scientific data stewardship, the same level of structure and expectation has only recently begun to extend to research software. This talk covers why and how FAIR principles are being applied to data and software to support data reuse. It outlines the gaps in current sharing norms, the growing federal emphasis on persistent identifiers and public access, and the opportunities created when datasets, computational workflows, code, and models are linked through rich, standardized metadata. Practical implementation pathways for the EIC and JLab communities are described, including datacards for structured dataset documentation and provenance-aware workflows. By aligning data lifecycle management with FAIR-aligned software practices, the scientific community can advance toward autonomous knowledge graphs, generative workflows, and high-quality, AI-ready scientific datasets.

McSpadden, Diana [Thomas Jefferson National Accele↗

DOE OSTI2025

DOE Data Days 2025 Report

The DOE Data Days (D3) workshop brings together data managers, developers, researchers, and program managers across the Department of Energy (DOE) and its national laboratories to highlight data management successes, identify potential synergies and common problems, and establish channels for collaboration across the DOE data management community.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1986

High speed photography, videography, and photonics IV; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, Aug. 19, 20, 1986

Various papers on high-speed photography, videography, and photonics are presented. The general topics addressed include: photooptical and video instrumentation, streak camera data acquisition systems, photooptical instrumentation in wind tunnels, applications of holography and interferometry in wind tunnel research programs, and data analysis for photooptical and video instrumentation.

Ponseggi, B. G.↗

NASA NTRS1994

McIDAS-eXplorer: A version of McIDAS for planetary applications

McIDAS-eXplorer is a set of software tools developed for analysis of planetary data published by the Planetary Data System on CD-ROM's. It is built upon McIDAS-X, an environment which has been in use nearly two decades now for earth weather satellite data applications in research and routine operations. The environment allows convenient access, navigation, analysis, display, and animation of planetary data by utilizing the full calibration data accompanying the planetary data. Support currently exists for Voyager images of the giant planets and their satellites; Magellan radar images (F-MIDR and C-MIDR's, global map products (GxDR's), and altimetry data (ARCDR's)); Galileo SSI images of the earth, moon, and Venus; Viking Mars images and MDIM's as well as most earth based telescopic images of solar system objects (FITS). The NAIF/JPL SPICE kernels are used for image navigation when available. For data without the SPICE kernels (such as the bulk of the Voyager Jupiter and Saturn imagery and Pioneer Orbiter images of Venus), tools based on NAIF toolkit allow the user to navigate the images interactively. Multiple navigation types can be attached to a given image (e.g., for ring navigation and planet navigation in the same image). Tools are available to perform common image processing tasks such as digital filtering, cartographic mapping, map overlays, and data extraction. It is also possible to have different planetary radii for an object such as Venus which requires a different radius for the surface and for the cloud level. A graphical user interface based on Tel-Tk scripting language is provided (UNIX only at present) for using the environment and also to provide on-line help. It is possible for end users to add applications of their own to the environment at any time.

Limaye, Sanjay S.↗

NASA NTRS2012

Electronic Handbooks Simplify Process Management

Getting a multitude of people to work together to manage processes across many organizations for example, flight projects, research, technologies, or data centers and others is not an easy task. Just ask Dr. Barry E. Jacobs, a research computer scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center. He helped NASA develop a process management solution that provided documenting tools for process developers and participants to help them quickly learn, adapt, test, and teach their views. Some of these tools included editable files for subprocess descriptions, document descriptions, role guidelines, manager worksheets, and references. First utilized for NASA's Headquarters Directives Management process, the approach led to the invention of a concept called the Electronic Handbook (EHB). This EHB concept was successfully applied to NASA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, among other NASA programs. Several Federal agencies showed interest in the concept, so Jacobs and his team visited these agencies to show them how their specific processes could be managed by the methodology, as well as to create mockup versions of the EHBs.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2013

Flight Test Results of an Angle of Attack and Angle of Sideslip Calibration Method Using Output-Error Optimization

As part of a joint partnership between the NASA Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) and the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI), research on advanced air data calibration methods has been in progress. This research was initiated to expand a novel pitot-static calibration method that was developed to allow rapid in-flight calibration for the NASA Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research (AirSTAR) facility. This approach uses Global Positioning System (GPS) technology coupled with modern system identification methods that rapidly computes optimal pressure error models over a range of airspeed with defined confidence bounds. Subscale flight tests demonstrated small 2-σ error bounds with significant reduction in test time compared to other methods. Recent UTSI full scale flight tests have shown airspeed calibrations with the same accuracy or better as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) accepted GPS 'four-leg' method in a smaller test area and in less time. The current research was motivated by the desire to extend this method for inflight calibration of angle of attack (AOA) and angle of sideslip (AOS) flow vanes. An instrumented Piper Saratoga research aircraft from the UTSI was used to collect the flight test data and evaluate flight test maneuvers. Results showed that the output-error approach produces good results for flow vane calibration. In addition, maneuvers for pitot-static and flow vane calibration can be integrated to enable simultaneous and efficient testing of each system.

Siu, Marie-Michele↗

DOE OSTI2020

New Physics from the Neutrino Portal: Early Universe Implications and Detection Prospects

Despite their ubiquity, the nature of Dark Matter (DM) and neutrinos remains mysterious. Both are examples of particles which are neutral, stable, and require physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. It is therefore natural to investigate theories which relate them. If DM has more than gravitational interactions, it must not couple very sizably to the Standard Mode (SM) in order to have escaped detection so far. The nature of this coupling (or “portal”) is of paramount importance in determining the optimal experimental search strategies. This proposal aims to focus on the implications of “Hidden Sector” models of new physics where the dominant interaction is from the neutrino-mixing portal. Such scenarios give rise to new neutrino self-interactions and DM-neutrino interactions with a variety of consequences. By undertaking the thorough study of neutrino portal (NP) theories of DM this proposal seeks to achieve the following specific objectives: (1) Expand and deepen the theoretical foundations of self-interacting neutrinos in the early universe with application to sterile neutrino DM, (2) establish theoretical and phenomenological bases for DM-modified neutrino oscillations, (3) establish sensitivity projections for neutrino self-interactions from future IceCube data. The proposed research will intellectually contribute to the physics literature by thoroughly characterizing the consequences of “hidden sector” models incorporating DM and neutrinos. Theoretical consistency and a complete description of their impact on the early universe will constitute one component of this work. As a result of the additional structure in the neutrino sector the detectability of various aspects of neutrino physics will be impacted. This includes modifications to oscillation experiments, ultra-high-energy neutrino telescopes (e.g. IceCube, KM3NET), and Cosmic Microwave Background data. The success of this research proposal will depend on the successful integration of these complementary probes of new physics in the proper context of theoretically motivated scenarios determined from their impact on the early universe.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS1986

Interface of the transport systems research vehicle monochrome display system to the digital autonomous terminal access communication data bus

An upgrade of the transport systems research vehicle (TSRV) experimental flight system retained the original monochrome display system. The original host computer was replaced with a Norden 11/70, a new digital autonomous terminal access communication (DATAC) data bus was installed for data transfer between display system and host, while a new data interface method was required. The new display data interface uses four split phase bipolar (SPBP) serial busses. The DATAC bus uses a shared interface ram (SIR) for intermediate storage of its data transfer. A display interface unit (DIU) was designed and configured to read from and write to the SIR to properly convert the data from parallel to SPBP serial and vice versa. It is found that separation of data for use by each SPBP bus and synchronization of data tranfer throughout the entire experimental flight system are major problems which require solution in DIU design. The techniques used to accomplish these new data interface requirements are described.

Easley, W. C.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Rossi-alpha Analysis of CURIE Experiment

Critical assembly measurement and operations are crucial to the development of benchmark data to support research into criticality safety, radiation-detection development, and the overall application of nuclear technologies. Accurate nuclear data are needed for accurate predictive simulations, and validation using critical experiments is an important part of the nuclear data pipeline. The accuracy of nuclear data are improved using more robust and targeted measurements. In particular, the intermediate energy range of uranium is of great interest. LANL has successfully performed the Zeus series of experiments on the Comet assembly to investigate the intermediate energy range for HEU with various moderators. A successor to these experiments is the benchmark for the Critical Unresolved Region Integral Experiment (CURIE), designed to be sensitive to the unresolved resonance region (URR). This experiment is designed using polytetrafluoroethylene, more commonly known as Teflon, moderators. The CURIE experiment was successfully conducted at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC). The Rossi-alpha method was used to evaluate the propensity of the CURIE configurations to sustain fission chains by estimating the prompt neutron decay constant α. This work evaluates the α at delayed critical using Rossi-alpha for different Teflon moderator thicknesses in the CURIE experiment. These results will help improve understanding of the CURIE benchmark experiments.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

NASA NTRS1985

Digital processing of mesoscale analysis and space sensor data

The mesoscale analysis and space sensor (MASS) data management and analysis system on the research computer system is presented. The MASS data base management and analysis system was implemented on the research computer system which provides a wide range of capabilities for processing and displaying large volumes of conventional and satellite derived meteorological data. The research computer system consists of three primary computers (HP-1000F, Harris/6, and Perkin-Elmer 3250), each of which performs a specific function according to its unique capabilities. The overall tasks performed concerning the software, data base management and display capabilities of the research computer system in terms of providing a very effective interactive research tool for the digital processing of mesoscale analysis and space sensor data is described.

Hickey, J. S.↗